Falklands nkhondo: mbiri za nkhondo ndi zotsatira zake

M'nkhaniyi, Tikambirana nkhondo wotsatira wa m'ma XX, ndipo za Falklands nkhondo. Nkhondo imeneyi inali kumenyana pakati Argentina ndi Great Britain mu 1982. Ufumuwu unatha miyezi itatu. Chifukwa izo zinachitika ndi zimene zinachititsa m'mayiko amenewa kuchita ndi kumenyana wina ndi mzake? Werengani zambiri.

prehistory

Kumapeto kwa XVII m'zaka za Islands Falkland, zilumba anadza anapeza ndi panyanja European, koma chifukwa cha malo pafupi Argentina, dziko lino wakhala amaona kuti mbali ya m'gawo lake. The zilumba ongokhala lalikulu awiri ndi zilumba zoposa mazana asanu ndi awiri ang'ono ndi miyala, panalibe anthu zakwawoko, ndipo kwa zaka zambiri wakhala mobwerezabwereza wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja m'manja. Mu XVIII m'ma English kuthetsa, koma pa nthawi idamangidwa pano American Chiwukirano nkhondo , Britain anauzidwa kuti achoke m'dzikolo. Mu 1820 atsamunda Argentine anafika ku zilumba za Falkland. Great Britain anatenga ulamuliro pa zilumba mu 1833 zalimbitsa ufulu wawo m'madera amenewa.

Mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma XX, Argentina watenga angapo masitepe zamtendere kuthetsa udindo atsamunda a Islands ndi Falkland. dziko Zimenezi amati madera awa nakhumba kuwonjezera ulamuliro wake kwa iwo. Funso la decolonization ankaona pa misonkhano ya United Nations, koma osati ndiyakuti. Falklands nkhondo mu 1982 ndinangopezeka chifukwa cha mkanganowu osathetsedwa.

Ndani ayenera a pachilumbachi?

Vutoli likukulirakulira kumayambiriro 1982, pamene mtsogoleri wa junta asilikali mu 1979, anayamba kulamulira Argentina, anaganiza angalowe Islands Falkland. nkhondo inayamba panthawi imene Argentina anali kudutsa si zabwino za nthawi. Pa nkhani imeneyi, boma la asilikali a General Leopoldo Galtieri anayesa kulanda zilumba kuti zimalepheretsa anthu chidwi cha mavuto a mkati mwa dziko, komanso kulimbikitsa kunyada ndi umodzi wa anthu adani wamba dziko, mu nkhani iyi UK.

The adani a zilumba ndi Argentina

Popeza April 2, Argentine asilikali anafika pa Islands ndi Falkland, potero chomwe nkhondo zotsatira. The adani a zilumba, amene kuteteza za makumi asanu ndi atatu British Asilikali chilili Port Stanley, panalibe magazi. The British anagonja ndi Falklands anakhazikitsa boma latsopano, lotsogoledwa ndi Argentine General Menendosom. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ndipo apo panali Falklands nkhondo, zimayambitsa umene pa choona kuti onsewo bodza nkhondo kokalalikira.

Tsiku lotsatira, pambuyo ankafika mayunitsi Argentine mu Islands ndi Falkland mu Bungwe la UN Security anatengera kusamvana akuitanira zipani za nkhondo kuti kuthetsa mwamtendere. Britain anasiyiratu ndi Argentina onse ubale zamtendere m'chigawo ndipo anatumiza asilikali, amene ntchito anali kuti ayambenso kulamulira Islands ndi Falkland. Argentina, ayamba kufalitsidwa asilikali ena ndipo analengeza asilikali a reservists. Mayiko woyikidwa ziletso pa wina ndi mzake. Falklands nkhondo anali akamayamba.

escalation a mkangano

Britain yomweyo gulu la cholinga chapadera, analandira ntchito kubwerera chilumba. April 25 asilikali British unathandizapo tidakocheza ku Zombo Zankhondo, anali otanganidwa chilumba cha South Georgia, ili zosakwana 1,300 kukafika kum'mawa kwa Falklands. Tsiku lotsatira, Mlembi-General UN anaitanitsa United Ufumu kuleketsa khalidwe la maudani, koma dziko anakana umboni. Falklands nkhondo wapitiriza zinayambira, umangidwa mbali nkhondo m'chigawo cha mphamvu zina.

April 30 United Kingdom linakhazikitsa zilumba wathunthu anatseka misewu ndi sitima zankhondo ndi ndege. Britain anatsimikiza zone nkhondo ndi awiri a 200 mtunda, zomwe sabwera analimbikitsa ngakhale ziwiya zosakhudzana ndi ndege. Malinga ndi malo Argentine mpeni, kuchititsa kuwonongeka ndithu anachititsa ndege, ndege ndi zomangamanga zina.

Njira zina za nkhondo. kugonjetsedwa Argentina ndi

May 2 Britain anali kumizidwa ndi Argentine cruiser General Belgrano, yomwe waphetsa mamembala 323 adalira. Anthu padziko lonse anali kwambiri akwiyitsidwa ndi kuchita izi, kotero makamaka nthawi imene sitima zapamadzi British torpedoed ndi cruiser, iye anali kunja anakhazikitsa wokha ngati UK 200 mtunda utali wozungulira. The Navy Argentine anali anakumbukira kuti zapansi awo ndipo sachita nawonso mkangano.

M'tsogolo, njira yaikulu ya Falklands nkhondo kwapita mu airspace lapansi. June 12 Britain anali anayesetsa matenda akuluakulu Port Stanley, omwe ankaganiza mphamvu yake yaikulu ya Argentina. Falkland nkhondo anali kuimaliza kukonza. Opaleshoni imeneyi kutengela British Asilikali ndi paratroopers, wamphamvu bombardment la mumzinda ikuchitika, zimene zinachititsa kuti anthu wamba ovulala.

Pambuyo Stanley potsiriza atazingidwa ndi magulu a British pakati pa zipani mkangano zinasaina pangano pa asiye-moto. Choncho, June 14 asilikali Argentine linagonja ndipo a British wotanganidwa mzinda. Mu nkhondo imeneyi, mtsogoleri Islands Falkland mmbuyo pansi pa ulamuliro British.

Zotsatira zakambidwa

Chifukwa cha Falklands nkhondo, Britain anataya amuna 258 anaphedwa, 700 anavulala. Argentines anapha anthu 649, oposa 1,000 anavulala, ndipo oposa 11 zikwi Mzinda..

The Falklands Nkhondo ya 1982, imene Argentina anagonja mochititsa manyazi m'tsogolo anali chifukwa cha chiwonongeko kwa junta asilikali, Leopoldo Galtieri. Koma UK, kameneka wopambana nkhondo apindula mwa kuukitsa kukhulupirira nzika zadziko 'mu boma ndi kulola dziko amanena malo ake mu mabungwe.

Momwe zinthu zikusinthira

Argentina ndi UK ubwenzi anakula mu 2010, pambuyo otsiriza wayamba kupanga mafuta pa alumali wa Islands ndi Falkland. Komanso, England waika zilumba asilikali zina mogwirizana ndi zomwe Argentina ali kudzudzulidwa izo, zodzudzula nkhondo derali. Falklands nkhondo ndi mkangano osathetsedwa akadali chifukwa ubale sefani pakati pa maiko awiri.

Mu 2013, Islands Falkland, ndi referendum unachitikira, limene funso analeredwa ngati udindo wawo. Amadziwika kuti 98% amene anafunsidwa kuti kuvotera chisumbu kukhala ndi British kunja Gawo. Komabe, zilumba anthu pafupifupi 3 zikwi. Anthu ambiri a iwo chiyambi British. Argentina, nayenso anati izo kuwazindikira zotsatira za referendum, monga zinachitikadi popanda chilolezo UN. Choncho, dziko ndi tsiku limeneli kugona amati madera awa, kuphatikizapo awo.

Mwatsoka, ngakhale masiku ano pali kutsutsana koteroko, monga Falklands nkhondo. Basi pafupi ambiri a iwo tikudziwa pang'ono. Mwa njira, mu Argentina Islands Falkland zimatchedwa Malvinas.