Russian mabuku a m'zaka za m'ma 20, nthawi mapangidwe, akuluakulu oimira

Mbiri ya mabuku Russian cha m'ma 20 kumayambira 1881. Nthawi Transitional m'zaka za pakati pa akuti ndi zake "zaka siliva" (mu kupitiriza Pushkin a "Golden Age"). Kusintha m'zaka za m'ma 20, ndi zipolowe zikhalidwe ndi njira ya moyo wosiyana sanathe koma bwanji maganizo a anzeru kulenga. Olemba ambiri sanakhutire ndi malongosoledwe ndi kusanthula mavuto, olemba ambiri anayamba kuganiza za mafunso wosatha wa moyo ndi imfa, kuli zabwino ndi zoipa. A zimakhudza kwambiri pa chikhalidwe cha nthawi, anali chipembedzo, mutu chipembedzo chakhala imodzi mwa ntchito zikuluzikulu olemba ambiri. Russian mabuku a m'zaka za m'ma 20 mwatsatanetsatane zinthu zatsopano zakale zomwe simungathe koma ndi chikoka pa izo. Creative anzeru a nthawi amadziwa kuti kusintha kubwera mu moyo wa dziko kotero, mu moyo wawo ndi mosalephera. Ena kudikira iwo ndi chimwemwe ndi chiyembekezo, ena - mantha ndi mantha, amene imafalikira kwa wowerenga pamene kuwerenga ntchito zawo.

Kukwera kwa 1917 ukugawa mabuku Russian nthawi kuti m'magulu awiri: "proletarian" mabuku ndi ntchito za kumayiko Russian. A nthumwi yotchuka ya masika ndi Vladimir Nabokov, ambiri amene ntchito tingathe kuwaona bwino kwawo.

mabuku Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 20 wapereka dziko lathu ndi anthu ambiri, ambiri geniuses mawu. Izi likukhudza kwambiri choyamba kubadwa kwa ndakatulo. Wolemba ndakatulo ya "Silver Age" ndi: Nikolai Gumilyov, Maximilian Voloshin, Anna Akhmatova, Sergei Yesenin, Vladimir Mayakovsky, dzina lake Aleksandr Blok, etc. Mamembala kale mabuku Soviet ali Yesenin ndi Mayakovsky. The anayambitsa otchedwa mabuku odana Soviet amati Alexander Blok, yemwe analemba zaka ndakatulo "khumi".

mabuku Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 20 ukufanizidwa ndi zipilala atatu: Kuzindikira, mabuku avant-garde ndi chimakono, iliyonse ili lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika m'madera angapo. Choncho, chimakono anayambitsa chitukuko acmeism ndi ophiphiritsa. oimira chabwino cha yotsirizira anali: Valery Bryusov, Konstantin Balmont, wotchedwa Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Andrei Bely, Alexander Blok. The adayambitsa Russian acmeism zolembalemba ankaona Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam, Nikolai Gumilyov.

Imodzi mwa madera chidwi kwambiri ndi luso mabuku a m'zaka zoyambirira za m'ma 20 ndi chitsitsimutso cha theka aiwala mitundu chikondi. Zilandiridwenso Aleksandra Grina chodabwitsa wosatha ndege wapamwamba ndi reverie. Ntchito ya antchito chosintha ndakatulo yolembedwa mwapadera, chikondi chatsopano cha proletariat lapansi. Andakatulo Nechayev, Privalov, Tarasov mu nthano zawo, kulira ndi akulowera poeticizes amunamuna ft, kuwonjezera mitundu yowala awo kufotokoza chowala, moto, dzuwa, kapezi m'bandakucha.

Chiyambireni cha Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, ambiri Soviet olemba anaonekera nkhondo. Ntchito nthawi imeneyi zinalembedwa chinenero effervescent, lingaliro lawo lenileni linali kumenyana Fascism. Ndithudi Dziwani ndakatulo kukonda dziko lako la Anna Akhmatova, Tvardovsky, Tikhonov. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, olemba ambiri kutembenukira kwa mtundu wanyimbo mofulumira kwambiri mabuku: essays, nkhani yochepa, malipoti ndi timabuku.

mabuku Russian ya theka lachiwiri la m'ma 20 ukufanizidwa ndi Mitundu angapo, pa mapangidwe amene kunathandiza chachikulu Stalinism, "m'firiji pamtunda", stagnation, perestroika. mabuku Russian wakhala pa njira yake mabvuto, nthawi zina kuona chisamaliro cha boma, nthawi zina kukhala pafupifupi mwathunthu yoletsedwa wake. Masiku ano, mabuku Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 20 anazindikira padziko lonse, ntchito ya olemba Soviet zikawerengedwa kutali kunja, atachotsedwa mafilimu, siteji masewero m'mabwalo. Munthu simunawerenge mu moyo ntchito za Solzhenitsyn, Sholokhov, Bulgakov, indetu anataya zambiri ...