Mafuta ndi zotsatira zake kwa zachuma

Mawu akuti "mafuta" wachita kale mbe mu lotanthauzira mawu a dziko ndi Pamlingo waukulu ngati chizindikiro cha Masiku ano. Lero, mankhwala ali mkati dziko lapansi, pamodzi ndi mnzake wakale - gasi, pafupifupi popanda wopikisana maziko a mphamvu dziko.

Kuopsa kwa vuto ndi anawonjezera kuti nkhokwe zinthu wapadera flammable ndi irreplaceable. Chifukwa cha nkhondo zambiri zakale ndi atumwi pano Umutu ndi kupanga mafuta, zomwe nthawi zina mpikisano lolimba kwa kulimbana zachuma umasanduka kusiyana zida za lonse osiyana ndi mphamvu.

China chirichonse, mu zaka makumi awiri otsiriza chilakolako chifukwa cholephera otchuka ofufuza ambiri mantha m'dera dziko wachisoni Zoneneratu kuti nkhokwe mafuta pa dziko zokwanira pazipita zaka makumi asanu. Koma, ngakhale, lero mafuta kupanga dziko ndi pafupifupi ndi ntchito zake. Ndipo m'matangadza wa mankhwala si overvalued kuganiza watopa.

Nanga izo "fupa la mkangano"? Mafuta, mwa mawu a zimapangidwira, zachilengedwe madzi wochuluka ongokhala chimasanduka zosiyanasiyana osiyana dongosolo maselo, kumene, mosamalitsa kulankhula, zimadalira kalasi "mafuta" ndi mankhwala khalidwe. Mafuta mamolekyulu kungakhale yaitali, nthambi, lalifupi, anatsekedwa mphete kapena Mipikisano mphete mpweya atomu unyolo.

Kuwonjezera mpweya, mafuta mulinso mpweya, sulfure ndi asafe mankhwala. Komabe, zedi ochepa. Okwana gawo la mafuta kungakhale kwa zikwi zigawo zosiyana. Uku mu dongosolo lawo ndi lofunika mankhwala makampani mphamvu amasonkhana mu strata wa miyala porous otchedwa malo.

Best okhometsa chosiyana malo achilengedwe, sandstone formations ali unazunguliridwa mu chigoba cha Anachita thanthwe (yosiyanasiyana clays ndi shales) zomwe kuteteza kutayikira la mankhwala kwa yosungirako zachilengedwezi mafuta. Choncho, m'mikhalidwe yoteroyo ndi mmene ntchito mafuta.

Ndiyamika mowa imathamangira mphamvu ndipo kwambiri transportability, mphatso izi mkati dziko lapansi m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, watenga ndi udindo waukulu ku makampani mphamvu. Ndi chitukuko cha sayansi amalanga mafuta wabweza ntchito lonse pafupifupi muzochitika zones za zochita za anthu.

Ndipotu ina chidwi ndi kuti mtengo wa mafuta kwambiri m'munsi kuposa Mwachitsanzo, malasha. Koma phindu lake mphamvu Choncho yakusatetezeka apamwamba. Zovuta padziko lathuli kupeza mankhwala kuti adzakhala ndi udindo waukulu mu chitukuko cha chitukuko ya "golide wakuda".

Technology mafuta mwachindunji amadalira makhalidwe miyala ya dipo ndi zinthu payekha zofunda mankhwala. Chiyambi cha chitukuko kumunda nthawi zonse poyambirira pa kufufuza ndi kufufuza viability chuma mafuta kupanga. Panopa, kupanga mafuta wochititsidwa ndi kasupe, yamachubu, gazliftovym, komanso njira mawerengeredwe hydrodynamic ndi ena ambiri.