A History Mwachidule mabuku Russian

Mtundu uliwonse kapena mtundu, dziko kapena malo - mbiri yake chikhalidwe. A gawo lalikulu la miyambo yachikhalidwe ndi zipilala mabuku - luso la mawu. Kuti izo zimanyezimiritsa moyo ndi moyo wa mtundu uliwonse makamaka, ndi amene angathe kumvetsa mmene anthu amenewa anakhala ndi moyo kalelo ndipo ngakhale zaka. Kotero, mwina, asayansi amakhulupirira mabuku ofunika kwambiri pa mbiri ndi chikhalidwe chipilala.

History mabuku Russian

Osati yekha, koma ndi chitsimikizo cha pamwamba - anthu Russian. Mbiri ya mabuku Russian kale. Popeza Kubwera kwa chinenero mu Russia wakhala kuposa zaka chikwi. Ofufuza ndi asayansi a m'mayiko ambiri akhala akuphunzira monga chodabwitsa, ndipo chitsanzo momveka bwino wapakamwa luso - wowerengeka ndi wolemba. Achilendo ngakhale mwachindunji kuphunzira Chirasha, ndipo si ndi chophweka!

periodization

Pachikhalidwe, mbiri ya mabuku Russian lagawidwa nthawi zingapo. Ena a iwo ndi nthawi yaitali ndithu. Ena - kwambiri zambiri. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Doliteraturny nthawi

Isanafike kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity (Olga mu 957, Vladimir mu 988) mu Russia panalibe chinenero. Monga ulamuliro, ngati kunali koyenera, tinali ndi Greek, Latin ndi Chiheberi. Kukhala yokwanira bwino, ake akhala, ngakhale mu nthawi wachikunja mawonekedwe a dashes kapena mabala pa timitengo matabwa kapena Tags (otchedwa: maonekedwe, mabala), koma ntchito mabuku pa Yehova waliteteza. Ntchito (nkhani, songs, epics - makamaka) opatsirana pakamwa.

Old Russian

Nthawiyi unachitikira ku 11 m'ma 17 - kwambiri nthawi yaitali. Mbiri ya mabuku Russian nyengo zikuphatikizapo zachipembedzo ndi (mbiri yakale) malemba Kiev, ndiyeno - Moscow Russia. Zitsanzo chidwi za chilengedwe zolembalemba: "The Life of Boris ndi Gleb", "The nthano ya makedzana Zaka" (11-12 atumwi), "Lay," "Nthano ya Mamay", "Zadonshchina" - limafotokoza nyengo ya chinyengo, ndi ena ambiri.

m'ma 18

Izi mbiri yakale nthawi kuitana - "maphunziro Russian". Chifukwa cha ndakatulo Agiriki ndi prose kugona ngati ndiAmene kwambiri ndi ophunzitsa, monga Lomonosov, Fonvizin, Derzhavin ndi Karamzin. Monga ulamuliro, ntchito yawo ndi m'zigawozigawo ndipo si zokhazo wina mabuku, ndi chimafikira kwa sayansi, ndi zina luso. The chinenero mabuku a nthawi imeneyo pang'ono yovuta kumvetsa, chifukwa amagwiritsa mitundu chakale mankhwala. Koma kuti sasiya kutenga zithunzi ndi maganizo a aphunzitsi aakulu nthawi yake. Choncho Lomonosov zonse anafuna kusintha chinenero mabuku, kuchipanga icho chinenero cha nzeru ndi sayansi, kulimbikitsa rapprochement pakati pa chinenero ndi wowerengeka mitundu zolembalemba.

Mbiri ya mabuku Russian kwa zaka za m'ma 19

Nthawiyi mabuku Russian - "Golden zaka." Pa nthawiyi, mabuku, mbiri, Chirasha kuchokera pa dziko lonse. Zonsezi zinachitika chifukwa inde zisinthe ya Pushkin, ngakhale anadzetsa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku wa Chirasha zolembalemba, pamene ife anazolowera maganizo. Griboyedov ndi Lermontov, Gogol ndi Turgenev, Tolstoy ndi Chekhov, Dostoevsky ndi olemba ena ambiri anapanga khola golide. A Zomwe analemba analengedwa ndi iwo, mpaka kalekale analowa mu dziko la chisunzo mawu.

zaka Silver

Nthawiyi ndi m'malo lalifupi Kutalika kwa nthawi - zaka zingapo kuchokera 1890 mpaka 1921. Koma mu nthawi ino yovuta kwambiri ya nkhondo kapena kusintha, pali mphamvu maluwa a ndakatulo Russian, pali zatsopano mtima uli onse. Blok ndi Bryusov, Gumilev ndi Akhmatova, Tsvetaeva ndi Mayakovsky, Yesenin ndi Gorky, Bunin ndi Kuprin - oimira wanzeru kwambiri.

Soviet nyengo ndi masiku ano

Kuyambira kugwa kwa USSR, 1991, kunayamba kumapeto chaka cha nthawi ya Soviet Union. Ndipo kuyambira mu 1991 mpaka pano - nthawi atsopano, amene wapereka kale mabuku Russian ntchito zatsopano ndiponso zosangalatsa, koma molondola kwambiri, mwina adzaweruza obadwa.