Museum of Railway Museum, St. Petersburg: mbiri, mbiri, zochititsa chidwi ndi ndemanga

Bungwe la museum silimangokhala kokha kwa luso. Kuchulukitsa cholowa ndi mbiriyakale ya chitukuko cha mafakitale, magwero a kuyambira kwakukulu komwe kunachititsa kuti dzikoli likhale lamodzi amphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi, komanso ntchito ya maholo a museum ndi malo osungira. Mbiri ya chilengedwe, mapangidwe, kupanga chitukuko cha njanji m'dziko lathu linayamba zaka mazana awiri zapitazo. Zinali bwanji, njira yoyamba, milatho ndi zida zomwe zimawoneka ngati, zimauzidwa ndi Museum of Railway Museum ku St. Petersburg.

Zochitika zoyamba

Museum of Central Railway Transport ya ku Russian Federation ku St. Petersburg pa Sadovaya Street ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zakale zakale zosungiramo zinthu zakale zosungirako mbiri ya sayansi ndi zamaganizo. Cholengedwa chake chinachitidwa ndi Mwini Alexander Woyamba payekha, atatulutsa Manifesto yofananayo. Ilo likuti Institute of the Corps Engineers ikukhazikitsidwa ku Yusupov Palace, kumene makina ndi nyumba zofunika zofunika ku Russia ndi mayiko ena ziyenera kusungidwa. Zitsanzo zoyambirira zinayambira mu 1813. Chiwonetserocho chinali muholo zisanu ndi chimodzi, kumene ziwonetserozo zinasonkhanitsidwa molingana ndi mfundo ya kukhala mbali imodzi kapena mbali ina. Zikalata za zomangamanga, zokopa za misewu, zomangamanga, milatho zinayambanso kusungirako.

Mu 1823, Institute ndi Museum of Railways zinasamutsidwa ku Moskovsky Prospekt. Zowonetsera ndi kufotokozera zinkapezeka kwa ogwira ntchito onse pa sitimayo, kwa anthu onse, maulendo anatsegulidwa mu 1862. Zokonzedwezo zinkakonzanso nthawi zonse, magwero akulu anali mabungwe, mautumiki ndi anthu osayanjanitsika.

Museum yotchedwa Nicholas I

Pakafika zaka 100 za kubadwa kwa Tsar Nicholas I, yemwe adapanga zambiri pa chitukuko cha railway ku Russia, adasankha kukhazikitsa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku St. Petersburg, kumupatsa dzina la mfumu. Chiwerengero cha dzina ndi chiwerengero cha ziwonetsero zofunikira ziyenera chipinda chachikulu. Ntchito yomanga nyumba yatsopano pamtunda wa boma mu munda wa Yusupov inayambika, kotero kuti chipinda chake chinayambika ku Sadovaya Street. Kuwonjezera pa zinthu zokhudzana ndi bizinesi ya sitimayi, nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale ku Russia inasonyezera zinthu kuchokera ku chionetsero choyendetsa madzi ku Russia chomwe chinagwira nawo ku Paris World Exhibition (1901). Cholowa cha chiwonetserochi chikhoza kuwonetsedwa lero m'mabwalo a nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, mwachitsanzo, chitsanzo cha "Peter's Pleasure", "Baikal", zidole ndi zina zotero.

Nyumba yosungiramo zinyumba zatsopano za RZD inatsegulidwa mu 1902, ndipo pofika m'chaka cha 1904 mapiko a nthano ziwiri anaphatikizidwa kuti asonyeze chithunzi cholemera. Zowonjezereka zambiri zinayikidwa pano: ngalawa ya Peter I, komanso ngalawa ya Emperor Alexander II, mabanki a battalion. Mapiko achiwiri anamangidwa mu 1909 ndipo nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale inasamutsidwa, yomwe panthawiyo inali ndi zaka zana limodzi.

Nthaŵi ya Soviet

Revolution ndi Civil War inatsala pang'ono kuwononga nkhokwe yonse ya museum, pokhapokha ndi kuyesayesa kwa okondeka kunali kotheka kusunga pafupifupi chirichonse. Idayamba kugwira ntchito mu 1924, malowa anali ndi zipinda zisanu, zomwe nthawi zonse zinkayang'ana pazochitika za mbiri ya chitukuko.

Pofika m'chaka cha 1934, 11,843 yosungirako zolembera analembetsa ku nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale. Panthawiyi, Museum ya RZD imayambitsa ntchito yokonza nthambi ndi maulendo oyendayenda.

Nkhondo Yaikulu Yopembedza Patsogolo inachititsa kuti kuwonongeka kwakukulu ku nyumba yosungiramo nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale, zonsezi zinatengedwa ku Novosibirsk. Kubwezeretsa kwa nyumbayi ndi ntchito pa chiwonetsero chatsopano chinayambika pambuyo pa kukwezedwa kwa blockade, mu 1944. Chifukwa cha khama la ogwira ntchito, chiwonetsero choyamba chinatsegulidwa m'chilimwe cha 1948, chinakonzedwa ndi Tsiku la Sitimayo pa sitepe ya Central Park.

Udindo wa Central Museum unalandiridwa mu 1987, umene unatsegula mipata yabwino yosonkhanitsa chidziwitso ndi kubwezeretsanso ndalama. Pakadali pano, Museum of Railways imasunga zinthu zoposa 60,000, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zikalata, zilembo, zojambula, zitsanzo, zitsanzo ndi pafupi malo okwana makumi asanu enieni.

Chiwonetsero chopezekapo

The Museum of Railways (St. Petersburg) ikukupemphani kuti muone zochitika zomwe zili muholo zisanu ndi zinayi:

• Nambala 1 ya Hall: "Kubadwa kwa njanji ku Russia." Amayankhula za sitima zoyamba ndi dziko ndi dziko. Mutha kuona zoyamba za mapepala oyambirira, kuyesa kuyika koyambira koyamba. Mwamsanga chitsanzo cha nyumba yoyamba ikuwonetsedwa.
• Nambala ya 2: "Mostostroenie". Pamalo a nyumbayi mungathe kusangalala kwambiri ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya umunthu wa munthu pa ntchito yomanga mlatho kwa RZD. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imapereka zitsanzo zamakono, zowonongeka, konkire, thabwa komanso zojambula zina zambiri.
• Nambala 3 ya "Hall". Nyumba yosungiramo zithunziyi ili ndi zithunzi, zitsanzo zamagalimoto oyambirira ndi ngolo. Zida zoyambirira zimapereka mauthenga pa RZD. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imasunga zolemba zokhudzana ndi nthawiyi, zomwe zingathe kuwonedwa m'mawindo.
• Nambala ya 4: "Sitimayi mu Nkhondo Yaikulu Yopembedza Dziko la 1941-1945." Pakatikati mwa holoyi muli ndi diorama, ndikuwonetsa ntchito yobwezeretsa malo owonongedwa. Zitsanzo za sitima zankhondo zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe ndi Yaikulu Yachikondi ikufotokozedwanso.
• Nambala 5 ya Hall: "Kumanga ndi makina a msewu." Nyumbayi ikuwonetseratu zipangizo zamakono komanso zamakono zomwe zimapangidwira zomangamanga.
• Nambala 6 ya Hall. "Chitsanzo cha mtundu wamakina opangidwa ndi zipangizo zamakina." Zojambulajambulazo ndizothandiza ndi chiyambi ndi nkhani. Nyumba yosungiramo sitima yapamwamba ya Russia yakhala ikuisunga kuyambira mu 1935, yomwe inali sitima ya Krasny Liman (Donetsk). Palinso chitsanzo chogwiritsira ntchito popanga nyumba.
• Nambala 7: Zojambula zamakhalidwe. Chimodzi mwa zochitika zochititsa chidwi. Nyumbayi imakhala ndi nyumba zambiri. Pali mwayi wowongolera njira ya makina kuchoka ku makina opangira. Kuphatikizanso, mndandanda waukulu wa zithunzi zochitika zakale umasonyezedwa.
• Nambala 8 ya Nyumba: "Nyumba yomangamanga." Pano pali kusinthika kwa galimoto, kuyambira pazinthu zoyambirira kupita ku zitsanzo zapadera zogulira mafuta, mowa, nsomba zamoyo, ndi zina zotero. Zochitika zatsopano za akatswiri a ku Russia okwera mofulumira kwambiri ali m'holo.
• Nambala 9 ya Hall: "bungwe la sitima zapamtunda." Nyumba yosungira sitimayo ya Russia imatumiza zida zoyendetsa katundu kuchokera ku malo oyambirira kupita ku makompyuta a nthawi yathu ino. Pano pali pulogalamu yapamwamba (mamita 43 m'litali), kuti mumvetsetse momwe ntchito yotumizira yomwe ikuphatikizapo maofesi anai, ogwiritsa ntchito sitima zamagetsi.

Msika wogulitsa

Pa siteshoni ya "Lebyazhye" October Railway, Museum of Railways inakhazikitsa malo owonetserako malo, omwe angakhudze akulu ndi ana. Pali ziwonetsero 50 zomwe zimayimira malo enieni. Zina mwa izo ndizosiyana komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zosiyana siyana, zimakhala zochitika m'chaka cha 1913, maulendo a dizilo a 1944 ndi ena. Zina mwa nyumbazi zimasungidwa pamalo owonetsera a sitima yapamtunda ya Riga (MSC njanji) komanso pamalo a sitima yapamtunda ya Warsaw (Oct. Railway).

Ndemanga

Kufufuza kwa alendo ku Museum of Railway Museum ku St. Petersburg ndi okondwa kwambiri, makamaka ngati ulendowu unapangidwa ndi abambo ndi ana. Akuluakulu amasonyeza malo ochuluka a malo ogwiritsira ntchito nthunzi zamoto, maulendo, opangira mafano. Kufufuza kwabwino kunapita ku zitsogozo, kumanena za chiwonetsero chirichonse muholo za museum. Alendo adanena kuti chuma chodziwitsa chinakwaniritsidwanso.

Malingaliro olakwika amatanthauza chiwerengero chochepa cha ziwonetsero zomwe zingathe kuwonedwa mkati. Amayi ndi ana a sukulu ya pulayimale ndi zaka zapanyumba amadandaula kuti n'zovuta kukwera zinthu zazikulu.

Koma zonsezi zimakhala zabwino, pafupifupi aliyense akuchenjeza kuti asadutse, koma kuti mupite ndi kukawona zinthu zonse nokha, posachedwa nthawi. RZD Museum,: Sadovaya msewu, nyumba No. 50 (siteshoni yamakilomita Spasskaya, Sadovaya, Sennaya Ploshchad). Mtengo wa matikiti pamasabata ndi 300 ruble, pamapeto a sabata - 400 ruble. Kuchokera kwa ana, ophunzira ndi okalamba.