M'mayiko osauka mu Africa: muyezo wa chikhalidwe cha chuma

Africa ndi chigawo mofulumira kukula. Komabe, mu kontinenti conse ali pafupi dziko kuti kukhala mana ngakhale sizingatisokoneze kwambiri pa dziko lonse. Amatchulidwa mayiko osauka Africa, limene kwa zaka zingapo sanayende chitukuko patsogolo. Pafupifupi theka la anthu Africa amakhala zosakwana dola patsiku. zandale ndi yankhondo yosatha anapanga kuli anthu ambiri kovuta. M'nkhani lero tiona mayiko osauka mu Africa mu mawu a GDP pa munthu (malinga ndi gulu la International Monetary Fund) ndiponso tione chiyembekezo cha chitukuko cha deralo.

Mwachidule za chuma

chuma cha Africa monga malonda, mafakitale ulimi ndi likulu anthu. Monga cha 2012, pafupifupi 1 biliyoni anthu amakhala pano. Total kontinenti 54 limanenera. Khumi ndi awiri a iwo, International Monetary Fund limafotokoza mayiko monga osauka Africa. Komabe, Africa lili angathe kudzachita zikomo chitukuko maziko ake wolemera gwero. Mwadzina GDP wa thililiyoni 1.8 madola US. Kukula posachedwapa mankhwala aakulu m'banja chifukwa ndi kuwonjezeka mu malonda a katundu ndi ntchito. Zikuoneka kuti ndi 2050, GDP kum'mwera kwa Sahara ndi lidzafika US $ 25 thililiyoni. Ndalama lochitira ndi yaikulu kuchepetsa chinthu mu chuma. Koma masiku ano, mayiko ambiri mu Africa ndi mayiko osauka African. Malinga ndi Mapa la World Bank, zinthu akhoza kusintha mwamsanga 2025, pamene ndalama pa munthu mwa iwo lidzafika $ 1,000 pa chaka. Mkulu ziyembekezo kwa m'badwo wamng'ono. Akatswiri onse amadziwa kufunika kokhala ndi ndalama mu moyo chikhalidwe cha deralo.

Mayiko osauka mu Africa

Malinga ndi mlingo wa GDP pa munthu (mu US madola) mu 2014, malo otsikitsitsa ali wotanganidwa ndi States zotsatirazi:

• Malawi - 255.
• Burundi - 286.
• Republic Central African - 358.
• Niger - 427.
• The Gambia - 441.
• Democratic Republic of Congo - 442.
• Madagascar - 449.
• Liberia - 458.
• Guinea - 540.
• Somalia - 543.
• Guinea-Bissau - 568.
• Ethiopia - 573.
• Mozambique - 586.
• Togo - 635.
• Rwanda - 696.
• Mali - 705.
• Burkina Faso - 713.
• Uganda - 715.
• Sierra Leone - 766.
• Comoros - 810.
• Benin - 904.
• Zimbabwe - 931.
• Tanzania - 955.

Monga mukuonera, kuti atseka pamwamba khumi osaukitsitsa Somalia. Dziko ndi ochepa kumbuyo mu malo oyamba mu kusanja, koma tsopano GDP yake pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka. Atseka mndandanda wa Tanzania. Monga mndandanda wa mayiko 24. mayiko ena onse pa Afrika ndi GDP pa munthu pamwamba kukula kwa US $ 1,000. Taonani zina mwa dziko pa mndandanda pamwamba.

Malawi

Izi ndi boma ili kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Malawi - Dziko ndi GDP wotsikitsitsa mu dziko. Anthu oposa theka la anthu ake kukhala osauka. M'mayiko ena ambiri African, Malawi ambiri chivundi mu nyumba boma ndi ena. Ambiri mwa bajeti ya fuko ndi thandizo lina. 35% ya GDP amapereka ulimi, 19% - makampani, 46% - gawo utumiki. Waukulu katundu zinthu ndi fodya, tiyi, thonje, khofi, ndi imports - mankhwala chakudya, mankhwala mafuta ndi magalimoto. malonda zibwenzi Malawi ndi mayiko otsatirawa: South Africa, Egypt, Zimbabwe, India, China ndi United States.

Burundi

boma amadziwika chifukwa cha nkhondo yapachiweniweni kupitirirabe m'gawo lake. Mu mbiri yake sanali munthu yaitali mtendere. Izi zikhoza sikungawononge chuma. Burundi ndi wachiwiri mndandanda wa mayiko osauka mu dziko. Kuwonjezera pa nkhondo zonse izo amatchulidwa mogwirizana ndi kufala kwa HIV / AIDS, katangale ndi kukondera. Pafupifupi 80% ya anthu a boma moyo osauka.

cf

boma anali osalimba mawu andale ndi azachuma kuyambira chiyambi cha ufulu wodzilamulira. Central African Republic wolemera chuma mchere, koma amakhalabe mndandanda wa osauka. Dziko zogulitsa kunja diamondi. Nkhaniyi amapereka 45-55% ya revenues. Ndi dziko wolemera ureniamu, golide ndi mafuta. Koma oposa theka la anthu a ku Central Africa paumphawi. Nthambi zikuluzikulu za chuma cha dziko ndi ulimi ndi nkhalango. Waukulu malonda okondedwa a ku Central African Republic ndi Japan, Korea South, France, Belgium ndi China.

Niger

Pafupifupi 80% ya m'dziko la boma lagona Sahara chipululu. Niger ndi osakhazikika ndale boma zomwe zimakulitsa chivundi ndi upandu. Mavuto ndi udindo wa akazi. The ntchito chuma Niger ndi nkhokwe yaikulu ureniamu. Komanso, pali miyala ya mafuta ndi gasi. Ofooka mbali ndi kudalira yaikulu thandizo lina. zomangamanga dzikoli ndi bwino akupangidwa ndi nkhani zandale amakhalabe ikhoza nyengo zoipa pafupipafupi chilala. Nthambi zikuluzikulu za chuma cha dziko ndi ulimi. Mpatuko ndi makampani ureniamu migodi. Dziko ali otsika Human Development Index.

Liberia

boma ndi malo apadera pa Africa. Mfundo lonse mu mbiri yake. Liberia linakhazikitsidwa ndi anamasulidwa okha ku ukapolo wa anthu akuda. Choncho, dongosolo lake la boma ndi ofanana kwambiri chimene chilipo mu United States. Pafupifupi 85% ya anthu ake kukhala osauka. ndalama zawo pa tsiku zosakwana dola 1. Izi boma chisoni cha chuma chifukwa nkhondo ndi zandale.

Democratic Republic of the Congo

boma ndi waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo ali mmodzi wa mayiko osauka a dziko. Mwambo kwambiri m'mbiri anali nkhondo yachiwiri mu Democratic Republic of Congo, yomwe inayamba mu 1998. Kuti chifukwa chachikulu chitukuko otsika zachuma.

Madagascar

chilumba ili mu nyanja ya Indian Ocean, 250 mailosi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Africa. dziko dera za 1580 kukafika yaitali ndi 570 Km ali Madagascar. Africa monga kontinenti ndi zikuphatikizapo pachilumba cha kapangidwe kake. The nthambi zikuluzikulu za chuma cha Madagascar amaonedwa ulimi, usodzi ndi kusaka. Chiwerengero cha chilumba cha anthu okwana 22 miliyoni. 90% ya anthu kukhala pa ndalama zosakwana madola awiri patsiku.

Ethiopia

Monga takambirana kale, limodzi mwa madera yachangu kukula mu dziko Africa. Ethiopia ndi limodzi mwa mayiko amenewa, mlingo wa kukula kwa chuma chimene ndi yayikulu. Komabe, Zatsala mmodzi wa mayiko osauka pa dziko ndi dziko. About 30% ya anthu kukhala pa dola tsiku kapena zochepa. Komabe, Ethiopia mungathe kwambiri chitukuko mu gawo la ulimi. Pakali pano, anthu onse amene ali alimi ang'onoang'ono. minda Small ali pangozi kusinthasintha m'misika dziko, chilala ndi masoka ena achilengedwe. Tikumbukenso kuti zaka zingapo zapitazo Ethiopia aposa mndandanda wa mayiko osauka. Choncho, zinthu ziliri amasonyeza kusintha kwambiri mfundo za moyo kusiyana ndi kale.

Togo

boma ili mu Africa West. anthu ake ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni 6.7 anthu. The gawo lalikulu la zachuma ulimi. gawo ili ntchito ya anthu ambiri. A mbali yaikulu ya wolowa ndi koko, khofi, thonje. Togo wolemera mchere ndi ndi earner waukulu wa phosphates mu dziko.

Sierra Leone

Chuma cha boma zachokera migodi ya diamondi. Iwo amapanga mbali yaikulu ya wolowa lapansi. Sierra Leone ndi Mlengi waukulu wa titaniyamu ndi bauxite, komanso golide. Komabe, oposa 70% ya anthu amakhala osauka. Mu mkhalidwe zadzadza ndi ziphuphu ndi upandu. wotuluka kwambiri malonda yachilendo ikuchitika kudzera mwa kupatsa ndi kulandira ziphuphu.

Zimayambitsa underdevelopment ndi chiyembekezo

Mavuto a kuchuluka kwa Africa la African Current n'zovuta kufotokoza mothandizidwa ndi ziphunzitso zamasiku ano zachuma. Mwa zifukwa kuvutika kwa anthu ambiri amatchedwa nkhondo mpaka kalekale, kusakhazikika, katangale mukuchitika ndi wankhanza ulamuliro m'mayiko ambiri. Iye zinathandiza kwambiri zikamera wa mavuto panopa ndi Chidani pakati pa US ndi USSR. Pakali pano, osauka maiko Africa kukhala kukuchitika wa backwardness. Ndipo iwo ndi kuopseza dziko lonse, chifukwa mkulu zosiyanasiyana chikhalidwe nthawi zonse kumabweretsa kuchuluka mikangano mu mgwirizano wa mayiko. Ndi umphawi wadzaoneni pano Chili zinthu akumane m'munda wa maphunziro ndi thanzi. Mu dongosolo la GDP mu Africa chimakhala chogwidwa ndi ulimi inefficient ndi migodi. Ndipo ntchito imeneyi ndi mtengo wochepa anawonjezera, amene sangathe kupereka yojambula mu chitukuko cha m'mayiko amenewa. Komanso, mayiko ambiri African ali kwambiri mangawa. Choncho, iwo alibe zinthu zofunikira kuti titsatire yogwira ndondomeko dziko umalimbana chitukuko cha chuma chake. Ikulu vuto la chivundi paliponse. M'zaka za ufulu wa mayiko amenewa chasandulika mwambo. Ambiri ntchito malonda akutsatiridwa yekha pansi mkhalidwe wa ziphuphu. Koma m'kupita likuvutika mapulogalamu yachilendo zinthu umayamba kusintha. M'zaka khumi zapitazi chuma cha Africa anasonyeza kukula khola. Iye anapitiriza kuti, ngakhale mu nthawi ya mavuto azachuma padziko lonse. Choncho, angathe Africa chikuoneka ndi chuma ambiri ndi chidaliro ochuluka.

ziyembekezo chitukuko

Africa lili ndi nkhokwe chachikulu zachilengedwe. Komanso, Africa ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba achinyamata. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kukula mkulu zachuma chingapezeke ndalama ku mbadwo watsopano wa maphunziro. Pamaso pa mfundo woyenera Africa akhoza kukhala mmodzi wa zigawo asonyeza. Pang'onopang'ono, asiya ankamuona ngati kontinenti chiyembekezo. Chifukwa cha kukula ntchito kokhazikika mu zisudzo padziko lonse, pali chikhumbo zimakhudza misika African ndi kulimbikitsa zopangidwa awo pano. Komabe, pamene ambiri m'mayiko dera kukhala abwenzi ofooka malonda. Amadalira kwambiri pa malonda a mphamvu. % 4 a ku Africa moyo pa $ 10 patsiku. zinthu chikuyembekezeka angasinthe kopambana mu 2050. Ndi nthawi ino, mayiko ambiri alowe m'gulu la mayiko ndi ndalama, amakhala. Chinthu chofunika mu bwino m'tsogolo ndi kulimbikitsa anthu opeza. Chofunika kwambiri ndi ntchito ndalama zakunja luso, maphunziro ndi thanzi. Zikuoneka kuti ndi 2060 99% ya anthu lidzadzala ndi Internet burodibandi. Achinyamata - ndi chiyembekezo m'dzikoli. Iwo uli pa bwino mapangidwe awo zimadalira tsogolo la Africa.