M'mayiko osauka mu zachuma

Development wa anthu mu mawu zachuma ndi zovuta m'zigawozigawo ndondomeko kuti umasintha kwambiri kandalama mmene chuma chikuyendera a dziko ndi kulingaliranso kusintha kwa khalidwe la miyoyo ya anthu.

Pali gulu la mayiko malonda a padziko lonse, malinga ndi zimene zimatulutsa maiko otukuka (Sweden, Japan, USA, France, Germany, etc.), The m'mayiko osauka padziko lonse chuma (India, Brazil ndi ena.) Ndipo m'mayiko chuma mu kusintha siteji (Central ndi kum'mawa kwa Ulaya ndi mayiko wakale wa dziko Union, Vietnam, China, Mongolia, ndi ena.). magulu awa a m'mayiko chuma dziko yodziwika ndi magawo wamba ndi zithunzi za chitukuko.

Economic chitukuko cha mayiko munthu N'zovuta kudziwa, zilibe kuthamanga mu mzere woongoka, pa mzere womwewo. Iwo amakhala ndi m'goli, alternating nyengo mavuto ndi kukula kwa kusintha Mkhalidwe ndi kachulukidwe mkati, zochita zabwino ndi zoipa.

Pa maonekedwe a mayiko osiyana anakhudzidwa ndi makhalidwe a chitukuko m'mbiri. Mwachitsanzo, mbali ya chitukuko Latin America ndi Africa ndi stratification awo. Kuti limafotokoza kusintha ozengereza ndi asapita kupanga, chifukwa cha panalibe wina zofunda nyumba zachuma ndi chikhalidwe mu zina zatsopano wachikulire.

m'mayiko osauka chuma masiku ano ndi osiyana ndi chitukuko cha limati m'mbuyo ku mbali ya zachuma ndi chikhalidwe. underdevelopment awo amasonyeza boma la chuma, yodziwika ndi mlingo wochepa wa chitukuko mafakitale ubale zachuma.

Izi akufotokozera mfundo za kufunika GDP pa munthu, dongosolo kwambiri GDP, mlingo wa chitukuko cha sayansi, udindo luso, khalidwe ndi zokolola, etc.

m'mayiko osauka chuma dziko amakhala ndi mbali ziwiri: ambiri mbiri (chomwe chili mu backlog za mtundu umodzi wa chitukuko siyana ena) ndi zamakono (limasonyeza mlingo wochepa wa chitukuko cha mayiko a pa siteji iyi).

m'mayiko osauka, chuma cha padziko lonse ndi wamba mavuto enieni a zachuma ndi chitukuko, anthu kuona chimene chimafuna njira yapadera, zimasiyana ndi ntchito m'mayiko otukuka patsogolo.

m'mayiko osauka, zachuma ndi kulunjika ndi mgwirizano wa mayiko a zachuma. Chifukwa mlingo wochepa kupanga ndi agrarian ndi zopangira specialization m'mayiko amenewa kwambiri za mitundu mafakitale wa West. Choncho, ubale wa subordination zachuma mwachibale kwa masika. kuchita zimenezi ndi khalidwe kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maubwenzi amene kukhazikitsa ndi thandizo m'mayiko osauka ndi olemera chuma, ndale kapena maganizo dera. Mlingo wa subordination (kudalira) zimasiyanasiyana ndi chikhalidwe cha chuma padziko lonse ndi mbali ya chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma a m'mayiko amenewa.

m'mayiko osauka zoona, wosiyana chitukuko cha dongosolo mafakitale ndiponso zachitukuko wawo wonse. Kawirikawiri sanayambebe anapanga amphamvu ndi zisathe anthu wamba ndi mtima wofunitsitsa kusunga mfundo za kuti angapange.

Zinthu zokhudza m'mayiko amenewa unakhazikitsidwa mu dongosolo, chitukuko chosiyana ndi osiyana yamakolo kudzazidwa.

m'mayiko osauka tsopano akukhala kupanga dziko wodzichepetsa kwambiri malo. Iwo mlandu yekha pafupifupi 18% ya okwana GDP dziko ndi za 13,6% wa mafakitale kupanga dziko. Ambiri m'mayiko amenewa ali wolemera anthu ogwira ntchito ndi masoka.

Malinga ndi mlingo wa pa munthu GNP kukhala States anawagawa anthu ndi mkulu (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Hong Kong, Singapore), sing'anga (Africa) ndi otsika (otentha Africa) ndalama.