Mmene anthu ambiri mu chinenero Chinese? chiwerengero imasiyana zoopseza

Chinese ndi chimodzi mwa zilankhulo wamkulu olembedwa mu dziko. Mbiri yake amabwerera osachepera 3 zikwi. Zaka. The zolemba izo anapezeka pa nthawi fulu mthunzi Mafumu Shang (1766-1123 BC. E.).

Mbiri ya kulemba Chinese

Chinese galamala ndi wocheperapo Sumeri Aigupto, koma palibe umboni kuti kutulukira kulemba China anali mu njira analimbikitsa aliyense script mu Middle East. Zitsanzo oyambirira a m'nkhaniyi China fortunetelling malemba pa mafupa ndi zipolopolo. Iwo amakhala ndi funso wamasomphenya yankho. zolembedwazi oyambirira zimasonyeza kuti mu masiku oyambirira a chitukuko, izo zinali zochokera pictograms. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "ng'ombe" zinasonyeza mutu wa nyama, ndi "pitani" - chithunzi cha phazi.

Koma pakapita nthawi, kulemba Chinese lasintha ambiri, ndi kale pa nthawi ya Mafumu Han (206 BC -.... 220 AD), izo wataya zambiri descriptiveness ake. otchulidwa Modern inakhazikitsidwa pa III ndi IV zaka N. e. N'zosadabwitsa, koma pambuyo pake iwo pafupifupi sanasinthe. Kuwonjezera mitundu muyezo, palinso ndi mipukutu ochepa. The tsaoshu ambiri ndi Xingsheng. Mtundu woyamba ndi zovuta kuwerenga kwa anthu amene alibe maphunziro apadera. Xingsheng ndi mtundu wa kunyalanyaza pakati pa liwiro lalitali ndi tsaoshu muyezo script. fomu iyi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito China ano.

Mmene anthu ambiri mu chinenero Chinese?

Kuimira lililonse dictionary morpheme, ndi Chinese ntchito limodzi chosiyana khalidwe. Anthu ambiri otchulidwa ndi mabaibulo phokoso zinazi amene ali ndi tanthauzo olembedwa. Ngakhale kuti kulemba dongosolo zosiyanasiyana pa nthawi chifukwa kusintha ndi mikangano yandale, mfundo zake, pamodzi ndi zilembo kukhala kwakukulukulu chimodzimodzi.

Choncho mmene anthu ambiri mu chinenero Chinese? Ngakhale chiwerengero chawo Akuti mu makumi a zikwi (mwachitsanzo, dictionary "Zhonghua tszyhay" lili oposa 85 zikwi. Logograms), ambiri a iwo okha malemba zakale lovuta spellings mawu omwewo. Large dictionary zambiri lili 40 chikwi. Zizindikiro ndi kuwerenga manyuzipepala ndi kokwanira kuti ndidziwe 2-3 zikwi. Zizindikiro.

Choncho yankho la funso la zilembo angati m'chilankhulo cha Chinese, malingana ndi chimene iwo anakhulupirira. Ngati inu ntchito njira kuti ntchito China, chiwerengero chawo ndi zingakhale zopanda malire komanso chiwerengero cha zotheka spellings bzgranichno, njira zina ndi zolakwa typographical.

Ngakhale kuti pali zambiri m'zilembo Chinese, ndi chinenero ndi mtundu wamba kulankhulana. Ngakhale anthu samamvetsa kuti anthu a m'zigawo zina, amatha "kulankhula" ndi pensulo ndi pepala. kulemba Chinese akhoza kugawidwa mu magulu atatu: Anasintha, Traditional ndi Phonetic. Komanso, pali mtundu wotchedwa "Pinin", kuimira galamafoniyo Chinese makalata Latin.

Chinese Zilembo

Chinese kulemba dongosolo alibe zilembo wopangidwa mwa zizindikiro kwa kufala kwa mayunitsi kulira, kapena phonemes. M'malomwake, imakhala ya zizindikiro Logos, ndiwo mayunitsi tanthauzo kapena morpheme (ie. E. Mawu). Monga mu zilankhulo zina, mu Chinese pali mawu ambirimbiri. Choncho, dongosolo kulemba amafuna zikwi zizindikiro kuimira aliyense morpheme awo wapadera.

Polemba otchulidwa osiyana ntchito "zilembo" chinenero Chinese, ongokhala 12 zofunika zojambulajambula. Ena otchulidwa muli mizere kamodzi kapena kawiri kokha, pamene ena mpaka 84. Ngakhale mipata pakati pa zilembo Chinese ndi ndondomeko popeza mapeto a XIX m'ma kulemba dongosolo anali wodzilemekeza ndi ena zizindikiro zazikulu zopumira. Mwachitsanzo, mabwalo dzenje cha kutha kwa ziganizo, ngati koma, modabwa ndi zizindikiro funso.

mawu Chinese otchulidwa poyamba akuonetsedwa anthu, nyama kapena zinthu, koma zaka zambiri anayamba stylized osatinso amafanana likuimira. Ngakhale kulibe mozungulira 56 zikwi, ambiri a iwo omwe sakudziwika kwa mmene wowerenga -. M'pofunika kudziwa kulemba 3,000 okha a iwo. Mwina chithunzi ichi ndi yoona monga kuyankha mafunso angati otchulidwa Chinese.

logograms chosavuta

Vuto la kuphunzitsa zikwi za anthu otchulidwa mu 1956 zinachititsa kuti chakuti kulemba zilembo Chinese wakhala wosalira. Motero, anthu pafupifupi 2,000 logograms zosavuta kuwerenga ndi kulemba. Iwo akuphunzira makalasi Chimandarini Chinese kunja. zizindikiro izi ndi chosavuta, i.e. zochepa ndi zinthu likutipatsa kuposa ochiritsira.

otchulidwa chosavuta wakhalapo kwa zaka mazana, koma anatiika m'gulu la script pokhapokha kukhazikitsidwa kwa PRC mu 1950, kuonjezera lolemba la anthu. logograms chosavuta amagwiritsa otchuka m'nyuzipepala "Daily anthu", iwo ntchito omasulira ndi kanema uthenga. Komabe, anthu amene ali bwino olembedwa, mwina simukudziwa Baibulo chikhalidwe.

dongosolo ndi muyezo mu China (kupatula Hong Kong) ndi Singapore, ndi Traditional Chinese apitiriza kukhala muyezo wa Hong Kong, Taiwan, Macau, Malaysia, Korea, Japan komanso m'mayiko ena.

kulemba phonetic

Kulankhula Chikantonizie analenga dongosolo lawo la zizindikiro phonetic. zizindikiro zimenezi zimagwira ntchito Kuwonjezera otchulidwa chikhalidwe Chinese Mwachitsanzo, mu okhala kapena zigawo zosangalatsa za manyuzipepala ndi magazini. Nthawi zambiri zilembo izi sichingapezeke mu dikishonare. logograms Mwamwayi ntchito kufala kwa Chikantonizie.

Pinyin

Pofuna kuti chinenero Chinese kwambiri kumvetsa Western China anakamba "pinyin" dongosolo. Kusamutsa mawu limagwiritsa ntchito zilembo Latin. Mu 1977, akuluakulu a Chinese adzipangira pempho ofunda ku United Nations mayina a malo lawolawo ku China ntchito pinyin dongosolo. Pinyin ntchito ndi anthu amene ali bwino zilembo Latin ndi kuphunzira kulankhula Chinese.