Monga munthu akukonzekera: mawonekedwe akunja ndi mkati mwa thupi la munthu

Kodi munthuyo amagwira ntchito bwanji? Kwa ana, yankho la funso ili silikhala lophweka. Ndipo kwenikweni kuti mumvetse njirayi yovuta - ndi zina zotero. Koma chirichonse mu thupi laumunthu chimadalira zochitika zinazake.

Thupi la Thupi

Thupi la munthu limakonzedwa motani? Mwamuna ndi zamoyo zambiri. Kuchokera pambali ya msonkho, ndi nthumwi ya mtundu wa Chordov. Pa sitepe ya kukula kwa embryonic, wapanga chophimba, neural tube ndi gill slits mu pharynx. Kukulitsa, amasandulika mafupa, kupweteka ndi ubongo, ndi ziwalo za kupuma zimakhala mapapu. Mofanana ndi zinyama zonse za mamamia, munthu amadyetsa ana ake ndi mkaka, ali ndi zilonda zamatsenga, zamoto ndi zowonongeka, tsitsi ndi zikopa zamkati.

Kodi munthu amagwira ntchito bwanji? Thupi lake liri ndi maselo omwe amaphatikizana mu makoswe. Chiwonongeko chakumapeto kwake, chimapanga ziwalo. Komabe, aliyense payekha sangathe kuchita ntchito zovuta za kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zofunika. Choncho, ziwalo zimagwirizanitsidwa kuti zikhale zamoyo komanso zogwirira ntchito.

Zizindikiro za maselo a nyama

Maselo a thupi la munthu ali ndi mawonekedwe a nyama. Iwo ali eukaryotic, popeza ali ndi phokoso. Kachilombo kameneka kamene kamakhala ndi mauthenga a majini omwe ali m'mamolekyu a DNA. Mwa mtundu wa zakudya zomwe munthu ali ndi heterotroph. Pachifukwa ichi, maselo ake alibe masamba obiriwira a chloroplasts, omwe amachititsa kuti photosynthesis ichitike. Mankhwala aakulu ndi mitochondria, mazysosomes, malo a Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoskeleton ndi centrioles.

Momwe munthu amagwirira ntchito: mitundu yambiri ya matupi a thupi

Magulu a magulu omwe ali ndi umodzi wogwirizana ndi ntchito amatchedwa ziphuphu. Mu thupi laumunthu, mitundu inayi ya tizilombo timadziwika:

1. Kutuluka kwa mpweya - kuli ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono, pafupi kwambiri. Amapanga chivundikiro cha thupi, ziwalo zamkati, mitundu yapadera ndizo maziko a glands. Zilibe mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Matenda a epithelial amachita ntchito yotetezera ndi chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe.

2. Kugwirizanitsa - ndi maziko omwe ziwalo za anthu zimapangidwira. Lili ndi maselo akulu omwe ali mu chiwerengero chachikulu cha mankhwala a intercellular. Mitundu yake ndi fupa, cartilaginous, mafuta, magazi.

3. Muscular - ili ndi zida zomwe zimatha kupanga. Amagwira ntchito ya kayendetsedwe ka ziwalo ndi ziwalo zonse mlengalenga.

4. Nkhawa - imapangidwa ndi neuroni ndi njira zambiri zomwe zimafalitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chidziwitso, kupereka thupi ndi dziko lozungulira.

Ziwalo za anthu ndi machitidwe: maonekedwe a bungwe

Chiwalo chilichonse chimakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya minofu. Mwachitsanzo, mtima umapangidwa ndi minofu ya minofu yomwe ili ndi mitsempha yothandizira. Koma thupi lalikulu kwambiri limaonedwa ngati khungu. Pambuyo pake, malo ake onse ndi 2 mita mamita. Nchifukwa chiyani khungu liri chiwalo? Chifukwa chimapangidwa ndi zida zingapo: epithelial and connective.

Kuti mumvetse momwe munthu wapangidwira, m'pofunika kudziŵa bwino lingaliro la dongosolo la ziwalo. Zitsanzo za nyumba zoterezi zimadziwika kwa aliyense: kudya, kusakaniza ... Mmodzi mwa iwo ndi gulu la ziwalo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito imodzi. Taganizirani izi za thupi la munthu mwatsatanetsatane.

Musculoskeletal system

Ndondomekoyi ndi phunziro loyambirira pa zomwe zimachitika. Thupi laumunthu liri bwanji? Choyamba, chimachokera ku mafupa. Imayimilidwa ndi madera ambiri. Awa ndi mafupa a mutu, thunthu, malamba ndi mathero apamwamba ndi apansi. Mosiyana ndi zinyama zina, chifukwa cha munthu yemwe ali wolungama. Kukhoza kusuntha kumaperekedwa ndi minofu yomwe imagwirizana ndi mafupa mothandizidwa ndi mitsempha.

Kupuma ndi ma circulation

Timapitiriza kuganizira mmene thupi la munthu limakhazikitsira. Kukhalapo kwake sikungatheke popanda kusinthanitsa mpweya. Ntchitoyi imaperekedwa ndi machitidwe awiri kamodzi. Kutupa kumayimiridwa ndi mpweya ndi mapapo. Atapuma, amapeza mpweya wa mpweya. Kuchokera ku mapulaneti, mpweya uwu umalowa mumitsuko yaying'ono kwambiri ya capillary. Ndi kutuluka kwa magazi m'magulu onse a thupi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mpweya wa carbon dioxide umayenda, womwe umachotsedwanso m'thupi kudzera m'mapapu.

Ndondomeko ya ziwalo zakuthambo imayimiridwa ndi mtima ndi zitsulo zinayi: zipangizo, ma capillaries ndi mitsempha. Mtundu wa dongosolo lino mwa munthu watsekedwa, chifukwa magazi mu thupi lake sagwirizana ndi mchere, koma amangozungulira mkati mwa zombo.

Chidutswa cha digestive ndi excretory

Moyo wa munthu sungatheke popanda kagayidwe ka maselo ndi chilengedwe. Kudyetsa, cleavage ndi kuyamwa kwa zakudya zimapangidwa ndi chimbudzi. Kodi thupi laumunthu, komanso makamaka ziwalo za ziwalozi? Zimayimilidwa ndi m'kamwa, phokoso, m'mimba, m'mimba, m'matumbo aang'ono ndi aakulu, omwe amatsegulidwa ndi kutsegula kwa ana. Izi ndi dongosolo la kupweteka kwa chakudya mwa mtundu woyenera. Koma kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito zake sikungatheke popanda matenda apadera, omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiwononge zinthu zosavuta. Izi zimaphatikizapo zofiira zam'mimba, ziphuphu ndi chiwindi.

Njira yamakono imayimiridwa ndi impso, ureters, chikhodzodzo chowongolera kunja kutsogolo kwa ngalande. Ndi chithandizo chake, thupi limachotsa madzi owonjezera, salt ndi mankhwala oopsa a metabolism.

Mbali za kapangidwe ka njira yobereka

Taganizirani momwe munthu amakonzera mwa ntchito yobereka. Iye ndi thupi lachilengedwe lokhala ndi feteleza mkati. Mtundu wa chitukuko ndichindunji. Njira zonse zokhudzana ndi kugonana zimayimilidwa ndi glands, mazira ndi maselo. Komabe, ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Mwa amuna, awa ndi mayeso, mazira awo ndi magetette aang'ono apamwamba ndi spermatozoa. Maselowa nthawi zonse amakhala othandiza komanso amatha kupanga umuna.

Mchitidwe wa kubala wazimayi umayimilidwa ndi mazira omanga, oviducts ndi osasinthasintha, gametes kwambiri. Kwa feteleza, amafunika kuchoka ku ziwalo zoberekera ku uterine chubu. Izi zimachitika pokhapokha panthawi inayake ya kusamba, yomwe imatchedwa kuvunda. Pamene ma gametes akuphatikizana, zygote amapangidwa. Amagawanika pang'onopang'ono amapanga mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, omwe amatha kukhala chipatso. Kukula kwachitsulo kamene kamatulutsa mimba kumapereka chitetezo chodalirika chamoyo panthawi ya mimba ndi mphamvu mu miyezi yoyamba ya moyo.

Mbali za dongosolo la manjenje la munthu

Munthu yekha ndi biosocial kukhala. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kukula kwa kayendedwe ka mantha. Zimapangidwa ndi msana wa msana ndi ubongo, komanso ubongo wa mitsempha womwe umasiya iwo. Munthu amabadwa ndi zida zina zosasinthika ndi zozizwitsa. Komabe, panthawi ya moyo wake, zomwe adazipeza zimapangidwanso. Kodi ubongo waumunthu uli bwanji? Zovuta kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi zovuta zina. Zimasiyanitsa chiwerengero cha cerebral cortex ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha convolutions, chomwe chimachulukitsa malo ake. Kwa munthu yekha ndizo malingaliro ndi malingaliro opanda nzeru. Amakhala mumtundu wa anthu ndipo amamvera malamulo a chikhalidwe.

Ulamuliro wa ntchito

Mwachibadwa, mu dongosolo lovuta, malamulo a ntchito ndi ofunikira. Izi zimachitika panthawi imodzi. Mothandizidwa ndi dongosolo lamanjenje, thupi la munthu limalandira zambiri zokhudza kusintha kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimayankha kwa iwo. Mwa njira zambiri izi zimachitidwa ndi machitidwe owonetsa. Munthu ali ndi zisanu. Masomphenya, kugwira, kununkhiza, kumva ndi kutha kuzindikira fungo. Akatswiri ena amasiyanitsa chinthu china, chomwe chimatchedwa "mphamvu ya chisanu ndi chimodzi," kapena intuition. Komabe, palibe kapangidwe kapenanso kayendedwe ka dongosolo lino komwe kanapezedwa ndikufotokozedwa kwa wina aliyense. Chikopa cha chitetezo chamkati, kumasulidwa m'magazi a zinthu zapadera - mahomoni, kuyendetsa njira za kukula, chitukuko ndi homeostasis. Lingaliro limeneli limatanthauza kusunga chilengedwe cha mkati.

Ndi momwe thupi la munthu limagwirira ntchito. Ndi njira yovuta yomwe imaphatikizapo maselo, matenda, ziwalo ndi machitidwe awo. Zonsezi zimakhala ndipamwamba kwambiri ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka zamanjenje ndi zamatsenga.