Moscow, Museum ya Darwin. Zosungiramo zosungiramo zosungira ku Moscow Nyumba ya Museum ya Darwin, Moscow, mitengo

Olemera kwambiri m'makonzedwe osiyanasiyana, maofesi, mawonetsero ndi vernissages likulu la dziko lathu la Moscow. Nyumba yosungiramo nyumba ya Darwin, yomwe ili m'nyumba yokongola yamakono, ili ndi mbiri yochititsa chidwi yomwe idakhazikitsidwa, yomwe imagwirizana ndi dzina la Doctor of Biological Sciences, Pulofesa Alexander Fedorovich Kotts, yemwe anayambitsa ndi woyang'anira wa Museum of Darwin.

Woyambitsa nyumba yosungirako zinthu zakale

Tsiku limene maziko a chiwonetserocho ndi 1907 - nthawi yomwe AF Kotts adayitanidwa kukhala wothandizira Dipatimenti ya Zachilengedwe ku Maphunziro a Akazi Apamwamba a Moscow ndipo adasonyezeratu kuti adasonkhanitsa zinyama ndi zokonzekera monga zothandizira. Izi zikutengedwa kuti ndi tsiku la kubadwa kwa musemu wamtsogolo. Mu 1913 msonkhanowo, woperekedwa ndi AF Kotsom, unayamba kutchedwa Museum of the Evolutionary Theory of Moscow Higher Women's Courses. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mkazi wa sayansi, Nadezhda Ladygin, akufotokozera malingaliro a mwamuna wake kwathunthu, anamupatsa dowry kuti abwezeretsenso zowonongeka ndi ziwonetsero zatsopano.

Mmodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri nthawi zonse

M'zaka za m'ma 1920, katswiri wina wamasayansi adalumikiza m'mabungwe angapo a maphunziro ndi ntchito ya mkulu wa Moscow Zoo ndi nyumba yake yosungiramo zinthu zakale, yomwe mu 1922 inamanga nyumba yake. M'zaka zimenezo, zipatala zambiri za maphunziro zinatsegula Moscow. Nyumba yosungiramo nyumba ya Darwin yotsutsana ndi chikhulupiliro chakuti Mulungu alibe chikhalidwe ndizofunikira kwambiri. Iye analibe kanthu. Nthawi zatsopano za chiwonetserocho zinabwera mu 1995, pamene anasamukira ku nyumba yomangidwa malinga ndi zofunikira zonse zamakono. Madera akuluakulu akukhala ndi masauzande ambirimbiri. Musadziŵe zomwe Moscow angakondwere nazo . Nyumba yosungirako zinthu za Darwin, ndalama zake ndi zofotokozera ndizokulu kwambiri ku Ulaya.

Yaikulu kwambiri ku Ulaya

Amanena kuti kuti adziŵe zochitika zonse, sipadzakhala zokwanira kwa mwezi umodzi. Bungweli limatchedwa museum-yunivesite, njira ya ogwira ntchito ndi udindo wa bungweli ndi lovuta kwambiri. Maulendo ambiri amagawidwa m'magulu anayi ndi magulu a zaka. Ziphunzitso zimatsimikiziridwa ndi sayansi, koma zimaperekedwa mu mawonekedwe osangalatsa, makamaka kwa ana osapitirira zaka 10. Zitsogoleredwe zimawonekera pazitsulo zoyenera pa phunzirolo, mwachitsanzo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi zina zotero. Zotsatira zotsatirazi ndi: ophunzira a sekondale, ophunzira a sekondale ndi akuluakulu. Ulendo uliwonse uli ndi njira yake yokonzekera bwino. Kuwonjezera pa holo yaikulu, momwe maphunziro onse amayamba, pali zipinda zambiri zamkati. Amaperekanso chitukuko cha akatswiri a zoologist. Zochitika zambiri pa chiphunzitso cha kusinthika ndi Moscow. Nyumba yosungirako nyumba ya Darwin imakhala yotchuka kwambiri, yomwe ili ndi malipiro ambiri.

Wokongola, wokondweretsa, wamakono, wotsika mtengo

Chiwonetserochi chili mu nyumba yaikulu pa msewu wa Vavilov, nyumba 57. Ponena za malo omwe alipo komanso kukula kwake, Museum Museum ya Darwin ndi yachiwiri kwa Polytechnic. Nyumba yokongolayi ikugwirizanitsidwa ndi ndime ya pansi pa nthaka ndi malo ena owonetserako, omwe amachitikirapo mosiyanasiyana. Nyumba yosungiramo nyumba ya Darwin (Moscow) ili ndi mitengo yambiri ya demokarasi: pakhomo la nyumba yaikulu ya anthu akuluakulu imakhala ndi ndalama zokwana 200 rubles, zovuta zonyamulira - mpaka 90 rubles. Ana ndi omasuka. Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakaleyi imatengedwa kuti ndi yamakono kwambiri ku Moscow. Zonsezi zikufotokozedwa ponena za chiyambi cha zamoyo, kusinthika kwa kukula kwawo ndi kukhazikika kwawo pa dziko lapansi, komanso za chiphunzitso cha Charles Darwin. Pakati pa zikwizikwi za ziwonetsero pali zinyama zambiri zowonongeka, ndi oimira nyama ochokera kumbali zonse za Dziko lapansi. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zonse pamakhala masamba akuluakulu pafupi ndi ndalama. Ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi .

Peyala ina

Mawu okondweretsa kwambiri akuyenera Nyumba ya Paleontological Museum ku Moscow. Silipanda kanthu ndipo chili mu nyumba yomangidwa bwino, zitseko zomwe zinatsegulidwa mu 1987. Kuphatikizanso, izi zazikulu kwambiri zowonetserako ndi mbali yofunikira kwambiri, imodzi mwazitsogozo za Paleontological Institute ya Russian Academy of Sciences. Mu nyumba yosungiramo zinyumba pali ziwonetsero zochokera ku Kunstkamera Peter I. Kusonkhanitsa kwa mafupa a nyama zam'mbuyomu, yomwe inasonkhanitsidwa ndi mfumu, nthawi ina inasamukira ku Mineral Cabinet ya Academy of Sciences, kumene, mwachibadwa, inadzaza ndi zojambula zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zinachititsa mu 1925 Geological Museum. Ndalama zake zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndipo zinkafunika kugawidwa kukhala zosiyana. Malingalirowa anali ovundukuka kumbuyo kumbuyo kwa zaka za m'ma 1930, polojekiti yosungiramo nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale idakonzedweratu yomwe inakwaniritsa zofunikira za nthawiyo, koma nkhondo ndi kuchotsedwa kwapadera kwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Alma-Ata zinalepheretsa.

Kukonzanso kwa nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale

Ndipo kuyambira pakati pa zaka zapitazi kwazaka 20, asayansi ndi omanga mapulani apeza ndalama zoperekedwa ndi boma kuti pakhale Paleontological Museum. Pogwiritsa ntchito kubwezeretsa kwawo, pamodzi ndi antchito otsogolera ndi okonza mapulani, adziwongolera ojambula ndi ojambula nyama ku likulu lawo. Ntchito yomanga nyumbayi inakonzedwa ndi gulu lotsogolera Yu P. Platonov. Chotsatiracho chinali chokongola - kumanga njerwa zofiira ndizodziwika, zokongola ndipo zikufanana ndi chitetezo chamkati chamkati. Bwaloli lazunguliridwa ndi madera anayi owonetserako, omwe ali okongoletsedwa ndi nsanja yokhalamo. Mudziko mulibe chinthu chonga icho. Nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale zomwe tazitchula pamwambazi zimagwirizana, chifukwa palelology ndi sayansi ya zamoyo zomwe zinakhalapo nthawi zosiyanasiyana , ndipo zowonetserako zofananazi zikuwonetsedwanso mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale za Darwin.

Chilichonse kwa Muscovites

Ndalama yapaderayi ya Museum of Paleontological Museum sizochepa kuposa zokongoletsera zake - zitsulo za ceramic ndi zopangira nyali zamkuwa zimagwedeza malingaliro.

Tikiti yopita ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale imakhala ndi miyala 100 - ndipo izi zimapangitsanso chidwi chake. Pogwiritsa ntchito Street Profsoyuznaya 123, malo osindikizirawa amakopeka ndi a Muscovite achinyamata chifukwa chakuti bwalo la paleontological wakhala likugwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri.

Malo osungiramo zosungiramo zosungira ku Moscow amaimira mndandanda wodabwitsa kwambiri - oposa 3. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, pa Lamlungu lachitatu la mwezi uliwonse, nyumba zambiri za museum zimagwirira ntchito kwaulere. Malo osungira zachigawo ku Moscow amakhalanso ndi masiku awo apadera okayendera. Ndipo tsopano ku Russia zonse zikuchitika ndi "usiku wa Museums", pamene onse amagwira ntchito kwaulere.