Mwachidule yonena za Schumann

Wambiri Schumann - lalikulu German Wolemba - monga moyo wa munthu aliyense wotchuka, ndipo anadzazidwa ndi chidwi, oseketsa nkhani ndipo analemba zomvetsa chisoni tsoka. Chifukwa Schumann sanakhale limba katswiri unyamata wake monga maloto, chifukwa iye anali kusankha njira ya Wolemba wina? Bwanji thanzi maganizo, ndi imene inatha moyo wake wolemba otchuka?

Wolemba Schumann (mbiri): ubwana ndi unyamata

Schumann anabadwa pa June 8, 1810 ku Germany. kunyumba tawuni malo Zwickau. Bambo wa wolemba m'tsogolo ndi mabuku, munthu sanali osauka, choncho ankafuna kupereka mwana wake maphunziro abwino.

Mnyamata ali ana anasonyeza luso la zolembalemba - pamene Robert anali mu sukulu ya galamala, kuwonjezera chakuti kulemba ndakatulo, masewero ndi Comedy, ngakhale bungwe zolembalemba bwalo lawo. Mothandizidwa wolemba German-sentimentalist Jean Paulo mnyamata ngakhale analemba buku zolembalemba. Ndi mfundo zonsezi yonena za Schumann mwina kunapezeka mosiyana - Mnyamatayo ankakhoza bwino kutsatira mapazi a bambo wake. Koma dziko la nyimbo ndi Robert nkhawa kwambiri kuposa ntchito zolembalemba.

Schumann, amene mbiri ndi ntchito pa moyo wake anali mwamphamvu zogwirizana ndi luso la nyimbo, analemba woyamba chidutswa cha nyimbo mu zaka khumi. Mwina anali chizindikiro choyamba kuti kuunika Wolemba wina wamkulu.

Robert Schumann (lalifupi yonena): ntchito limba

Shuman anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi akuimba limba ali aang'ono. nyama yake ndi chidwi kwambiri limba Moscheles ndi Paganini. Mnyamatayo anayamba kuyesa kukhala instrumentalist katswiri ndipo sanali chisoni mphamvu.

Choyamba, wolemba tsogolo anatenga maphunziro ku limba Kunshta. Motsogozedwa ndi mphunzitsi wake woyamba mnyamatayo anayamba kulenga nyimbo zawo - makamaka zina zachidule. Pambuyo kudziŵa bwino ntchito ya Shuberta Robert analemba angapo nyimbo.

Komabe, makolo kunena kuti mwana wawo anali ndi maphunziro aakulu, choncho Robert anapita ku Leipzig kuphunzira kuti akhale wodziwa malamulo. Koma Schumann, amene yonena anaonekera, sizikanatheka osiyana, izo akadali kukopedwa nyimbo, kotero akupitiriza limba motsogoleredwa ndi aphunzitsi atsopano - Friedrich Wieck. Last ankakhulupirira moona mtima kuti wophunzira wake kuti akhale walimba kwambiri katswiri mu Germany.

Koma Robert kwambiri motentheka akwaniritse cholinga chake, kotero overdone ndi ntchito - udachita tendons Tambasula ndipo anati tiwonana ku ntchito ya limba.

mapangidwe

Monga tanena Schumann anaphunzira za malamulo pa yunivesite ya Leipzig, ndiyeno pa Heidelberg. Koma loya Robert ndipo sanali ankaona nyimbo.

Yambani ankalemba

Robert Schumann, amene mbiri pambuyo zifukwa wonse odzipereka Wolemba wina, osalephera, odandaula zimene sadzakhoza zija wake wokhala ndi walimba wotchuka. Khalidwe la wachinyamata anasintha - sanali kulankhulalankhula kwambiri, kwambiri osatetezeka, anasiya nthabwala ndi kusewera anzanu mwamsanga pamene iye anali kuchita izo. Kamodzi, monga mnyamata, Schumann anapita shopu zoimbira ndi mwanthabwala anayambitsa Chingerezi mbuye Chamberlain, yemwe anamuuza kuti asankhe limba nyimbo. Robert kumenya pa zida zonse mtengo mu kanyumba, motero zoseketsa kuonelela ndi ogula. Chifukwa, Schumann anati iye nkupereka mwini wake wa okonzera ayankhe masiku awiri kenako kugula, ndipo ngati kanthu zinachitika anapita ku mzinda wina bizinesi.

Koma mu 30 ntchentche. ntchito limba anali kunena tiwonana, ndipo mnyamatayo anadzipereka kwathunthu kwa chilengedwe cha nyimbo. Basi nthawi imeneyi ndi heyday wa zilandiridwenso analilemba.

Features nyimbo

Schumann ntchito m'nyengo Achikondi ndipo, ndithudi, umaonekera pa ntchito yake.

Robert Schumann, amene yonena anadzazidwa ndi lingaliro la nazo, maganizo analemba nyimbo kutali amajambulapo maluwa okongola folklore. Schumann - ndi chinthu "payekha". nyimbo zake zimasintha kwambiri, amene amasonyeza umunthu yogawikana, amene pang'onopang'ono inagwa kudwala wopeka nyimbo. Schumann, ndipo sanabise chakuti chikhalidwe chake ndi achilendo duality.

chilankhulo amafunika ntchito zake ndi zovuta kuposa kuti a m'nthawi yake. Mungoli ntchito ndi Schumann kwambiri whimsical ndi ayi. Koma sanaleke wolemba kupambana kutchuka anthu kotero kuti safanana naye.

Tsiku lina akuyenda paki Wolemba mluzu yekha phunziro la "Carnival." Mmodzi wa odutsa anamupatsa papepala kuwauza kuti ngati mulibe kumva imfa, si "portte" ntchito wolemekezeka wopeka nyimbo.

Zina mwa ntchito otchuka wolemba kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• m'zinthu chikondi "ndakatulo Chikondi," "Circle la Songs";
• m'zinthu limba "agulugufe", "Carnival", "Kreisleriana" neri Al.

nyimbo pepala

Schumann, amene mwachidule yonena kuti alibe maphunziro mabuku, sanafooke zowawa zake ndi luso ngati wolemba ntchito ya utolankhani. Mothandizidwa ndi anzake ambiri kugwirizana ndi dziko la nyimbo, Schumann maziko a "New nyimbo nyuzipepala" mu 1834. Pa nthawi chasanduka buku zodziwitsa ndi wotchuka kwambiri. Wolemba analemba nkhani zambiri kwa buku lake. Iye analandira nyimbo yatsopano onse, kotero thandizo la analemba wamng'ono. Mwa njira, Schumann ndi oyamba kuzindikira talente ndi Chopin analemba nkhani osiyana ulemu wake. Schuman komanso mothandizidwa ndi Liszt, Berlioz, Brahms ndi Oimba ena ambiri.

Nthawi zambiri mu mapepala ake kuti ngwazi za nkhani yathu tinali atangokanidwa ambiri nyimbo otsutsa amene ndemanga unflattering za ntchito yake. Schumann komanso "sanali 'ndithu mu mzimu wa nthawi, chotero iye ankayenera kuteteza maganizo ake pa luso la nyimbo.

moyo

Mu 1840, pafupi zaka 30, Robert Schumann m'banja. anasankha anali mwana wa mphunzitsi wake, Friedrich Wieck.

Clara Vic anali mokwanira kudziwika ndi zabwino limba. Komanso anali ofanana ndi luso compositional ndipo anathandiza mwamuna wake ndi zochita zake zonse.

Schumann, kanthawi yonena umene unali wodzala ndi ntchito nyimbo, sizinachitikepo m'banja zaka 30, ndipo zimaoneka kukhala ndi moyo pang'ono nkhawa za iye. Koma ukwati wa iye moona anachenjeza mkazi wakeyu kuti khalidwe lake ndi zovuta: izo zimadza ngakhale anthu pafupi ndi wokondedwa, pa zifukwa zina, choncho zikuoneka kuti zilibe kupweteka kwa amene amawakonda.

Koma izi zolakwa mkwatibwi Wolemba si mantha kwambiri. Ukwatiwo unachitika ndipo Klara Vik ndi Robert Schumann anakhala m'banja mpaka imfa yake, anasiya ana asanu ndi atatu ndipo anaikidwa m'manda ku manda amodzi.

matenda ndi imfa

Schumann yonena linadzaza ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana, wolemba anasiya chuma cholowa nyimbo ndi mabuku. Izi akamakonda ntchito yake ndi moyo sanathe kupatsira popanda kusiya sanachite. About zaka 35, wolemba anayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro loyamba kusokonezeka kwambiri. Kwa zaka ziwiri sanalembe chilichonse.

Ngakhale wolemba anapereka zosiyanasiyana maulemu, anaitanidwa malo aakulu, iye sakanakhoza kubwerera ku moyo wake wakale. misempha yake kwathunthu pompo.

Mu zaka 44 Wolemba kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo podwala maganizo yaitali zodzipha ndi kudumpha kuchokera mlatho mu Rhine. Iwo anali wopulumutsidwa, koma kusintha pang'ono mu mkhalidwe wake wa thanzi silinkachitidwa. Schumann zaka ziwiri kuchipatala cha anthu amisala ndipo anamwalira ali ndi zaka 46. Pa nthawi yonseyi wolemba sanalenge china chilichonse.

Chidwi mfundo ku yonena za

Amene amadziwa zimene akanakhala moyo wolemba, ngati iye anali ovulala zala zake pa dzanja lake, koma wakhala limba ... Mwina Schumann, amene yonena wasweka zaka 46, akanakhala ndi moyo moyo wautali, ndi kuti sangalepheretse malingaliro.

Mwa njira, pali lomwe wolemba anali ovulala zala zake, polenga pulogalamu yoyeseza ndi kudzikonda anapanga malinga ndi mtundu wa zida Genri Gertsa ndi Tiziano Poli. Akamanena za simulators kuti chala chapakati atamangirira chingwe, amene anaphatikiza denga. chida lalembedwa kuphunzitsa kupirira ndi matalikidwe a kutsegula chala. Koma ngati ntchito molakwika, ndipo mukhoza akagwire tendon choncho.

Pali buku lina, limene Schumann anali mankhwala kwa chindoko ndiye njira yapamwamba - by wina akapuma nthunzi ya mankhwala enaake amene anachititsa mbali zotsatira za ziwalo za zala. Koma mkazi Schumann wakhala si anatsimikizira aliyense Mabaibulo awa.

mpikisano mayiko dzina la Wolemba ndi

Wambiri ya Schumann ndi ntchito yake wotchuka mu dziko nyimbo zambiri bungwe kupikisana ndi boma ndi mphoto polemekeza Wolemba wotchuka. Back mu 1956, ku Berlin, mpikisano choyamba cha asangalatsi nyimbo zachikhalidwe unachitikira, wotchedwa Internationaler Robert-Schumann-Wettbewerb.

Mwambo woyamba anapima kuti patha zaka 100th imfa wolemba, ndipo wopambana loyamba la mpikisanowo anali woimira Republic Democratic German Anneroze Schmidt mu "limba", komanso akuluakulu a USSR: Alexander Vedernikov, Kira Izotova mu nomination ndi "amapilira". Kenako, opikisanawo ku USSR pafupifupi chaka anapambana mphatso mpaka 1985. Utatha Soviet Union yekha mu 1996, mpikisano kuti awine woimira Russia - Mikhail Mordvinov mu nomination "limba".

Robert Schumann Prize

R. Schumann, mbiri ndi cholowa luso omwe anakhala kunyada kwa dziko la chisunzo, anapereka dzina lake ndi mphoto, amene amaitcha kuti asangalatsi nyimbo zachikhalidwe, kuyambira 1964. Linapereka anakhazikitsa makonzedwe a mumzinda wakwawo wa Wolemba za - Zwickau. Iwo kupereka okha ndi lipoti anthu amene ankalimbikitsa nyimbo wolemba n'kukagwira ku misa. Mu 2003, nkhani zikuluzikulu za mphoto yofanana ndi Uwerenge EUR 10 000.

Chisanafike chaka cha 1989, mayina a ojambula zithunzi Soviet zambiri kugwera mu mndandanda wa opindula mphoto. The woimira Russian ndiye anaonekera mu mndandanda wa opambana mu 2000 chokha. Wopambana wa mphoto kuti chaka anali Olga Losev, kuyambira mphotoyo ayi amaitcha kuti m'mayiko a CIS konse.