Mzikiti wa Mpingo: dzina ndi mtengo. Kodi mtundu ayenera kukhala mzikiti wa mpingo

Kuyambira kale, anthu anafunika malo amenewa kuti adzatha kuwateteza ku mavuto ndi mavuto. Munthu aliyense ayenera kudziwa chimene icho chiri, kopita. Mpingo - ndi malo kumene anthu otetezeka. Angagaŵire zinsinsi kuya naye, "kulankhula kwa Mulungu" kumuuza machimo ake, ndi chiyembekezo kuti Iye adzakhululukira iwo.

Mtengo wa mpingo mu miyoyo ya anthu

Mtundu uliwonse ali achilendo yake chikhulupiriro, koma lonse, anthu m'magulu awiri: amene akhulupirira Mulungu ndi amene sakuzindikira linakhalapo. Gulu loyamba nthawi ndi mwayi pitani kutchalitchi - mpingo. Kumeneko, mu kachisi wopatulika, Munthu akapeza mtendere ndi lapani machimo aakulu, iye anali kufunafuna chikhululukiro ndi chifundo, chitonthozo ndi mzimu waubwenzi pa makoma a nyumbayi ndipo ndidalipeza. Aliyense nyumba, monga ulamuliro, anali mzikiti wa mpingo, iye Ufumuyo chofunika makamaka. Iye yopangidwa ndi zisulo zabwino, zimene glittered dzuwa, ndi chidwi anthu apaulendo zonse. Izi ndi chilengedwe zodabwitsa za mapulani anapereka kachisi wopatulika tanthauzo matsenga ndi zowawa za matsenga. Motero, aliyense kuyendayenda, wotopa panjira kapena yosokera akhoza abwera ku mpingo ndi kupeza thandizo, chikondi ndi Mulungu.

Monga mzikiti anauka?

mzikiti wa Church - ndi kunyada waukulu. Dzina dongosolo lodabwitsa amapezeka ku chimphika Italy ndipo akupereka yonyamula mchitidwe ❖ kuyanika. Childs, mzikiti mawonekedwe ofanana ndi Chigawo kapena parabola, ellipse. Ndi mtundu uwu wa zomangamanga akhoza kutseka danga yaikulu. mzikiti aikidwa pa nyumba zozungulira ndipo polygonal.

Provenance domes

Today, aliyense amadziwa kuti Temple wopatulika sitingapeze popanda domes zodabwitsa. Koma anthu ochepa chabe amene akudziwa kuti anatulukira ndi ntchito, iwo anali mu nthawi ya mbiri isanayambe, ndicho Nuraghe zipilala kapena Gau. Komanso, iwo Tingaone mu Etruscan kuikidwa m'manda, mapiramidi. Kumene, pamaso pa mzikiti mpingo, dzina lake pa nthawi kulibe, ndi kapangidwe chosiyana. Iwo anali mwala kapena njerwa. Yomanga akhoza kukangamira pa wina ndi mzake ndi makoma chiyani kachilombo mphamvu yopingasa.

Only pamene anatulukira konkire, omanga mwaphunzira kuchita chabwino ndi khalidwe la mzikiti lapansi. Izi zinachitika mu nthawi ya ulimi Roma mapulani. Aroma anamanga nyumba kwambiri kuti alipo ndi expanses lalikulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo anthu sagwiritsa ntchito thandizo. Anapeza kuti Chigawo amakezana inamangidwa 128 AD.

chitukuko kupolostroeniya

Mu nthawi Kubadwa Kwatsopano akubwera chitukuko kwambiri pachimake kupolostroeniya. Mu zaka khumi ndi-chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi linamangidwa ndi Chigawo zoterozo mu Cathedral wa Santa Maria del Fiore, ndi St. Petro. Zinali kapangidwe moona Mulungu, anapanga akatswiri woona. Mu nthawi ya Baroque mzikiti wa mpingo ndi yaikulu yomanga amafotokozera.

Kuyambira m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, mzikiti ndi zinamangidwa osati mu akachisi wopatulika, komanso boma. M'nyumba wamba komanso analipo mamangidwe a mtundu uwu, koma zimachitika kawirikawiri. Nthawi imeneyi, iwo unakhala wotchuka kwambiri domes golide wa mipingo. Kuwonjezera pa zitsulo wolemekezeka ntchito ndi zipangizo zina monga galasi ndi konkire. Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri, ntchito hemispheres wakhala wotchuka mu nthawi pang'ono. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi mzikiti ndi anamangidwa ku ofesi ya masewera, maofesi zosangalatsa, ndi zina zotero.

zosiyanasiyana domes

Anthu ambiri amadabwa kuti kodi kukhala mzikiti wa mpingo. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ziwembu, mukhoza kusankha wina mukufuna (ngati si zotsutsana zikhulupiriro achipembedzo). Choncho, izi mitundu ya mbewu: m'chiuno, "babu", chowulungika, chilikupita, "kozungulira", ndi polygon, ndi "ambulera". Woyamba wa iwo ankaona akale kwambiri ndipo kunalibe ntchito masiku ano. Chowulungika mzikiti lachokera ku kalembedwe Baroque, izo inamangidwa mu mawonekedwe mazira. Chilikupita kapangidwe amalola ambuye akamachita arches kuti zithandize "kupalasa". Square chimphika amamangiriridwa pa ngodya zinai, ngati zokula m'munsi. Zosiyanasiyana kutisokoneza mu mawonekedwe a kozungulira imatengedwa kukhala otsika. Ndi losaya, koma masiku awa mungapeze kwambiri nyumba ndi mtundu uwu wa mzikiti. Kapangidwe Polygonal zachokera polygon a. Koma kupola- "ambulera", izo lagawidwa zigawo otchedwa "nthiti" kuti imathandiza likulu la m'munsi lapansi.

Kupol- "babu"

Mtundu ambiri amakuona ngati "babu". Iwo ali mawonekedwe otukukira kunja omwe bwino tapers upwardly. Mtundu wa mzikiti ndi zachilendo m'mayiko ambiri. Ena mwa iwo ndi India, Russia, Turkey ndi ku Middle East. Komanso, kupol- "babu" kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito Orthodox akachisi wopatulika. Iwo ali awiri lalikulu ndipo anayamba "ng'oma". Zambiri zomanga kutalika kuposa m'lifupi.

Akukhulupirira kuti mpingo, ndi domes angapo, akuchokera Russian. Choncho, kuyang'ana pa nyumba, anthu yomweyo kusonkhana ndi Russia. Ndi chizindikiro cha Asilavo omanga ndi kukula kwa domes lapansi. Iwo kwambiri zosakwana Byzantine, ndipo, monga ulamuliro, utoto mumtundu yowala. Mu mapangidwe kwambiri TACHIMATA ndi golide. Ndipotu, zilibe kanthu chimene mtundu wa mzikiti wa mpingo. Izi zochimwazo kumathetsa antchito, koma nthawi zambiri iwo anapangidwa owala, kotero kuti iwo anaima pakati pa nyumba ina, ndipo iwo nthawi zonse amapezeka pa Walani.

Kutanthauza mzikiti m'chipembedzo cha anthu osiyanasiyana?

Mu mtundu uliwonse chipembedzo amakhazikitsa mbali mwini chosiyana koma pafupifupi aliyense wa iwo pali mzikiti wa mpingo. kufunika kwake ndi osiyana komanso. Mwachitsanzo, n'chofunika kwambiri imatengedwa pulani ya Mkhristu ndi zomangamanga Muslim. Ambiri Katolika, Orthodox ndi mipingo ina, mizikiti aang'ono zili ndi domes chodabwitsa. Ena amakhulupirira kupereka eg tanthauzo. Pakuti Orthodox - chizindikiro cha kumwamba, amene amagwirizana ndi Mulungu, ufumu wa kumwamba ndi angelo.

Onaninso kuti kapangidwe waukulu lamba akuganiza mzikiti, amene anali oyamba kumangidwa ku 1250 BC mu Zachuma a Atreus. Ngakhale ndiye, Agiriki anapatsa yomanga mtengo wopatulika. Ndiyeno anamanga mzikiti yaikulu mu Italy. Monga ziri zodziwika bwino, chifukwa cha Italy wa Chigawo akhala choncho amakhala otanganidwa ndi kupeza kutchuka. Komanso, ndi thandizo lawo, adayala padziko lonse, zokhudza anthu a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana zapamwamba ake, chimwambo ndi wapadera.