Inshuwalansi mu Russia ndi mbali yake. Kukula kwa inshuwalansi mu Russia

inshuwalansi - mawonekedwe a chitetezo cha anthu, amene zimatsimikizira kupereka thandizo kuchipatala likuvutika ndalama anasonkhanitsa. Iwo amatitsimikizira nzika makonzedwe a misonkhano ndi ufulu pa nkhani ya thanzi. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane zimene ndi inshuwalansi mu Russia. paradaiso adzayesa kuona mwatsatanetsatane mmene ndingathere.

Zikhulupiriro

Mokakamizidwa inshuwalansi (MHI) akuyendera malinga ndi pulogalamu boma. Ndi yokhudza kwa anthu. Zaufulu inshuwalansi mankhwala mu Russia limachititsa kupeza ntchito zina si ataphimbidwa ndi MLA. Izi zikhoza kukhala nambala inayake maulendo kwa akatswiri, kuchipatala, ndi ena. Mwa nawo ntchito zaufulu, munthuyo wasankha mitundu ndi buku la misonkhano, bungwe limene amafuna kutumikiridwa. Pa mapeto a mgwirizano makasitomala amalipira zingati, amene amalola iye patapita nthawi zina kulandira utumiki pansi pulogalamu osankhidwa pa palibe zina mtengo. Tiyeni tione mawu.

Inshuwaransi - munthu amene wapereka zopereka. Iwo akhoza kukhala munthu kapena bungwe.

The insurer - bungwe lalamulo kuti akuchita inshuwalansi mankhwala.

Achire ndi prophylactic mabungwe (MPI) - mabungwe amene amapereka osiyanasiyana umoyo kwa anthu ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Zikuphatikizapo: achire, opaleshoni, amisala, ubongo, Dokotala mabungwe mankhwala, zipatala umayi ndi azisamaliramo.

Policy - chikalata chotsimikizira munthu nawo mbali mu pulogalamuyi.

inshuwalansi bungwe (CMO) - bungwe lalamulo ndi likulu anawerengedwa, amene zikugwira inshuwalansi mwangwiro zaufulu kapena mokakamizidwa. Activities ikuchitika mbali ziwiri:

• kudzikundikira ndalama potipatsa thandizo kwa anthu;
• Kupenda atalandira chithandizo.

Kukula kwa inshuwalansi mu Russia

Gawo 1 (1861-1903 biennium).

mchitidwewo Analeredwa, powapatsa OMC chimango mu Russia. Pamene mafakitale boma akumeneko anakhazikitsako zibwenzi ndi maudindo wocheperapo, imene inakhazikitsa kwa kanthawi chilema phindu mamembala a anthu, amatenga madipoziti. Mu 1866, panali zipatala ndi nambala inayake ya mabedi pa mafakitale ndi. Ambiri, monga ogwira ntchito chithandizo chamankhwala sanali.

Fezi 2 (1903-1912 biennium).

inshuwalansi mu Russia anapulumuka woyamba siteji yovuta mu 1903, pamene lamulo chinaperekedwa, chimene bwanayo anali ndi udindo kuwonongeka chifukwa moyo wa anthu ogwira ntchito mu nkhani ya ngozi.

Gawo 3 (June 1912 - July 1917).

Mu 1912, Act chinaperekedwa OMC ngati ngozi ndi matenda. Pa gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia pali matenda ndalama. Wogwila likuvutika amalonda anathandiza m'mbali zinayi: wapachiyambi, ndipo outpatient kuchipatala; pobereka.

Gawo 4 (July 1917 - October 1917).

inshuwalansi mokakamizidwa thanzi mu Russia anali kusandulika kwambiri ndi boma Provisional:

• panali zofunika ndalama inshuwalansi;
• chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha inshuwaransi;
• makampani inshuwalansi ophatikizidwa popanda chilolezo cha eni ake.

Gawo 5 (October 1917 - November 1921).

Declaration analamulidwa zonse inshuwalansi chikhalidwe mu Russia, lomwe limagwira ntchito kwa onse malipiro-antchito, kaya zifukwa chilema. Ophatikizidwa narkomzdravovskoy ndi inshuwalansi. Medicine kunditumiza ku Ofesi ya Commissariat of Health. Kupasula mankhwala Polipilira.

Gawo 6 (November 1921 - 1929).

Latsopano Policy Economic anali reintroduced inshuwalansi chikhalidwe ngati disablement. mitengo chopereka anali masamu malinga ndi chiwerengero cha anthu ntchito kumalo a ntchito. Pakuti kulanda ndalama, ndalama awiri bungwe. Wina anali pa kutaya matupi chikhalidwe inshuwalansi, wachiwiri - thanzi.

Gawo 7 (1929 - pano)

Mu zaka 60 anapanga mfundo za dongosolo ndalama. Izi bwanji chitukuko cha inshuwalansi mu Russia.

Dongosolo zamakono

inshuwalansi ku Russia pa mphindi alipo m'njira zitatu. The State zimachokera mokwanira ndi bajeti. Insurance aumbike mwa kudzikundikira zopereka mabizinezi a mitundu yonse umwini ndi SP zopereka. Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zimene amalandira mankhwala payekha, masamu ndi wodwalayo.

Pulogalamu boma sasamalira apamwamba chithandizo chifukwa chosowa ndalama. Private mankhwala - ndi zosangalatsa mtengo. Choncho medstrahovanie ankaona wina ambiri akadakwanitsira thandizo. Choncho, anthu onse ayenera kulandira chithandizo apamwamba. Ndithudi, pafupipafupi ndalama si chithandizo choyenera mu akuluakulu a zaumoyo. Ichi ndi kudzikundikira mfundo. Ndipo kuyambira mlingo chopereka kwa Health Fund Insurance Russian kwa anthu onse anapereka chomwecho, voliyumu ya malipiro ayenera kukhala ofanana.

Chi

inshuwalansi mokakamizidwa thanzi mu Russia ndi mbali ya boma chikhalidwe. Mu chimango cha anthu onse mwayi wofanana kulandira mankhwala ndi thandizo kuchipatala kuchuluka chisanadze mwachindunji ndi zinthu.

Mu Russia, pali mapulogalamu zikuluzikulu ndi malo. Iwo amaonetsera wotani thandizo ndi boma kwa nzika akukhala m'madera ena a m'chigawochi. Poyamba ndi unduna wa zaumoyo, ovomerezedwa ndi zina matupi makonzedwe boma.

Chiwembu cha ntchito

Companies kutchula pa mwezi wa 3.6% ya FOP mu MLA. Awa, 3.4% linaperekedwa kwa Kupititsa ndi 0.2% - mu Federal Chi Fund. Zopereka si ntchito anthu lolipiridwa ndi boma. ndalama onse ndi mabungwe osiyana kuti kudziunjikira ndalama, kuonetsetsa mtendere wa dongosolo ndipo agwirizane chuma. The ndalama anasonkhanitsa amapita kulipira kuika buku la chithandizo.

Makampani a inshuwalansi pomalizira LPU thandizo mapangano OMS inshuwalansi eni, kuteteza zofuna za makasitomala kulamulira nthawi, kukula ndi khalidwe la utumiki. Ophunzira kukhala nzika Russian ndipo sanali anthu. Komabe, ponena otsiriza, mndandanda wa ntchito kupezeka kwa iwo yochepa.

Kupititsa Chi pulogalamu

chikalata ichi amasonyeza ukulu wa kupereka nzika ndi chithandizo ufulu. Pamafunikanso:

• mwadzidzidzi;
• outpatient, polyclinic;
• chisamaliro inpatient pa pachimake matenda ndi exacerbation la matenda aakulu, kuvulala, pathologies mimba, mimba; anakonza hospitalization mankhwala.

kuchotserapo:

• mankhwala a HIV, TB ndi zina matenda chikhalidwe kwambiri;
• chisamaliro ngozi zachipatala;
• ŵakwenera kotunga mankhwala ;
• mitundu zodula thandizo opaleshoni yotsegula mtima ndi kutha mankhwala amphamvu ndi neonatal kuwatsitsimula.

ntchito analipira

Dongosolo inshuwalansi mu Russia wamangidwa m'njira kuti ngakhale pansi pa pulogalamu boma kuti zina munthu kulipira pa malopo. ntchito njirazi ndi izi:

• Kafukufuku pa kuyamba kwa nzika zonse.
• Mosaonetsera matenda ndi njira zodzitetezera.
• Njira ikuchitika kunyumba.
• Katemera wa nzika Azidzazifuna.
• Spa mankhwala.
• Zodzikongoletsera ntchito.
• Kupeza mano otere.
• Luso ya unamwino.
• ntchito zina.

mfundo MHI

chikalata ichi angatanthauze kwa Russia, kuphatikizapo sanali anthu amene yochepa akukhala mu gawo la dziko. Mawu a malamulo chikugwirizana ndi nthawi anakhala mu dziko. Nzika za ndondomekoyi Chirasha chikalata kamodzi mu moyo.

chikalata kulembetsa ayenera kuchitira bwana kapena SMO. Pankhaniyi, munthu inshuwaransi ali ndi ufulu wosankha kampani wokha, umene kutumikiridwa. nzika wosweka kulandira ndondomeko zofalitsira kutumikira m'dera lawo.

kusintha deta

Makamaka inshuwalansi mu Russia ndi chotero kuti pambuyo kusintha yogona kapena pasipoti deta ya malamulo akale m'manja ku UK, ndipo pambuyo kulembetsa mu dera lina latsopano kuti wina watsopano. Ngati inu kusintha malo chikalata ntchito ayenera kubwerera kwa abwana ake. Wazamalonda ayenera pasanathe masiku 10 kuti awadziwitse SC.

Mu nkhani ya imfa ya malamulo n'kofunika awadziwitse insurer posachedwapa. Wogwila ntchito wa kampani adzachotsa deta chikalatacho ku MLA Nawonso achichepere ndi kuyamba ndondomeko ya kalembera wa malamulo atsopano. Pa nthawi yomweyo chidzankhalira pa mlingo wa nthawi 0,1 malipiro osachepera kwa issuance wa mawonekedwe.

Zaufulu inshuwalansi zachipatala Russia (LCA)

utumiki Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti anthu alandire chithandizo zina kuposa ndi MLA. Nzika za pulogalamu zingakhale:

• anthu;
• mabungwe oimira zofuna za nzika kapena mabungwe zachipatala
• ntchito.

Munthu akhoza kutenga wapatali, zovuta (m'munda wa mano, opaleshoni pulasitiki, pochiza matenda a maso, ndi zina zotero. N.) misonkhano apamwamba, kuti mayeso zina ndi D. inshuwalansi Health zotero. ku Russia mbali ya dongosolo kumalamuliridwa ndi mgwirizano. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, kampani ayenera kulipira utumiki kwa anthu omwe m'gulu mndandanda zogwirizana, imapereka inshuwaransi nthawi zina mfundo utumiki ndi pulogalamu ndi mndandanda wa mabungwe kudzera zomwe thandizo adzakhala anapereka.

pangano ananenanso kuti munthu inshuwaransi ayenera kulipira zopereka pa nthawi inayake, sizinatchulidwe mawu a chikalatacho, ndi zinthu prolongation ake, malamulo kwa malipiro ndi kudumpha ufulu malipiro pambuyo pa imfa ya inshuwaransi.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mu 2015 62% mabwana Russian samapereka misonkhano LCA antchito ake. Makampani ambiri akana chidwi ndi ntchitoyi chifukwa cha mavuto a zachuma. ndalama olemba ntchito anzawo, amene anamaliza mgwirizano 08.01.2014 kwa miyezi 12, sichinasinthe. Pali% 14 makampani 1,000 kafukufuku. Koma pali kuchotserapo. 2% ya mabwana kafukufuku chepetse ndalama za VHI, optimizing kukula ndodo. Ochepa anatha kukambirana mgwirizano yabwino kwambiri. Part wa amalonda yafupika kuchuluka kwa ndalama za kuchotsa inshuwalansi mano. Wina 5% ya ndalama kafukufukuyu makampani chinawonjezeka ndi 5% chifukwa mtengo kuchuluka kwa zaumoyo.

Matenda Insurance ku Russia

Pa nthawi imeneyi chitukuko, pali mavuto kugwira ntchito dongosolo:

1. Bajeti mabala. Mlingo watsopano wa 3.6% sasamalira zachipatala chisamaliro Kuphunzira ngakhale nzika ntchito. Akuvutika kwambiri kwa anthu okalamba, olumala ndi ana chisamaliro. Amachotsera anthu lova inasamutsidwa kuchoka bajeti boma. Chifukwa ndi kuchepetsa ndalama, amene akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ambulansi.
2. Ndalama za anthu nonworking amapezeka likuvutika ntchito TB, matenda a maganizo ndi vutoli. Pali owononga kuti kusiyana pakati mankhwala ndi kupewa.
3. Palibe chitetezo chitsanzo.
4. Kusowa kwa zinthu zolondola zokhudza ndalama zolowa ndi inshuwalansi mu Russia.
5. Kukhalapo kwa arrears.

Awa ndi mavuto aakulu inshuwalansi kukhalapo mu Russia pa mphindi.

Pomaliza

Chimodzi mwa njira zodzitetezera pa umoyo wa anthu - inshuwalansi. Mu Russia, mbali yake pa choona kuti ntchito yake mbali zitatu. OMC ndalama ndi boma, koma mu chimango cha pulogalamuyi, munthu salandira mitundu yonse ya ntchito. mankhwala Private palibe aliyense. Choncho, Russia amapereka serviced pansi yaufulu inshuwalansi pulogalamu. Kulipira ndalama zingati zina, munthu akhoza kusankha inshuwalansi kampani wake m'khalapakati, voliyumu ya misonkhano, mitundu, ndi mabungwe komwe adzalandira chithandizo.