National Park Altyn-Emel. Yaikulu chikhalidwe malo mu Kazakhstan

Nkhaniyi akufotokoza nkhani yaikulu kwambiri malo a Kazakhstan otchedwa Altyn-Emel. Malowa ali pamtunda m'mbali mwa lokwera Jungar Alatau. Malo otetezedwa ndi mahekitala 460 zikwi. Park analengedwa kusunga zomera kawirikawiri ndi nyama.

Ikani National Park malo

malo ili makilomita 150 kuchokera otchedwa Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan). Malowa ali pamtunda m'mbali lamanja la Ili Mtsinje, yolanda mbali ya kumpoto Kapchagai posungira.

Ngati mwaganiza kukaona paki, ndiye amatipeza funso n'lakuti: nanga bwanji mwayi kwa Altyn-Emel? Kapchagay - mudzi pafupi ndi malo, ndi akuthamanga magalimoto ku Alma-Ata. Kenako muyenera kupita ndi galimoto pamodzi Kapchagai mosungiramo kuti cordon pa nambala wani. City Kapchagay (Alma-Ata dera) lili makilomita 160 kuchokera Almaty. njira yonse ku paki ambiri, kudzatenga inu zosaposa maola atatu. Kumene, njira si kwambiri, koma m'pofunika kuthetsa kuona zokopa yapadera m'dera limeneli, anapatsidwa kuti zaka ena a iwo kwa zaka zoposa 2500, komanso umboni zilombo zolusa komanso mbalame rarest. inu mukhoza kupita ku Alma-Ata ndi kufika malo mwa mzinda Kapchagay, kukonza yokha ulendo tsiku ngati n'koyenera.

Koma pali njira ina, kudutsa tipitirize-Ozek, kumene kudutsa ndi chiphaso Altyn-Emel, mungathe kufika kalinino. Njira kwa Alma-Ata ku likulu la chuma amatenga pafupifupi maola, izo akutambasula makilomita 320. Izi njira yaitali kwambiri - ulendo Udzatenga masiku atatu kapena asanu. Komabe, nthawi imeneyi mudzatha kuona zokopa otchuka paki: Mount Aktau, Katy matchalitchi anayamba kuimba dune, zaka mazana asanu akale msondodzi ndi nyama osowa.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

State National Park Altyn-Emel anakhazikitsidwa mu 1996 pamaziko a Kapchagai Kusaka. Waukulu Manor nyumba ili m'mudzi wa kalinino. Kwa iye Alma-Ata (Kazakhstan) ndi makilomita 250. malo The akutambasula makilomita makumi atatu kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera ndi ku kummawa mpaka kumadzulo oposa mazana awiri.

Kokongola dzina Reserve ali chifukwa, izo zakhala zikuchitika kuyambira kalekale ndipo Mongolian osati anawamasulira kuti "golide chishalo". Pali ngakhale nthano amene anena kuti m'chilimwe cha 1219 asilikali wotchuka Genghis Khan analoŵa chigwa, kusuntha kuti agonjetse Asia Central. Dzuwa likulowa, mapiri ndi mkulu yellowed udzu zinkaoneka ngati chishalo golide. Ndipo zowonadi, ngati inu kuyang'anitsitsa, ndondomeko ya chiphaso Altyn-Emel kwenikweni akufanana ndi chishalo.

Pabwalopo pali zosiyanasiyana mitunda: ku chipululu mchenga kumapiri. Komanso, malo ndi wotchuka chifukwa zipilala zake mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe.

milu kuimba

Kuimba dune mkulu mchenga dune (100 meters) m'litali kuposa makilomita atatu. Iwo nalo dzina lake chifukwa nthawi zina zimachokera kwa iye akututuma phokoso kuti ndi zingaoneke amatikumbutsa mkokomo wa limba. Choncho nyimbo Kuimba Dune anamva makilomita. Sound achokera mu nthawi pamene mbewu funsani mzake - pali kukomoka squeak, ndi phokoso kwambiri limaonetseratu amabadwa ndi gusts amphamvu. Koma dune nyimbo zikhoza kumveka mu nyengo bata. Masitepe pomwepo chifukwa mikangano pakati pa particles, imbaenda ku phokoso zachilendo. Ngakhale zybuchest mchenga dune musati amayendayenda, ndi kwa zaka zingapo ndi pabwalopo.

Nthano Local limanena kuti pansi pa mchenga dune m'manda Genghis Khan yekha ndi ankhondo ake wolimba, ndi dune akuyamba kuyimba, pamene Khan akuuza ana a ntchito zake zazikulu.

Aktau

Natural Park Altyn-Emel tichipeza zinthu wapadera, mmodzi amene ali Aktau. Izi choko mapiri Cenozoic nthawi, wopangidwa mwa dongo pulasitala, komwe mphepo ndi madzi zaka masauzande ambiri kubaya ndi maphompho zapadera.

Mbali yaikulu ya malo awa ndi anasiya ena zomera, kupanga izo zimakhala zofanana ndi mitunda mwezi. mapiri amenewa yodziwika ndi otsetsereka ndi amphamvu dismemberment zokwanira chifukwa mvula khama ndipo mudslides. Aktau kuti Altyn-Emel - yotchuka wapadera paleontological gawo. The m'dambo nyanja amapezeka bwino anasunga zotsalira za nyama wakale monga rhinoceros chimphona, ng'ona, akamba, wosazindikira zolusa, m'badwo wawo pafupifupi zaka mamiliyoni 25-30. Suli kutali Aktau ndi Katutau ndi mapiri.

phiri Katutau

Mapiri Tambasula kuchokera kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa kumpoto kum'mawa mawonekedwe a lokwera akakhala ndi nsonga mu mawonekedwe a yachonde a. malo otsetsereka tadulidwa ndi ambiri m'zigwa ouma. Bright mikwingwirima buluu pestreyut sandstone Mbali yokhala ngati ndi wofiira dongo. Mawu "Katutau" amatanthauza "mapiri."

Amakhulupirira kuti mu nthawi Permian pa malo kwambiri anali mapiri awiri. Ndithudi, mapiri anapeka kwathunthu chiphalaphala ndi miyala ina chiphala. Komanso, pali mng'alu mu nthaka, amene anadzazidwa ndi chiphalaphala. Ndipo iwo inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka chivomezi pamene galimoto zigawo subsurface. Kutalika kwa ena a iwo makilomita mpaka eyiti. Kumpoto kwa miyala Aktau ndi Katutau anasunga analipodi wakale Tethys Ocean, amene natenga maonekedwe akalumikidzidwa zosamvetsetseka.

Kalkany

Small ndi Large Kalkany - ndi Palaeozoic massif, amene amakhala ndi chiwonongeko lochita miyala. Kunja - ndi lackluster ndithu mapiri otsika kuti kugona kum'mwera kwa paki Altyn-Emel. Palibe chidwi, makamaka iwo satero, koma lili pakati pa dziko wotchuka Kuyimba Dune.

Besshatyr

Besshatyr kanthu koma malo apadera ofukula zinthu zakale. Iwo amatchedwa n'chodabwitsa manda achifumu - m'manda Saka atsogoleri VII-III zaka BC. N'chodabwitsa atazunguliridwa ndi mtundu wa mphete menhirs, amene chinachake chofanana ndi miyala wotchuka wa Stonehenge. M'chigwa ndi 31 manda n'chodabwitsa, yaikulu imene kufika kutalika mamita 17 ndipo m'mimba mwake ake - mamita 108. Asayansi anapeza kuti iwo kugona zotsalira za atsogoleri Saka. N'chodabwitsa ali m'manda a mafumu. M'phiri maphompho anapeza zomera lonse zithunzi thanthwe zochitika kusaka nyama.

Ili

Park Altyn-Emel ndi waterway chachikulu, amenenso malire a malo a - ndi Ili Mtsinje. Chimayambira mu dziko la China. The mtsinje ali ndi zakudya losanganikirana.

Easy masika chigumula akuyamba, kawirikawiri mu April. Ndi meltwater phiri chisanu May, pali madzi osefukira omwe si kugwa mpaka July-August. Ndiye umayamba kuchepa pang'onopang'ono madzi, ndi mtengo yachibadwa amayikidwa mu September. M'nyengo yozizira, mtsinje amaundana kwa miyezi ingapo.

nyengo

Nyengo zikuchepa chokhala m'chipululu, ndi ozizira mokwanira, nyengo youma ndi yotentha. Kuchuluka wamkulu wa mvula imagwera mu April ndi May. Avereji ya kutentha kwa madigiri 4-5.

Park Altyn-Emel: zomera

zomera ndi malo ikuphatikiza zomera mazana khumi ndi asanu, ena a iwo ali osowa ndi kutchulidwa Red Book. endemics chapadera ndi maulaliki: Silene Muslim, Alberta tulips, astragalus Kopal, kahris woweta, okulira Vitali.

Yambiri ya zomera paki ndi katundu wofunika. Ndipo ambiri chakudya cha zinyama. Zipatso ndi mbewu zinadyedwa ndi makoswe ndi mbalame, ndi Pagon - hoofed nyama. Wofunika kwambiri ndi easterly nthenga, Atraphaxis wokolopa, chowawa belozemelnaya ndi ena. Pali mankhwala zomera uchi, n'kofunika mafuta.

zomera

Tizilombo yekha malo pali zoposa 5000 mitundu. Awa, 25 mitundu ya m'gulu pangozi. Izi ziwala, kupemphera mantises, dragonflies, kafadala ndi zina zotero. D.

Inakhala ya paki ndi osiyanasiyana ndithu. The Kapchagai mosungiramo amakhala nsomba makumi atatu amene ali kuderako. Zokwawa malo ankaimira 25 mitundu: mphiri, Alai ablepharus, unatengera njoka, steppe guloyo, muvi-njoka ndi ena.

Mbalame mazana awiri kuno, chisa mu zone kutetezedwa 174, ndipo 18 ali m'gulu pangozi: ferruginous bakha, wakuda dokowe, imvi Crane, golide mphungu, njoka mphungu, bearded, zofiirira nkhunda, kadzidzi, Sitimayo inagunda mchenga grouse, bustard, zofiirira nkhunda.

Pa dera la Altyn-Emel, pali zambiri kuposa makumi asanu ndi awiri a nyama, Pakati pali mitundu isanu pangozi: ligation, wofiira marten, otter, matalala kambuku, Tien Shan nkhosa phiri, chilombo bulu. otetezedwa ndi anaikira anthu waukulu wa mbuzi phiri, insa, matalala akambuku. Ngakhale apa pali ungulates ngakhale-toed - nswala, saiga, nguluwe, nkhosa zamphongo zam'tchire.

Mwa malo amakhala mphako ya partridges miyala partridge. Izi wokongola mbalame kaso sizinali malo owuma kwa mapiri. Iwo agile kwambiri ndipo mwamsanga scurrying pakati pa miyala, akuthamanga ndi progalinki pa progalinku pamene iwo mokweza kufuula, kukonza ambiri aperekapo phokoso. Partridges, monga ulamuliro, kawirikawiri kuwuluka, iwo basi flit m'thanthwe kugwedezeka, kulumpha mavuto. Ngati iwo ali chiopsyezo, iwo kwambiri flutter ndipo kenako Ndichitireni chiwembu pa mphanga, motero poyesa kuzemba milandu.

okhala singasiyanitsidwe ndi phiri m'dera ndi kumeza. Ndipo pa makoma otsetsereka a miyala zimapezeka nthawi stenolaz, mbalame wokongola, kuthamanga ngati Gulugufe. Akukupiza wake wofiirira-wakuda mapiko, amaoneka ngati agulugufe zosowa.

A kwambiri mu mapiri anthu muimba Himalaya. Komabe mu Kazakhstan otchedwa Kuma. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti mbalame ndi imodzi mwa atatu ogwirira padziko lonse lapansi. World a mbalame otetezedwa ndi olemera kwambiri, chifukwa chakuti osiyana kwambiri malo achilengedwe m'gawo lake, kuchokera m'chipululu ndi kutha mapiri.

The National Park khama antchito ake anapulumutsa zosiyanasiyana zamoyo ndi chikhalidwe zopanda moyo.

zokopa alendo

Panopa National Park amatenga magulu yogwira ulendowu pa madera ake. Ndipo nthawi kuyenda akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri. The ulendo yayifupi - tsiku. Komabe, kuona zowoneka onse, muyenera kucheza kwambiri nthawi zambiri.

Kufunika kwa kusunga kwa Kazakhstan ndi mkulu, chifukwa pali chinkhoswe kuteteza nyama pangozi. Komanso, dera paki kalekale poyeserapo ntchito yogwira pa kuteteza ya zinyama malo awa. Chifukwa cha miyeso yogwira kusamala ndi polimbana opha nyama mu mbawala malo kuyendayenda popanda mantha. Ngakhale cha m'ma XX, panali angapo dazeni, ndipo tsopano mu malo ndi nyumba za anthu waukulu.

Mu 2003, chiyambi cha ntchito yogwira pa kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe zakutchire kavalo Przewalski, amene anasowa Kazakhstan m'zaka XVIII. Koma ntchitoyi yasonyeza kuti kovuta chifukwa dziko ndi wamba kuswana ndi akungoyendayenda mozungulira malo ndi akavalo ambiri kumathandiza kuchotsa mtundu woyera.