National Park "Paanajarvi" Karelia: kufotokoza, zokopa alendo ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

, Yaying'ono kuteteza malo a mtengo wosiyana ndi mitunda modabwitsa wokongola - ndi "Paanajarvi" National Park. Malire a wake pafupifupi mwathunthu lifanane ndi malo catchment wa Olang mtsinje umene madzi ake akuyenda kudzera m'mapaki awiri mitundu - Karelian ndi Chifinishi. A ngale weniweni, umene tikukhala m'dera la paki "Paanajarvi" - dzina chomwecho nyanja, ndi zonse m'dera lonse la paki ndi mahekitala 104.473.

General view

Malo opanda mkulu-kalembedwe, ndipo n'zosatheka kulemba kukongola koteroko pano. Mountain nsonga anapambulwa kuya zigwembe phompho. A nambala yaikulu nyanja phiri zosiyanasiyana achinyontho, mitsinje zakutchire, anagwa pa mathithi yaikulu ndi limatifotokozera mathithi phokoso ... Park "Paanajarvi" ndi yosiyanasiyana. M'mbali mwa mapiri ndi ku zigwa za mitsinje ananyamuka namwali, kanthu kusokonezedwa nkhalango, makamaka spruce peaked. Koma ngati inu kukwera ndi kutalika kwa oposa theka kilometre ndi, nkhalango thins kunja, ndipo anadya birches interspersed. More pamwamba anadya kutha, mitengo birch ndi wopotoka ndi mphepo kenako anagwetsa Titafika pamalo zomera.

Nato nyanja wazunguliridwa ndi mapiri, kotero ofanana fjord ndi lokongola kwambiri ngakhale paki wotchuka "Paanajarvi" limadziwika ndi dzina lake. Apa kufupi ndi gombe la dziko mwangwiro kutenthetsa, choncho inathetsedwa ndi anthu kuyambira kale kwambiri. nthaka yachonde kwambiri, nyengo yabwino, madzi ali olemera mu nsomba komanso nkhalango - masewera. Ndithu paradaiso, amene choyamba anapeza Karelia, ndipo m'zaka za zana chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, iwo anakankhira Finns. Awiriwa anakhala mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe, ndipo sanathe kukhala osiyana ndi malo otero wodala.

paki

Paanajarvi (Karelia) - wapadera zachilengedwe nyanja, ndipo palibe mtsinje zochepa wapadera loyenda pano Olang. malo ngati amenewa pa dziko ndi pang'ono kwambiri, choncho m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito iliyonse inchi ya sayansi, maphunziro, kusangalala, zolinga zachilengedwe. kunali kosatheka kuchita popanda kulengedwa kwa malo osungirako. Mwina ngakhale kusunga chuma wachibadwa sibwenzi anapambana. Ndipo tsopano, kuchokera pamene woyamba wa chilengedwe nat. Park "Paanajarvi", anapereka gawo lonse la chitetezo lotsatira zamoyo zosiyanasiyana alipo. Ndipo amafunika nthawi zonse chithandizo cha ndalama.

Pitirizani zachilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cholowa, oddly mokwanira, zimathandiza zokopa alendo. Park "Paanajarvi" mitengo sadzakhala zingakweze mlengalenga, koma chuma m'chigawo si osati kuchepa, komanso akufotokozera chidwi chifukwa gawo lino. Kukula kwa ntchito zokopa alendo ndi mavuto angapo: Cognized kutetezedwa zinyama, omwe ali ndi chidwi osati alendo Russian komanso akunja. Buku paki amathandiza ndondomeko osati amakopeka kwambiri alendo, komanso amakhala ndi kukhala nkhani kwambiri ndi kusangalatsa anthu, popanda kuchititsa mavuto pang'ono topezeka kudera.

nkhani

Monga kale lonse nyanja gombe anali kuli kwambiri anthu, chilengedwe cha m'dera limeneli sikunali kotheka. Pamene anakonza Oulanksky National Park, malowa ndi ku malire ake sanali m'gulu. Only mu 1926 linakonzedwa ndi Professor Linkola zone ntchito gawo lotetezedwa. Boma la Finland wapenda ndi wovomerezeka lamulo kusodza pamaziko a zimene paki ndi malire kumadzulo kwa mudzi Paanajarvi analengedwa. msewu ndiye linali kokha kuno - kum'mwera, linamangidwa mu 1906 ku Vuotunki. Zinali yopapatiza ndi wovuta, woyenera kupita kwa ngolo.

Pofika m'ma makumi kuwonjezera izo, iwo anayamba kuthamanga magalimoto mwachangu, ndipo ntchito chake zachuma kwambiri mphamvu. Mu Paanajarvi anatsegula mashopu pakati mankhwala ndi ngakhale nthambi banki. Mu mmasate chosaiwalika repartition anapitiriza Paanajarvi kale lomwe, pali zambiri kuposa minda sikisite. Ndipo mu 1934, apa pakubwera msewu chachiwiri - kuchokera kumpoto, ndipo pamodzi ndi izo, ndi mwa njira alendo, imene inkatchedwa "Tengelelani a Pakona". Ndiye panali nkhondo, ndi kulankhulana ndi Paanajarvi wosweka. Kotero icho chinali kutchedwa kuyenda njira mu malo osungirako Oulankskom.

borderlands

Paanajarvi nkhondo isanayambe, mudzi anali wolemera kwambiri, zabwino m'dera Kuusamo, chifukwa kopita alendo, kulandira alendo zoposera zikwi mu nyengo limodzi. Komanso pali pafupifupi nthawi zonse panali asayansi zachilengedwe, kufunafuna zomera zosapezekapezeka pa kukafika kumadzulo a m'dera limeneli. Apa relict zomera, kwina mu Finland, mitundu ndi kwina.

Pamene nkhondoyo inatha mu Chifinishi ndi pangano mtendere chinasainidwira, malire limayenda kudutsa m'madera ena mpaka kum'maŵa, kotero tsopano miyambo zikulumikizana malonda linasokonekera. Mudziwo inawonongedwa ndi nkhondo, nyumba yonse kutenthedwa. Izi wodala malo alendo akhala kuwerengedwa kwa zaka pafupifupi - alonda yekha anakhala pano. Ndipo kwa Finns ndi Karels Paanajarvi nyanja izo tsopano wakhala kuwerengedwa, chifukwa malire Mzere anali waukulu kwambiri ndi mwamphamvu kulondera.

kukonzanso

Mu Mipingo mochedwa, m'dera ameneyu anadziwika kachiwiri kukambirana monga zinakonzedwa pa Nyanja gidroakkumulyativnaya mphamvu, ndi pa phiri lalitali kwambiri mu Karelia Nuorunen - ski pakati. maina ziwiri izi zonse anamva TV, vuto iwo ataphimbidwa mu masamba a manyuzipepala ambiri ndi magazini. Nuorunen Paanajarvi ndipo mofulumira chimakhala chizindikiro cha Karelia, zomwe zimafunika kuti chitetezo awo chifukwa mbali yapadera dera.

Kumbali ina ya malire, nayenso, adawomba zosiyanasiyana bwana kusamala wa pangodya uwu n'komwe. Kulimbikira ntchito mu malo oyamba - odula, anali amphamvu kwambiri. Koma mphamvu zachilengedwe anapambana, ndipo mu May 1992, boma la Russia anasaina lamulo lolingana pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo osungirako ndi dera kanayi lalikulu kuposa Oulanksky. Choncho panali paki "Paanajarvi", ndemanga imene alendo kusiya wachangu kwambiri. Chokumbukira ngati iwo ali moyo.

nyengo

Nyengo pano akuti ndi yoopsa kwambiri, koma izi amangonena za m'dera Oulanka-Paanajarvi. Pali nthawi zonse madigiri khumi ndi kutentha pafupifupi - onse mu dzinja ndi chilimwe, motero, ndi opanda ndipo kuphatikiza zizindikiro. Kutentha pachaka kotero - za ziro. Ngati si kwa Gulf Stream, padzakhala mofanana mu Siberia kumene nthawi zonse madigiri makumi - onse mu dzinja ndi chirimwe. Kumbukirani kuti mtunda olimbika, ndipo - kwambiri, koma chifukwa yaying'ono-nyengo zinthu zosiyana ndi mzake, ndipo kawirikawiri - kwambiri.

M'chigwa cha Oulanka otentha yotentha dzuwa kwambiri likamatenthetsa otsetsereka kum'mwera, kupereka moyo kwa zomera zomwe sizipezeka mu M'madera a zitunda izi. Mwachibadwa, mu kuya kwa zigwa, kumene kuli chitetezo mphepo, wotentha kwambiri kuposa nsonga ya phiri. The mphako ndi nthawi yonyowa pokonza ndi ozizira, kukula kuno zomera kwambiri kumpoto. Koma yozizira ndi yozizira kwambiri mu zigwa, thangwi kweneko ndiye panja umayenda kuchokera m'mapiri a.

Kodi kudya

Spruce kwa zaka zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi, izo ukulamulira zigwa za mitsinje chakwathu, ndipo anali ndiye kuti anapanga lero lofuna zosiyanasiyana m'dera. Kuweruza ndi kumpoto ndi nyengo, mmene wa kumpoto circumpolar nayonso derevoobrazuyuschaya zomera mderali zimasowa ndithu: pali spruce yekha, birch ndi pine. Komabe, pamene nthaka waphindu ndi otsetsereka ndiotetezedwa ku mphepo awowo sankawayankha mwansangala, ndithu zambiri aspens. Kodi tsogolo moto wofiira malo pakati pa conifer singano Tingaone pano mu kugwa!

Mu Mitsinje kusamba nthambi ya msondodzi; zachilendo ndipo alder, koma Kasungu. Ambiri phiri phulusa ndi mlombwa m'madambo, amene tinganene za kuchuluka kwa nthaka m'deralo. Pafupifupi onse a m'mitsinje ndiponso chokongoletsedwa ndi yamatcheri, wodzazidwa ndi kuwala ndi fungo la iwo utali wonse. A phiri otsetsereka kusonyeza okhwima ofukula zonation a chivundikirocho nkhalango. mitengo yambiri m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndipo m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo - makamaka conifers - zaka zoposa zinayi, ndipo pali nthawi imene ndi mazana asanu.

chapadera

Eka prodigy - paini, spruce, birch, alder! Kodi kotero kwapadera? Onse mbali yathu chimodzi cha dziko yokutidwa ndi mitengo. Ndipo, koma, zovuta zachilengedwezi ndi wapadera kwambiri ndipo ndi phindu tanthauzo lonse. Apa zimasungika mitundu kwambiri ndi zomera ndi nyama, zomwe kwathunthu mbisoweka pambuyo mitengo kwina. Botanists kuti pa zaka handiredi, kwenikweni moyo mu malo awa, chifukwa malo otsetsereka dzuwa pali zomera za M'madera a zitunda kum'mwera, ndi mu mthunzi - relict Arctic.

Apa, kokha zambiri rarities botanical. Only zomera mtima mu malo osungirako anaulula mitundu oposa mazana asanu, ndipo woposa makumi awiri a iwo chilichonse cha zigawo Karelia sapezeka. Pali zambiri mitundu kum'mwera (kakombo wa mzigwa, strawberries, mwachitsanzo), kukula limodzi ndi kumpoto. Komanso ambiri ochokera m'mbali kum'mawa - Siberia aster, honeysuckle ndi zina Baltic ndi mayiko a azungu pali zochepa. Pamitundu yoposa makumi asanu ndi zomera ambiri wamkulu pano, zaikidwa kukhala pangozi.

zomera

Ndipo paki wolemera nyama zakuthengo "Paanajarvi". Reviews amati ambiri oimira pano anakumana m'dera nayonso: iwo anapeza amphaka osati, mphalapala ndi zimbalangondo, koma wolverine, ndi ermine. Asayansi zoika mndandanda yaitali: mimbulu, martens, nkhandwe, hares, agologolo, mink, weasels, otters ndi ambiri mitundu makoswe. Za mphalapala, nayenso, kunena ndi kulemba, ngakhale yafalikira kokha pafupi ndi malire Chifinishi. Mink, muskrat, Beaver azikhala ndi kozizira nkhandweyo kumalo ozizira ndi lemming. Pamitundu yoposa zana ndi makumi asanu za mbalame chisa kudera - onse kum'mwera ndi kumpoto. Apa kuthetsa mitundu pangozi: whooper tsekwe, imvi Crane, ndi ena ambiri. Pali ogwirira mu Red - osprey, woyera-tailed mphungu, golide mphungu, ndi mitundu zoposa khumi a mbalame kawirikawiri ndi pangozi mwasankha malo ano.

Ndipo malo apadera pano. Nyanja ndi mitsinje ya paki "Paanajarvi" moyo ndi Salmonidae ndi whitefish, komanso ochiritsira burbot, Pike, nsomba ndi roach. Chinthu chachikulu - onse lalikulu zedi. Madamu zonse m'derali m'kati mwenimweni, ndi madzi woyera masika. Chrixitu amakhala mathithi mkulu. Wa relict nsomba smelt amakhala apa, ndi mabanga goby ndi minnow ndi chakudya chabwino gwero nsomba wapatali. Mfumukazi ya onse - mumapezeka nsomba, umachititsa pano kulemera makilogalamu oposa khumi. Apa ndi mpikisano wapatali kwambiri alendo paki! Anthu mwayi zokwanira, onetsetsani kuti kulemba ndemanga za 'Paanajarvi "National Park. A mwayi, kuweruza ndi ndemanga, ambiri!

Kayendedwe

Amene akufuna kukaona "Paanajarvi" National Park, kulankhula ndi kufunana. mudzi Pyaozersky pakati mlendo ali Louhi dera la Karelia. M'mudzi yokha mukhoza kubwera kuchokera kumadzulo, kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa pa msewu wafumbi (za makumi asanu makilomita). Ku St. Petersburg, Moscow, Petrozavodsk ndi St. Petersburg adzatsogolera njira - Murmansk. Mungathe sitima siteshoni Louhi, ndiye - basi ku mudzi Pyaozersky.