Zinyalala Island mu Pacific Ocean: zimayambitsa, zotsatira chithunzi

Mu Pacific, pali chilumba zachilendo kuti si chizindikiro mapu a dziko. Panthawiyi, dera malo, amene wakhala manyazi weniweni wa dziko lathuli, kale kuposa m'dera la France. chakuti anthu umabala zinyalala ndi kuwonjezeka tsiku ndi pogona gawo latsopano osati padziko lapansi. Kwambiri akhudzidwa okhala zinthu zachilengedwe m'madzi, kumva mu khumi zapitazo, amasangalatsa onse a chitukuko.

Mwatsoka, anthu ambiri sadziwa za mwaimvetsa zachilengedwe ndi zauve cholowa cha anthu. Vuto la zinyalala m'madzi, kupulula kuwonongeka mpaka kalekale chilengedwe, si aliwerenge, ndi zoona, malinga kuwerengetsera zoyerekeza, kulemera kwa pulasitiki, omwe amamasula poizoni, matani oposa mamiliyoni zana.

Monga zinyalala igwera mu nyanja?

Kodi zinyalala m'nyanja, ngati munthu sakhala kumeneko? Oposa 80% ya zinyalala kugwa kuchokera magwero lapadziko, ndi mbali yaikulu ya awo amapanga mabotolo pulasitiki wa madzi, zikwama, makapu. Komanso, mu nyanja ndipo maukonde anatayika ku muli zombo. The zoipitsa waukulu amaonedwa kukhala mayiko awiri - China ndi India, komwe anthu dambo zinyalala mwachindunji m'madzi.

Awiri mbali pulasitiki

Tikhoza kunena kuti kuyambira Kutulukira pulasitiki, ndipo wayamba za kuwononga onse a dziko wobiriwira. Zakuthupi, umene kwambiri atsogolere miyoyo ya anthu, wakhala poizoni kwenikweni kwa dziko lapansi ndi nyanja, pamene afika kumeneko pambuyo ntchito. Kuvunda pa zaka handiredi ndi wotchipa pulasitiki, kumene n'zosavuta kuchotsa, kuchititsa kuwononga kwambiri chikhalidwe.

Pa nkhani imeneyi, ine kubwereza kwa zaka zoposa makumi asanu Komabe, zachilengedwe okha pa chiyambi cha 2000 zinkamveka alamu, chifukwa dziko kontinenti latsopano, wopangidwa mwa zinyalala. Undercurrents anagogoda zinyalala pulasitiki zilumba zinyalala m'nyanja, amene otsekeredwa mu mtundu ndi sindingakhoze kupita kupitirira. Chimodzimodzi kunena mmene zinthu zosafunika amasunga dzikoli, sikutheka.

Zinyalala Island imfa

Wamkulu zonyasa, limene lili mu Pacific beseni ali akuya mamita 30 ndipo umachokera ku California ku Hawaii kwa mazana makilomita. Kwa zaka zambiri, pulasitiki ikuyandama m'madzi, koma si anapanga a chilumba chachikulu, kukula pang'onopang'ono zoopsa. Ofufuza izo tsopano kuposa unyinji wa zooplankton misa ndi pafupifupi kasanu.

Chilumba Pacific wa zinyalala, wopangidwa mwa pulasitiki, amene silimba mutizidutswa tating'ono ting'ono mchikakamizo cha mchere ndi dzuwa, umachitika mu malo amodzi chifukwa mafunde apansi pamadzi. Pali whirlpool subtropical, chimene chimatchedwa "chipululu a m'nyanja." Apa kuchokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana kwa zaka zambiri tsopano anagwetsa zinthu zosiyana, ndipo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa lawola mitembo nyama, yonyowa nkhuni madzi ladzala ndi sulphide wa hydrogen. Ichi ndi chenicheni akufa zone, moyo osauka kwambiri. Malo fetid kumene konse ikuwomba mphepo atsopano, sapita kugula Zombo Zankhondo akuyesetsa zawozo.

Koma patapita zaka 50 Mu zaka zapitazo, zinthu lafika poipa kwambiri, ndi zotsalira za algae ndi adaonjezeredwa pulasitiki ma CD, matumba ndi mabotolo, si pansi ndondomeko kudzitsitsa kwachilengedwenso. Tsopano zinyalala zilumba za ku Pacific Ocean, dera limene aliyense zaka khumi chinawonjezeka ndi kangapo, mpaka 90% tichipeza polyethylene.

Kuopsa kwa mbalame ndi moyo m'madzi

Nyama tikukhala mu madzi anatengedwa zinyansi chakudya chimene munakhala mmimba ndipo posakhalitsa kufa. Iwo akodwa mu zinyalala kupereka kuwonongeka amapha. Mbalame kudyetsa anapiye awo ndi yaing'ono granules lakuthwa chokhala mazira, imbaenda ku imfa. Ocean zinyalala amakhala woopsa anthu, chifukwa ambiri mitundu m'madzi amene amagwa mu izo, poizoni pulasitiki.

Zinyalala akuyandama padziko nyanja, kutchinga dzuŵa, amene amasokoneza wabwinobwino zomera ndi algae, amene amathandiza topezeka ndi kubala zakudya. mofulumira awo kungabweretse imfa ya mitundu ya moyo m'madzi. Zinyalala Island, wopangidwa mwa pulasitiki kuti si kuwola ndinso mu madzi, ana amakumana ndi mavuto otani kwa anthu onse amoyo.

Chimphona cesspool zinyalala

maphunziro Recent wochitidwa ndi asayansi asonyeza kuti ambiri a zinyalala - ndi pulasitiki ting'onoting'ono ta kukula kwa millimeters zisanu, omwe amafalitsidwa onse padziko ndi zigawo pakati pa madzi. Chifukwa cha ichi, kuti mudziwe mmene woona wa kuipitsidwa sizingatheke chifukwa kuwona zinyalala zilumba za ku Pacific Ocean kuyambira Kanema kapena ndege sindingakhoze. Choyamba, 70% ya limalephera zosapatsa pansi, ndipo kachiwiri, mandala particles pulasitiki kugona pansi padziko madzi, ndi kuwona iwo kuchokera pamwamba chabe zosatheka. Chimphona polyethylene malo Tingaone kokha kuchokera m`chombo, amene anadza naye pafupi, kapena pamadzi ndi aqualung ndi. Akatswiri ena amati dera pafupifupi 15 miliyoni makilomita.

The kusintha muyezo wa topezeka kudera

Tikamaphunzira zidutswa za pulasitiki opezeka madzi, izo zapezeka kuti kuli anthu ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono: millimeter wina wapezeka pafupifupi zikwi mabakiteriya ndi chabwinobwino ndipo angathe kuyambitsa matenda. Kunapezeka kuti zinyalala chimasintha nyanja, ndipo n'zosatheka kuneneratu zotsatira zake, ndi chifukwa anthu amadalira kwambiri topezeka alipo.

Pacific malo - si chisokonezo okha mu dziko, mu dziko pali zazikulu zingapo asanu landfills yaing'ono madzi a Antarctica ndi Alaska. Palibe katswiri sadzatha kunena chimodzimodzi zomwe ndi mlingo wa poizoni.

The anatulukira Chilumba cha zinyalala akuyandama

Kumene, kuli zochitika monga chilumba zinyalala, wodziwika oceanographers akhala ananeneratu, koma zaka 20 zapitazo pochokera regattas Captain Charles Moore anapeza padziko yatchi mamiliyoni a particles pulasitiki. Iye anali ngakhale anazindikira kuti anasambira mu zinyalala, amene sanali mapeto. Charles anachita chidwi mu vuto, anayambitsa bungwe zachilengedwe anadzipereka kuphunzira za Pacific Ocean.

Lipoti yachtsman, kumene anachenjeza za kuopa atapachikidwa pa anthu, poyamba kungopereka akukankhira padera. Izo zinali kokha pambuyo pa chimvula cha mphepo, amene kuwinduka magombe a Hawaii matani zinyalala pulasitiki kuti anapha zikwi za nyama ndi mbalame, wonenedwanso Moore anadziwika kuti dziko lonse.

Kusamala

Pambuyo pa phunziroli, imene carcinogens m'madziwo ankagwidwa, ntchito kupanga mabotolo reusable, ndi American anachenjeza kuti anapitiriza ntchito polyethylene akuyamba zingasokoneze dziko lonse. "Pulasitiki kuti zimatenga mankhwala amazipanga poizoni - anati anatulukira wa chisumbucho, wopangidwa mwa akuyandama zinyalala -. Moyo sitima kuyamwa poizoni, ndi nyanja inasanduka msuzi pulasitiki."

Choyamba, zinyalala particles ali m'mimba zolengedwa m'madzi, kenako amasamukira kwa mbale anthu. Popeza polyethylene amakhala ulalo wa unyolo chakudya, kuti anthu ndi zinadzala ndi matenda oopsa chifukwa asayansi yaitali kutsimikiziridwa kuli pulasitiki mu thupi la munthu.

"Chinyama anang'amba pa zana chala"

Zinyalala chilumba chimene sangathe kuyenda padziko tichipeza particles mphindi kupanga turbid msuzi. Oteteza chilengedwe poyerekeza ndi nyama zikuluzikulu, zimene ataphwetsedwa pa zana chala. Pamene dambo ukufika dziko, chisokonezeko ayamba. Pali milandu pamene magombe anali ndi pulasitiki "confetti" imene osati kusokoneza alendo tchuthi, komanso zinachititsa kuti imfa ya akamba nyanja.

Komabe, kuwononga topezeka zachilengedwe Chilumba cha zinyalala, umene uli chithunzi molambalala mabuku dziko chilengedwe, izo pang'onopang'ono kutembenukira mu chilumba woona ndi pamwamba olimba. Ndipo ndi akatswiri mantha kwambiri zamakono zomwe amakhulupirira kuti posachedwapa kukhala malo chodzaza katundu wa mayiko lonse.

Dambo pa dziko

Ndithu posachedwapa, anthu anali wodabwa ndi chakuti Maldives, kumene makampani alendo imene'yi akupangidwa opangidwa zinyalala kwambiri. Mwanaalirenji mahotela zosankha kwa yobwezeretsanso, malinga ndi malamulo, ndipo mwazisiya mu mulu wina. Ena boaters amene safuna kudikira mu mzere pa dambo zinyalala, monga kuwaponya mu madzi, ndipo zotsala, afika pa chongopeka analenga chilumba thilafushi zinyalala, anatembenuka mu mzinda zonyasa.

ngodya iyi si amatikumbutsa paradaiso, kufupi ndi likulu Maldivian. Pa osiyana pogwiritsa mwachizolowezi mu malo okhala akuyesera kuti apeze zinthu zilipo zogulitsa, anapachika mtambo wa wakuda chifunga ndi moto kwa zinyalala. Akhala akutayirapo dothi chimafikira m'nyanja, ndipo wayamba kale wamphamvu kuipitsa madzi ndi boma sikunathetse vuto la kutaya zinyalala. Kodi alendo kumafika thilafushi makamaka kuyang'ana tsoka opangidwa pafupi.

mfundo wowopsa

Mu 2012, akatswiri pa Scripps Institution of Oceanography anaphunzira malo zakhudzana gombe la California ndipo anapeza kuti ndalama zonsezo zinyalala chawonjezeka nthawi zana mu zaka makumi anai. Ndipo zinthu izi amadera nkhawa kwambiri ofufuza, chifukwa zikuoneka kuti nthawi idzafika pamene kudzakhala kosatheka kukonza chilichonse.

nkhani osathetsedwa

No dziko simuli okonzeka kuchita zoyeretsa malo zakhudzana ndi Charlz Mur anati motsimikiza kuti angathe kuwononga ngakhale boma olemera. Zinyalala Island mu Pacific Ocean, chithunzi cha amene amachititsa mantha tsogolo la dziko m'madzi ndale, ndi likukhalira kuti akuyandama zosapatsa - ndi kukoka. Komanso, si okwera mtengo kwambiri, koma pafupifupi chochitika zosatheka, chifukwa yaing'ono particles pulasitiki ndi yofanana ndi tinyumba tina zomera, ndi sizinathe anayamba Intaneti zimene zingakhale kutisiyanitsa zinyalala kuyambira wamng'ono okhala m'madzi. Ndipo chochita ndi zinyalala, limene kwa zaka zambiri akhazikika pansi, palibe aliyense akudziwa.

Asayansi akuchenjeza kuti ife chingalepheretse zinyalala m'madzi, ngati anthu sangathe kuchotsa zilumba zinyalala m'madzi. Photos of landfills chimphona kupanga aliyense wokhala mwa Earth kuganizira zinthu zimene kudzakhala ana ake ndi zidzukulu. Kuchepetsa kumwa pulasitiki, icho kwa yobwezeretsanso ndi, kuyeretsa aziwatsatira, ndi pamenepo pokha anthu adzatha kusunga mayi chikhalidwe ndi zipilala wapadera kuti iye watipatsa.