Natural ndi yokumba amatunga wa Krasnodar Gawo. Ntchito ndi kuteteza matupi madzi a Krasnodar Gawo

Krasnodar dera ndi phunziro la Russia kuyambira 1937. Iwo lili kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa dziko ndi gawo la Kumwera Federal District.

mitundu ya matupi madzi

Pofuna pochitika malongosoledwe a madzi a mayunitsi m'zigawozo la Russia, m'pofunika kuti anthu amvetse kuti ndi lingaliro a. Madzi - ichi ndi osakhalitsa kapena okhazikika pakhale madzi, patsogolo kapena yafupika runoff ku matendawa, masoka kapena yokumba. Kwa nyanja ndi nyanja, akuti alinso applicable, koma m'njira zambiri. Zosakhalitsa angatchedwe oxbows ndi m'madambo, kuti anthu gidroobekty zimene zimachitika pa nthawi inayake, kawirikawiri mu kasupe ndi autumn madzi osefukira.

m'mphepete mwa matupi madzi

Ndi zinthu zonse mtundu uwu monga nyanja mchere, Madamu ndi mayiwe yeniyeni Krasnodar Krai - mitsinje. Madzi anawagawa yokumba ndi masoka. Zoyambazo monga madamu, madamu mchere ndi maiwe kusambira.

Zonsezi pamwambapa zilipo pa gidroobekty Kuban, ambiri mwa akutenga dera Krasnodar. Mu kum'mwera kumadzulo ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo m'mphepete mwa dera anasambitsidwa ndi Black ndi Azov Pacific, motero. Ndi yaikulu malo achilengedwe a Krasnodar Gawo.

Nyanja Krasnodar Gawo

M'malire ndi dera Black Sea ku Psou Mtsinje, kutumikira kumalire ndi Abkhazia kuti Cape Tuzla. Kerch khwalala zikugwirizana kuti nyanja ya Azov, amene m'dera nthawi 11 wolephera Nyanja Black. Azov Sea - nyanja zing'onozing'ono Russia. Kale anawatcha Maeotis chithaphwi.

Izi malo a dera Krasnodar ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi mzake. Choncho, kuya kwambiri kwa Nyanja Black ndi 2210 (2245) meters, pamene Azov - 14. yekha The madzi mu nthaka ndi mchere kwambiri ndi mamita osakwana 200 ladzala ndi sulphide wa hydrogen, pomwe wachiwiri ndi mgodi zachilengedwe, desalinate m'mitsinje ikuluikulu - pa Don ndi Kuban, mchere lili pang'ono. Black Sea gombe, yokutidwa makamaka timiyala, pamene Azov - chipolopolo thanthwe ndi mchenga. Ndipo ngati Nyanja Black amapezeka kuti mitundu 180 ya nsomba, 40 umene ndi amalonda Azov, mpaka posachedwapa, izo amaona olemera nsomba mu dziko.

Yaikulu madzi oyera m'nyanja

Kuwonjezera pa nyanja ku nyanja yaikulu achilengedwe gidroobektam. Abrau Kardyvach ndi Psenodah - madzi a Krasnodar dera la mtundu uwu. Yaikulu madzi oyera m'nyanja kukhetsa Krasnodar Krai Abrau mosungiramo ili pa chilumba yemweyo (Abrausky), 14 Km from Novorossiysk. Pond, kwenikweni chachikulu - m'litali ndi mamita 3100, m'lifupi - 630. Kuya m'madera ena ukufika mamita 11. Galasi m'dera ndi 0,6 makilomita lalikulu. Za chiyambi chake asayansi kukangana - munthu alingaliririra karst wake, wina - anapanga chifukwa cha Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga pa. Pali mfundo kuti nyanja ndi otsalira a wakale Cimmerian madzi oyera dziwe. Nyanjayi ndi woyera kwambiri, zikuonekera bwino ndi kuchuluka kwa nkhanu pa gombe. Kupatula izi, zikupezeka pano ndi abrau sprat. Monga taonera, anatseka nyanja ndi imaphwera mu izo, imodzi yokha mtsinje - Durso, komanso mapiri ambiri mitsinje. Ndipo komabe, popanda madzi a mvula achilengedwe, nyanja shoal. Shallower ndi silts mmwamba, ngakhale miyeso atengedwa. Pafupi kuti pali ang'ono dolphin nyanja, amene akuya mamita 7. Iwo ndinazolowera ntchito ndi nyama zam'madzi - zimamangidwa dolphinarium.

maina chidwi

Dzina la Krasnodar Gawo la Madamu, aliyense wa iwo zikumveka wokongola kwambiri ndiponso zodabwitsa ndipo nthawi zambiri waphimbika mu ena mafotokozedwe. Nyanja Abrau ndipo amalowa mtsinje Durso izo, ogwirizana dzina chigawo akumidzi kukhala ndi nthano wokongola za chikondi wosasangalala. Ndipo dzina la posungira wachiwiri kukula kwa Krasnodar Region, Lake Kardyvach, lotembenuzidwa kuchokera chinenero Abaza monga "kudula mu chigwa cha."

nyanja Kardyvach

madzi onse a Krasnodar Gawo wokongola Kardyvach zambiri amatchedwa nyanja ya maloto. Msikawu 44 Km ku achisangalalo otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse wa Krasnaya Polyana tsopano inali pamalo okwera mamita 1838 pamwamba pa nyanja, ili pafupi nthawi zonse chowulungika dziwe ndi ankakonda kopita la alendo ndi mbali ya Biosphere Reserve. nyanja mChipangano kalilole - mmenemo, kupatula magombe okongola, chofewa chili pamwamba paphiri nsonga zikugwirizananso.

Otumphukira ku zake mtsinje Mzimta ndi wautali kuposa mitsinje yonse ndi mitsinje loyenda m'Nyanja Black. nyanja kutalika mamita 500, m'lifupi - 360, kuya kwa - mamita 17. Kuyenera anawonjezera kuti nyanjayi ili ku otsetsereka kum'mwera kwa Wamkulu Caucasus mapiri, kusintha mtundu - kuchokera emarodi wobiriwira ku kasupe lowala bwino m'chilimwe buluu.

nyanja Psenodah

Wachitatu waukulu lili pamalo okwera zoposa 1,900 mamita nyanja Lago-Naki yachonde - Psenodah. Maonekedwe ochititsa chidwi a nyanja - izo akufanana ndi kumwetulira. Madzi osaya - osati mita kuposa lina (kuya waukulu ukufika 3 m). N'zochititsa chidwi m'nyanja nthawi, ndipo nthawi zambiri chifukwa chosadziwika, izo Mwamsanga kenako anatchulidwanso. Ndipo pamene nadzazidwa ndi madzi, ndi n'zosadabwitsa wokongola pamaso - atazingidwa ndi meadows ndi anapangidwa ndi nsonga phirilo, yodzala madzi bwino ndi woyera.

nyanja zina Krasnodar Gawo

Pali mchere nyanja, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha alluvial kutsinde nalekanitsa madzi ndi nyanja, pafupi ndi Black ndi Azov nyanja. Kuchiritsa dothi ili mu nyanja monga Hanski, ndi Golubickaya Salt, Chemburka Sudzhukskaya ndi ntchito zolinga mankhwala. Yemweyo mchere m'nyanja ndi kuchiritsa matope ili mu zone ya steppe - pafupi Armavir Ubezhenskih pali nyanja ziwiri - yaing'ono ndi yaikulu.

Pali ena nyanja, ngati Old Kuban, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pa bedi lakale la mtsinje Kuban. Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti madzi ake ntchito yozizira Krasnodar CHP. Ndipo ntchito ulimi nsomba, ndipo posachedwapa, zolinga zamasewela (kusambira nsomba zamasewela).

Limani

Natural malo a dera Krasnodar - izo ndi khamu lalikulu la lagoon zachilengedwe ndi malo chigumula, wotchedwa mitsinje. Iwo zili pakamwa ya Kuban Mtsinje ndi chimakwirira kudera la mamita lalikulu 1,300. Km. mozama awo zimasiyanasiyana mamita 0.5 kuti 2.5. Inachitikira chifukwa cha njira ya mapangidwe pa malo Bay wa ankadziwana mtsinje. Izo zinachitika chifukwa cha maphunziro Rakushechnaya mangongo kuti wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba pa doko ku nyanja - pa Black ndi Azov. Ambiri a iwo - pansipa ndi ena mwa maina a matupi madzi a Krasnodar Gawo. Limani Akhtanizovskaya ndi Kiziltashsky, Yeisk, Beysugsky Kirpilsky ndipo wakhala ankaona kuti waukulu. Zosiyanasiyana lonse la mitsinje Kuban lagawidwa zigawo zitatu - Taman, Central ndi Ahtarsk-Grivenskuyu. Ndi ofanana monga lagoon ili pafupi ndi mitsinje ndi nyanja ndi floodplain - kutali kwa izo. Pali m'chigawocho, ndi m'madambo.

madamu

amatunga yokumba wa Krasnodar dera umaimiridwa ndi malo awa - Atakayskim ndi Varnavinsky, Krasnodar ndi Kryukovskaya, Neverdjayevskaya ndi Shapsugsky.

Madamu 10 okha zili mu beseni ya Kuban mu Krasnodar Gawo. Yaikulu osati dera koma lonse North Caucasus ndi Krasnodar mosungiramo, kwathunthu ndi madzi ndi kuika kugwira ntchito mu 1975. Iwo kumezedwa pano m'mbuyomu Tschikskoe posungira. Cholinga cha mapangidwe ake anali chigumula kulamulira mu Kuban pambuyo pake (aturukamo inflows monga White Kuban, Pshish, Martha, Apchas, Shunduk, Psekups) ndi kulima mpunga.

Chitetezo ndi ntchito

Ntchito ndi kuteteza matupi madzi a Krasnodar Gawo akugwirizira ntchito m'madi- zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, posungira ntchito kusunga chofunika mlingo madzi zomwe navigation. amatunga onse, kupatulapo mchere, ntchito ulimi wothirira ndi malo osakwanira chinyezi, kuonetsetsa minda yachibadwa ya ulimi wothirira, kuphatikizapo mpunga.

Nthaŵi zonse kuyan'anila udindo wa matupi madzi mkati chimango, imene ndi mwaukhondo ndi AIDS kuyang'aniridwa ndi polojekiti. Boma la khalidwe madzi zimawonedwa pa mfundo 297 zitsanzo zosankhidwazi. 42 zili m'madzi Ine gulu (zoweta madzi), 136 - II gulu (kusambira, masewera, tchuti), 119 - III (asodzi) gulu. Kuyambira May 15 mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo yotentha tchuthi ndi aliyense masiku khumi zasayansi polojekiti khalidwe madzi. The okhazikika ofotokozera ntchito ndi anthu pa inadmissibility cha kuwonongeka kwa madzi.

kuipa kwa malo

Zachilengedwe boma la matupi madzi a Krasnodar Gawo anatsimikiza pamaziko a zambiri analandira ulamuliro matupi. Iwo akhoza kunena kuti mavuto pa nsonga mayiwe kwakukulu. Zikuphatikizapo zikutha m'mayiko nsomba, kuwononga matupi madzi - shallowing, siltation, overgrowth mitsinje, waterlogging. M'mphepete mwa nyanja kukokoloka, kukha m'tawuni zoletsedwa madzi, kuipitsidwa chilengedwe ndi zinyalala poizoni mafakitale ndi kuipitsidwa nyukiliya wa m'deralo ndi zambiri ngakhale zotsatira mu mvula acid. Kusintha kwambiri m'dera Krasnodar zinachitika chifukwa cha madzi ndi mankhwala reclamation, amene anali kungasokoneze zinthu nthaka - chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake mpaka 50% a feteleza ndi mankhwala kutsukidwa mu matupi a madzi, omwe sakanakhoza koma kuyambitsa mavuto.