Ndi lymph mfundo zimene: malo, kapangidwe ndi kukula. Zifukwa kuwonjezeka mwanabele

ndi lymph mfundo ziti? Yankho zochuluka funso mupeze zipangizo nkhani. Komanso, ife kufotokoza chifaniziro cha dongosolo thupi komanso zifukwa kutupa wake, zotsatira zotheka, ndi zina zotero.

mwachidule

ndi lymph mfundo ziti? Lymph mfundo amatchedwa ziwalo dongosolo lymphatic, yomwe imagwira ntchito ya fyuluta zachilengedwe zotumphukira. Kudzera kumatsika lymph onse akubwera kuchokera ku mbali zosiyana ndi ziwalo za thupi. Anthu secrete magulu angapo mayunitsi amenewa, amene ayitanidwa ndi dera.

Kukula kwa mwanabele

Kunja, ndi lymph mfundo kuyang'ana ngati kuzungulira, chowulungika, nyemba-mphako kapena riboni ngati mapangidwe zina. makulidwe awo zosiyanasiyana pakati millimeters 0.5-50 kapena zambiri. Monga amadziwika, ziwalo zimenezi zotumphukira ali akuda grayish-pinki mtundu. Lymph mfundo zimapezeka kokha m'kupita kwa ziwiya lymphatic , ndipo anakonza mu masango zidutswa teni pafupi mitsempha lalikulu Mitsempha.

maonekedwe

anthu lymph mfundo okutidwa connective minofu m'chimake, amene kuwonjezera mu thupi la otchedwa trabeculae kapena milimo. Iwo akuyimira thandizo dongosolo pachiyambi. Tikumbukenso kuti chiwalo zotumphukira kwambiri, kugwira ntchito zachilengedwe a sefa wapangidwa ndi stroma. Iwo aumbike mwa reticular connective minofu, amene maselo a ndondomeko, kupanga zopezera atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena. Komanso, stroma tichipeza phagocytic zinthu (kapena macrophages), lymph mfundo anayimiridwa mwa mitundu angapo.

Kapangidwe mkati mwa mfundo lymph

Pa gawo la mwanabele yomweyo limatchula mabacteria kuwiri. Pafupi kuti emvulopuyo - kotekisi. Ndi kusiyanitsa gawo pamwamba ndi kuya dera la kotekisi (kapena otchedwa paracortical wosanjikiza). Pakuti woyendera nthambi lamkati la mfundo lymph zikuphatikizapo medulla.

Danga lonse la thupi ladzala ndi minofu lymphoid. M'dera padziko kotekisi, umene uli pafupi ndi mthunzi, ndi tinatake tozungulira yaing'ono kapena follicles. Tikumbukenso kuti ali ndi chapakati kuwala gawo (germinative pakati), kumene zosiyanasiyana za B-lymphocytes ndi Antigen-kuchulukana, komanso mdima padziko, lomwe lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha kwambiri spaced wina ndi mzake ndi lymphocytes mwachilungamo yaing'ono.

Mfundo ntchito

Mu lymphocytes paracortical zone spaced wogawana ndi zolimba kwambiri. Mu gawo ili la thupi chimakhala chogwidwa ndi T-lymphocytes. Apa akukumana zosiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa Antigen. Pa medulla, matsango a minofu lymphoid mu ubongo ndipo lili chingwe (myelinated kapena zingwe), omwe amasamukira padziko kutumphuka B-lymphocytes.

Mfundo ntchito limba zotumphukira ndi izi: a lymph loyenda ndi mfundo pa zabwino ndi mbali otukukira kunja chotengera, ndipo umayenda kuchokera mbali concave wa kupilira. Pankhaniyi, mkati mfundo lymph m'malo pang'onopang'ono seeps malo otchedwa sinuses. Iwo lili pakati pa khungu ndi trabeculae, ndi minofu lymphoid.

Monga Mitsempha danga lamkati la mfundo ali akalowa yake, amene anapanga maselo littoral kapena onshore. Monga ulamuliro, njira zawo akuuzidwa mu nkusani, kumene amakhudzana ndi maselo reticular. Tikumbukenso kuti mosiyana ndi ziwiya ochiritsira mu nkusani M'mimbamo si free, chifukwa kwathunthu watsekedwa ndi maukonde atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena. Chifukwa ili dongosolo lymph kulowa unit, pang'onopang'ono seeps, zomwe zimalimbikitsa ake mosamala kutsukidwa kwa matupi yachilendo. Komanso, ndondomeko izi zimachitika kudzera macrophages, ili pa nsonga ya aggregates lymphoid. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, pa ndime ya Sine (medulla) lymph kwathunthu zimalimbikitsa ndi chitetezo tyazhu (ubongo) popanga maselo plasma.

ndi lymph mfundo ziti?

ndi lymph mfundo zomwe, tapeza kunja. Amene mukufuna kulankhula za, n'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera matupi awa. chakuti madzi lymph mfundo kumabweretsa otchedwa antigens yachilendo. Izi zimachititsa chitukuko cha m'thupi ayankhe ziwalo zosiyanasiyana. Malinga mtundu ndi chikhalidwe cha matupi yachilendo, maganizo angathe mofulumira m'madera kunja kapena mkati. Izi zimachititsa sadzachitanso noticeable ndi amphamvu kuwonjezeka kwa makulidwe a mfundo. Choncho, mukhoza bwinobwino kudziŵika kuti ziwalo zotumphukira awa akuimira mtundu wa chotchinga kufalitsa matenda osati osiyana komanso khansa. Pambuyo mfundo akhoza zipse maselo zoteteza amene amagwira ntchito mwachangu chiwonongeko cha antigens ena ndi zinthu zina.

Kodi lymph mfundo?

Lymph mfundo (chithunzi m'nkhani ino) ali mu thupi gulu lalikulu, limene pali zidutswa khumi. Iwo zili choncho monga kupewa chitukuko cha matenda osiyanasiyana ndi khansa. Pachifukwa ichi kuti mfundo ili pafupi zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wa ziwalo ndi kachitidwe, ndicho chigongono ndi bondo makutu, m'khwapa ndi groin. Komanso, zili mu khosi, chifuwa ndi pamimba. Choncho, lymph mfundo amateteza wathunthu pa matenda osiyanasiyana ndi zotupa pa mutu.

mitundu ya mfundo

Tikumbukenso kuti dongosolo zosefera si malo tatchulazi. Limfokapillyary kusinthitsa ziwalo zonse za mkati. Komabe, iwo amagwira ntchito chimodzimodzi.

Choncho, pali magulu angapo a mwanabele mu thupi, akuti:

• intrathoracic;
• bronchopulmonary;
• chigongono;
• ndulu;
• Para-kung'ambika;
• mesenteric;
• iliac (kunja, mkati, ndipo general);
• inguinal (kungotengeka ndi akuya);
• m'chuuno;
• popliteal.

Chifukwa kutupa lymph mfundo?

Zifukwa kuwonjezeka mwanabele - zosiyanasiyana matenda. Tikumbukenso kuti umboni akutulukira kwerani ya vuto ndendende malo imene ili. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka lymph ndi mfundo kugwirizana ndi matenda aliwonse. Komanso, kudwala izi zimachitika pa maziko a chotupa chotupa.

Choncho, tiyeni tione, chifukwa chake, ndipo kodi matenda pali ponso mwanabele ana ndi akulu:

• Purulent njira. Childs, ndi amenewa kupatuka otchedwa pachimake lymphadenitis. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha ingress wa tizilombo zilonda, zomwe zili mu zone kupeza ya chiwalo zotumphukira. Zizindikiro zazikulu kutupa monga maonekedwe wachifundo ndi redness. Ngati pa nthawi yotero si kuwulula kugundana chifukwa, khamu chipolopolo chiphwanya ndi mafinya adzakhala kudutsa mu minofu ozungulira, motero kulenga ndithu vuto aakulu otchedwa phlegmon.
• Chokulitsidwa lymph mfundo ana nthawi zambiri amasonyeza pamaso pa chifuwa. Kawirikawiri, pa anthu tokhala matenda aumbike mwa M'mimbamo thoracic ndi khosi.
• Nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha mfundo zikuluzikulu lymph ana ndi bakiteriya Bartonella. Onyamula mabakiteriya zimenezi ndizo mphaka, amene zimakhalapo zambiri anaona mwana. Ndi kupyolera mabala awa chafalikiradi nyongolosi mofulumira kwambiri ndi limfososudam ndi mu mfundo, amene kenako Kuonjezera ndi kukhala zopweteka kwambiri. Motero, kwa nthawi yaitali sikapola zamafinya zinangoti bala, komanso paini chulucho, amene anaonekera lotsatira, ayenera likunena za kupitilira matenda "mphaka zikande".
• Pamene SARS akuluakulu ndi ana kungakhale kwa magulu angapo mfundo kutupa lymph. Chifukwa zopatuka izi kwambiri chitetezo poyankha nkhondo ya thupi wodwalayo mavairasi iliyonse. Tikumbukenso kuti zoterezi ndi lymph mfundo ukuwonjezeka si amphamvu kwambiri, koma iwo ali chopweteka kwambiri pa palpation.
• matenda Venereal, makamaka, chindoko, komanso kukhala chifukwa cha mfundo zikuluzikulu lymph. Pankhaniyi, wodwala kusunga mu apezeka wake m'dera groin, komanso zilonda za kumaliseche. Mosiyana ndi matenda ena chindoko zikuluzikulu lymph mfundo kungakhale sabweretsa chisoni, ndi moyenera, imperceptible anthu.
• Long osati kudutsa gulu anawonjezera lymph mfundo zingasonyeze pamaso pa matenda aakulu monga listeriosis, brucellosis, HIV kapena mononucleosis.

Kuwonjezeka mfundo ndi zotupa

malo chotupa kumachitika chifukwa matenda lymphoproliferative (poyamba linachokera ku lymph mfundo kutupa), komanso zotupa metastatic. The kupatuka woyamba Mawuwa amatanthauzanso lymphosarcoma ndi matenda Hodgkin a. Lymph mfundo matenda amenewa ziwonjezeke kwa masentimita anayi kapena asanu ndipo wandiweyani ndithu. Komabe, ngati kumverera anapanga apezeka si chopweteka. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, kuwonjezeka koyamba kwapakati pa-m'mimba kapena intrathoracic lymph mfundo matenda simungathe kuzindikira.

kuti adzimvera

Tsopano inu mukudziwa chomwe lymph mfundo. Tikumbukenso kuti kuwonjezeka mu zotumphukira matupi dongosolo mwamsanga kuchenjeza mtima. chifukwa chake n'chapafupi: chikhalidwe pathological zikusonyeza zimene zimachitika zoopsa ndondomeko ndi moyo mu thupi la munthu. Pankhaniyi, izo tikulimbikitsidwa yomweyo dokotala ndipo linakhala zachipatala Kupenda zonse.