The Lorenz pamapindikira ndi udindo wake mu chuma

The Lorenz pamapindikira ndi Zithunzi limasonyeza mmene alipo mu kugawana ndalama anthu lochitira malonda ndi chuma.

M'zaka za m'ma mochedwa 19 - m'ma 20, ndalama lochitira wakhala mutu wa kafukufuku wa chuma ambiri kutsogolera Ulaya ndi America. The vuto lalikulu kuphunzira panali kufufuza mphamvu ndi chilungamo za chuma ndi ndalama ndi kugonjetsa mu chuma msika. Mu 1905, Maks Lorents, ndi statistician American, zachitika njira yakeyake ziyenera a kufalitsidwa ndalama, omwe anatchedwa kuti "Lorenz pamapindikira".

Mu Zithunzi pa x-olamulira akuimira chiwerengero cha anthu ngati kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero, ndi olamulira ofukula - gawo la ndalama monga kuchuluka kwa ndalama okwana. The Zithunzi zikusonyeza kuti anthu pali nthawi disparities chuma. Mwachitsanzo, woyamba 20% ya anthu amalandira zochepa 5% ya ndalama, 30% ya anthu - 10% ya ndalama, 50% - 25% ya ndalama, ndi zina zotero. The Lorenz pamapindikira zikusonyeza gawo la ndalama choikidwa magulu osiyana a anthu, anapanga kukula kwa ndalama chifukwa.

Zikatero, ngati anati anthu yunifolomu kufalitsidwa ndalama, ndiye pamapindikira adzakhala mzere wolunjika (bisector ya njingayo pakati olamulira a abscissa ndi kukhazikitsa olamulira). mzere uwu umatchedwa kufanana mtheradi. Mtheradi kufanana n'chotheka chiphunzitso. mzere Izi zikusonyeza kuti aliyense kuchuluka yeniyeni ya mabanja kulandira kuchuluka koyenera ndalama. Ndiko kuti, ngati 20%, 50%, 70% ya anthu adzalandira ankalemekeza 20%, 50%, 70% ya ndalama zonse, pamene mfundo lolingana ili bisector lapansi. Ndipo choncho, ngati ndalama lonse nkhani 1% ya anthu, ndiye Zithunzi udindo akanati zimaonekera ofukula mzere - lochitira mtheradi. Choncho, Lorenz pamapindikira limakupatsani kuyerekeza kufalitsidwa ndalama pakati pa magulu osiyana anthu kapena panyengo zosiyanasiyana nthawi.

Kuchokera pa Zithunzi ankaonetsa Gini koyefishienti. Choncho, Lorenz pamapindikira ndi Gini koyefishienti kwambiri zogwirizana.

The Gini koyefishienti ndi chizindikiro kachulukidwe a mlingo wa lochitira lafalitsidwa ndalama zimene mungachite osiyana. The koyefishienti anayamba kupanga Korrado Dzhini, Italy zachuma, demographer ndi statistician.

The ndalama zochepa mofanana anagawira, bwinobwino Gini koyefishienti umodzi. Unit limafanana ndi ungwiro lochitira. Choncho, yunifolomu kwambiri kugawa, chiŵerengero adzakhala pafupi ndi ziro. Zero limafanana ndi kufanana mtheradi. Kachitidwe ka ndalama kutengerapo ndi kupata misonkho akhoza kubweretsa mzere kufalitsa kufanana mtheradi. Monga zinachitikira m'mayiko olemera, ndi nthawi kufalitsa lochitira ndalama yafupika.

Wina wa zizindikiro kambirimbiri lafalitsidwa ndalama ya anthu ndi a decile koyefishienti. Izo zimasonyeza chiŵerengero pakati pa ndalama pafupifupi peresenti khumi alionse koposa kulipira ndalama pafupifupi khumi peresenti ya osachepera mwayi.

Pakuti Russian kusintha chuma cha nineties anali yodziwika ndi makhalidwe a kuwonjezeka ndalama lochitira. Chakumapeto 1991, decile koyefishienti anali 5.4, mu 1995 izo anakonzeka 13.4, ndipo mu 1998 - kuti 13.5. The Gini koyefishienti kuchuluka kwa 0,376 mu 1998 kufika 0,256 mu 1991. The zosiyanasiyana za ndalama, nthawi zambiri limodzi ndi malipiro kusiyana pakati pa ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale zina ndi ntchito. Interprofessional ndi m'makalata zosiyanasiyana za misinkhu malipiro mu chuma msika limasonyeza ntchito chikhalidwe zothandiza, ndi miyeso yolinganizira ntchito ndi maphunziro.