Ndi oratorio nyimbo chiyani?

Kodi wokamba? Mawu amenewa amatanthauzanso nyimbo zambiri zimene zinalembedwa kwa oketsra (kuphatikizapo limba), chifukwa kwayara, komanso munthu oimba-soloists. Nthawi zambiri, nkhani ya oratorio zachokera mfundo za m'Baibulo.

Mbiri ya yatsoka

Pofuna kumvetsa ndi oratorio nyimbo, muyenera kuyang'ana pa mbiriyakale ya lingaliro ili. Akukhulupirira kuti mankhwala chaonekera mapeto a XVI m'ma Oratory mpingo, omwe anakhazikitsidwa ndi St. Filipom Neri ku Italy. Dzina amachokera kwa Latin mawu "oratorium", kutanthauza chipinda chapadera lakonzedwa kuti mamembala pemphero ndi msonkhano wa mpingo.

"Pa moyo ndi thupi," Emilio De Cavalieri - ndi mankhwala oyamba kuti amalola kuti kuona kuti oratorio nyimbo. Tsimikizani kuti chinali chinthu chatsopano mawonekedwe a nyimbo, monga wapangidwa ndi osiyana payekha mawu kuti zinali zambiri zosiyanasiyana, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoimbira ndi kwayala.

Anaulemba oratorios pa m'Baibulo ndi ulaliki yaikulu ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito kuchita mwachindunji mu kachisi mu masiku a tchuthi kwambiri achipembedzo. Chotero, panali Christmas, Isitara, mokhudza, ndi zina zofanana nyimbo. The kwambiri tanthauzo la mawu Iye anafotokoza, izo Choyamba linali pemphero Komabe, pa nthawi chidutswa cha nyimbo likupitirirabe yolembedwa ndi anasamukira ku siteji ya bwalo lamasewera.

mumaganiza Development ku Italy

Italy - Dziko kumene anabadwa wogwira. Oimba Benedetto Ferrari Agostino Agatstsari Loreto Vitoria, Dzhakomo Karissimi, ndi ena ambiri mwaisandutsa chidutswa cha nyimbo momwe izo ziriri lero, kuphatikizapo kapangidwe, alternating makolasi, manambala malangizo, komanso pamtima miyambo malemba a m'Baibulo.

Ntchito ndi alembi amenewa amadziŵika ndi kukhalapo kwa mitundu yowala, lightness ndi ungwiro. A udindo wapadera anapatsidwanso kwa Alessandro Scarlatti, amene ntchito anali nsonga ya malangizo nyimbo.

Oratorio ku Germany

Pofuna kumvetsa ndi oratorio nyimbo, osati kutchula udindo wa Germany. Ndi mu dziko lino chimatsatira kutsogolera chitukuko cha chidutswa cha nyimbo m'zaka XVII. Chiyambi cha nthawi ili liri ntchito "masautso" Heinrich Schütz, izo anagonjera kunja m'dera la Italy chinthu choterocho monga oratorio ndi. Zitsanzo za ntchito Germany nthawi otsatirawa: "Bethulia liberata" Ignaz Holtsbauera Yakobo, "La Conversione di S. Agostino" Johann Adolf Hasse, ndi ntchito Antonio Kaldara, Nicola neri Al Yomelli Zapamwamba luso Ioganna Mattezona limene likutengera wokamba ku Chikatolika. mpingo wa Chiprotestanti. Iye analemba mabuku 24 nyimbo, nkhani yomwe unatengedwa kuchokera m'Baibulo Komabe, kugwirizana ndi ino. Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti amasonyeza wina, kodi ndi oratorio.

Handel, Bach, ndi Haydn

Zotsatira nyimbo anafika pachimake ntchito za geniuses monga Handel, Bach, ndi Haydn. analemba izi anatha kupuma moyo watsopano mu mtundu wanyimbo ndi kutenga izo kuchokera mu akachisi mu zisudzo ndi zoimbaimba alendi.

Iogann dzipulumutse kwathunthu kusinthidwa miyambo German wokamba, kupereka dziko katswiri monga "Khirisimasi Oratorio", "Isitala Oratorio" ndi ntchito "St. John masautso" ndi "St. Mateyu masautso." Ntchito izi ndi lero ankaona kuti lapadera ndi kaŵirikaŵiri amawonekera pa magawo.

Yozef Gaydn analemba mabuku awiri lalikulu polemba chinenero ichi, "The Chilengedwe" ndi "Nyengo." Mu ntchito, anagwiritsa ntchito malemba a boma, potero kukonza oratorio, moyo wa munthu wamba, chimwemwe ndi chisoni chake. Iye anatha kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwa mawu ndi nyimbo molondola.

Fridrih Gendel mosiyana anasonyeza kuti oratorio amenewa. KUFOTOKOZERA mtundu wanyimbo monga wolemba - osakaniza miyambo Italy ndi Germany ndi peculiarities. Pamwamba pa ntchito yake kuti ntchito monga "Mesiya," "Isiraeli mu Iguputo", "Samsoni" ndi ena.

m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi

Kuchokera pakati pa XIX m'ma kusintha oratorio dongosolo ndipo akuyamba kubwerera ku mizu yake. Zojambula mwachidwi yoyankhira mu ntchito zosiyanasiyana nyimbo ndi chorales. Malemba okha ndi zina kusinkhasinkha ndi kusinkhasinkha. Mpingo wa Katolika m'njira yosiyana anasonyeza kuti oratorio izi. Izi linapereka kwa Felike Mendelssohn, amene analenga katswiri monga "Eliya" ndi "St. Paul", komanso List Ferents ndi ntchito za "Nthano ya St. Elizabeth" ndi "Kristu".

Kusintha akubwera ku France, kumene ngakhale chikondi chilengedwe cha opera, omvera amakhala ndi chidwi ndi oratorio. Nthawi imeneyi panali mayina monga Charles-Fransua Guno, Camille Saint-Saëns, Zhyul Massne, Gabriel Pierné ndi ena. Ntchito ya analemba awa anali wotchuka kwambiri osati Europe komanso ku America.

The mzaka zana makumi awiri ndi nthawi yathu

XX m'ma mosiyana limasonyeza kuti oratorio izi. Ntchito amakhala ndi ntchito mitu miyambo m'Baibulo, koma ndi kutanthauzira zakuya, amene amagwirizana ndi mavuto aakulu a nthawi yathu.

Komanso, nthawi imeneyi amakhala ndi mgwirizano wa oratorio ndi Mitundu zina zofanana, kuphatikizapo zisudzo ndi adagulung'undisa. Izi makamaka noticeable ntchito Artyura Oneggera, Dariyusa Miyo, Igorya Fodorovicha Stravinskogo ndi ena. Zikuoneka ndi watsopano malangizo - ndi oratorio-opera. Mu nthawi yathu, polemba chinenero ichi nyimbo akadali otchuka ndi angapezeke pa zithunzi wotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse.

Kusiyana zisudzo ndi cantata

Mu XVI-XVII m'ma imodzi wokamba, panali Mitundu ina nyimbo, kuphatikizapo zisudzo ndi oratorio. Ntchito zoterozo yodziwika ndi amafanana kwa Soloists ndi Mitundu mokwanira chimodzimodzi kwaya ndi yana. Ngakhale izi, iwonso makhalidwe chosiyana.

Ngati ife kulankhula za opera, ndi mtundu wanyimbo pafupi oratorio Komabe, ali chooneka siteji kanthu, makamaka akanema, zovala. Zinthu zimene zikusowa mu oratory lapansi. Komanso, Opera amalola kugwiritsa ntchito nkhani zosiyanasiyana popanda kufunika ndende okha mabuku achipembedzo. Chinthu china chofunika ndi kuti nyimboyi ukulamulira oratorio, pamene kuonera sewero lirilonse wosewera ali ndi mwayi wokhoza awo ndi luso. Kusiyana komanso tiri mu nthawi ya ntchito. Oratorio kumatenga za ola limodzi (pazipita awiri) pamene woyendetsa yaitali.

Koma cantata, ndi oratorio payekha amaoneratu ochuluka ndi sewero kwambiri. Cantata komanso zimaonetsa lalifupi nthawi, kotero nthawizina ngakhale zinthu monga mbali ya oratorio lapansi. Chotero khalidwe la Bach.

kapangidwe

Oratorio yodziwika ndi kuika zotsatirazi zigawo zikuluzikulu:

• Zoimbidwa Overture;
• Recitative. Ntchito kumveketsa lembalo ndi chiwembu;
• Choral Arias. Nthawi zambiri mchitidwe uwu ndi udindo kukwezedwa kwa Ambuye. Arias limodzi ndi malipenga ndi timpani.

Malinga powonekera ndi makhalidwe a zikuchokera, wokamba mwina ndi zigawo zina zowonjezera. Izi anatsimikiza ndi zolinga za polojekitiyi omvera ndi maganizo a anthu wolemba.

Oratorio - ntchito yaikulu ya chilengedwe nyimbo, zimene zimaphatikizapo nawo kwayala, soloists ndi yana. Anatinso maziko chiwembu polemba chinenero ichi ndi malemba m'Baibulo.