Carl Maria Von Weber - wolemba, woyambitsa wa German Achikondi za zisudzo: yonena ndi ntchito

Carl Maria Von Weber - wotchuka German Wolemba ndi woimba kwa zaka za m'ma 18, anali msuweni wa mkazi wa Mozart. Iye anathandiza kwambiri chitukuko cha nyimbo ndi zisudzo. M'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa wa Romanticism ku Germany. Ntchito otchuka kwambiri Wolemba anayamba kuonera sewero lake.

Carl Maria Von Weber: MBIRI. ubwana

Carl anabadwa mu yaing'ono German m'tauni ya Eutin (Holstein). Izo zinachitika chochitika December 18, 1786. bambo ake anali Frants Veber, wokhala ndi chikondi chachikulu nyimbo. Iye anali wazamalonda mu oyendayenda zisudzo gululo.

Childhood oimba tsogolo la Kale pakati pa zisudzo zisudzo woyendayendawu. Mtundu uwu wa mlengalenga ali kwambiri ndi kutumikira mnyamata m'tsogolo. Choncho, ndi zisudzo gululo anam'phunzitsa chidwi Mitundu zoterezi-nyimbo ndipo anaperekanso zokhudza malamulo zochitika nyimbo ndi limatchula za Kochititsa Art.

Ali mwana, Weber ndiponso mokangalika chidwi ndi chidwi kupenta. Komabe, bambo ndi mchimwene anayesa bwino nyimbo. Franz, ngakhale woyendayenda nthawi zonse, anatha kupereka mwana wake wabwino maphunziro nyimbo.

The zikuchokera loyamba

Mu 1796, Carl Maria Von Weber anaphunzira limba mu Hildburghausen, ndiye chinkhoswe mu Salzburg ndizosowa counterpoint mu 1707, ndiye mu Munich ku 1798 kuti 1800 anaphunzira zikuchokera luso pa bwalo limba Kalheroma. M'zaka zimenezi, anatengera kuimba maphunziro.

Carl kwambiri chidwi nyimbo. Ndipo mu 1798 iye anali pansi pa utsogoleri wa Y. M. Gaydna ngakhale analenga Fughettas angapo kiyibodi. Icho chinali choyamba cha Wolemba lapansi. Kodi sizodabwitsa, koma nyimbo za zisudzo Carl Maria Von Weber anayamba kulemba m'banda. Monga pambuyo fugues ziwiri zikhadabvala analenga lalikulu, lomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa, komanso ngati gulu lalikulu, Allemande, Ecossaises, zoseketsa malamulo. Koma ambiri anali Singspiel "Peter Schmoll ndi anansi ake", olengedwa mwa 1801. Inali ntchito yapindula pabvomelezo la Johann Michael Haydn.

udindo wapamwamba

Mu 1803 kunali chitukuko kwambiri pa ntchito ya woyambitsa tsogolo la German Achikondi opera. Chaka chino Weber anafika ku Vienna pambuyo ulendo wautali kudutsa Germany. Apa wakumana ndi otchuka kwambiri pa mphunzitsi nthawi nyimbo Abbé Vogler. munthu mwachangu taonera mipata zinalili mu chidziwitso nyimbo ndi ongolankhula a Charles, natenga kubwezeretsa awo. Wolemba ankagwira ntchito mwakhama ndipo kwambiri mphoto. Mu 1804 iye, mnyamata wa seventini, anatenga kopelmeysterom, mwachitsanzo mutu, mu Breslau Opera, chifukwa cha zothandizira mipingo yawo Vogler. chochitika Ichi chinali nyengo yatsopano ya zilandiridwenso ndi moyo Weber, womwenso zotsatirazi nthawi chimango - kuchokera 1804 mpaka 1816.

Chiyambi cha nthawi yofunika kwambiri zilandiridwenso

Music Karla Marii Von Weber pa nthawi ino akukumana ndi kusanduka lalikulu. Ambiri, kuyambira 1804, ntchito zonse za Wolemba zinasintha. Panthawi imeneyi, kunachititsa maganizo zokongoletsa ndi kaonedwe Weber ndi luso loimba kumaonekera bwino kwambiri.

Komanso, Carl anapeza talente weniweni monga kulinganiza m'munda wa zisudzo nyimbo. Ndipo olondera ndi gululo mu Prague ndi Breslau analitsegula luso wochititsa a. Koma Weber sikunali kokwanira kuti adziwe mwambo chakale, iye amafuna kuti atembenuke onse ndi olondola. Kotero, iye, monga wochititsa ndi, zasintha mu sewero la oimba oketsra kuyitanitsa Kusinthaku. Tsopano iwo ali m'magulumagulu monga mtundu wa chida. Wolemba uyu wa loimba mwachidwi, mfundo ya malawi, amene adzakhala otchuka mu zaka 19 ndi 20.

kusintha molimba mtima khumi Weber kumbuyo ndi kuwawonjezera mphamvu zonse za unyamata, ngakhale kukana kwa oimba zida komanso amene akufuna kusunga mwambo, mbiri m'mabwalo German.

Waukulu mankhwala a nthawi ino

M'zaka 1807-1810 akuyamba kutsutsa nyimbo ndi zolembalemba ntchito ya Carl Maria Von Weber. Iye akuyamba kulemba ndemanga nkhani za masewero ndi ntchito nyimbo, akuyamba buku lotchedwa "Moyo woimba" zolembedwa wake abstracts yekha analemba.

Ntchito olembedwa nthawi wolemba a loyamba, kulola kuti tione mmene pang'onopang'ono owala m'tsogolo makhalidwe a kalembedwe msinkhu ndi lalikulu wolemba. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mtengo waukulu mu mfundo za luso kupeza ntchito nyimbo modabwitsa Weber, Pakati:

• Singspiel "Abu Hassan".
• "Silvana" opera.
• nthetemya awiri ndi cantatas awiri mpandadzina.

Komanso nthawi imeneyi panali zambiri kum'sangalatsa, songs, Arias, makolasi, etc.

Dresden nthawi

Kumayambiriro a 1817 Carl Maria Von Weber anali kondakitala wa Dresden "Deutsche Oper". Mu chaka chomwecho anakwatira Kerolayn Brandt, kuimba.

Kuyambira nthawi, zofunika kwambiri ndi nthawi yomalizira ya Wolemba amene anamaliza 1826 ndi imfa yake. Panthawi imeneyi khalidwe kwambiri amatenga wochititsa ndi ntchito gulu Weber. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye ankayenera kuti stolknutsya mavuto monga wochititsa ndi mtsogoleri. Luso Karla Marii mwachangu anatsutsa miyambo ed umalamulira pafupifupi theka atumwi, komanso F. Morlakki, wochititsa kampani Italy sewero Dresden. Ngakhale izi, Weber anatha kusonkhanitsa zatsopano German za zisudzo mtembo. Komanso, iye ankatha ena zisudzo kwambiri, kaya ogwira inadequately ophunzitsidwa.

Koma sindikuganiza kuti Weber Wolemba anapereka njira kwa Weber-Kapellmeister. Iye anatha kuphatikiza onse a maudindo amenewa ndi kwakukuru kulimbana nawo. Iwo anali pa nthawi ino kudza ku dziko lapansi zolengedwa zabwino mbuye, kuphatikizapo za zisudzo wotchuka kwambiri.

"Der Freischütz"

The nkhani anauza mu sewero la izi, kunayamba nkhani Folk za mmene munthu anagulitsa moyo wake kwa satana fumbi matsenga chimene chinamuthandiza kupambana mpikisano oponya mivi. mphotho A ukwati kwa dona wokondeka, chimene chinali chikondi ndi ngwazi ya. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu opera kuti chinali chinthu pafupi ndi bwino kuti mtima wa German. Weber zinasonyeza moyo wosalira mudzi ndi naivety chimatsogoleredwa ndi nthabwala mwano. Kulodzedwa nkhalango ndi kubisala pansi wofatsa kumwetulira otherworldly mantha ndi otchuka kwa atsikana mudzi ndi chikondwero alenje, mathero akalonga amphamvu ndi chilungamo.

Izi nkhani chodabwitsa anaphatikizidwa nyimbo zodabwitsa, ndi zonse izi wakhala galasi aliyense German. Mu ntchito iyi Weber osati anamasulidwa sewero German ndi kukopa Italy ndi French, koma anatha kuika maziko a ŵa operatic mawonekedwe 19 atumwi.

The kuyamba zinachitika pa 18 June 1821 ndi bwino chosakhulupirika omvetsera, ndipo Weber anakhala weniweni dziko ngwazi.

Kenako, kuonera sewero wakhala anazindikira momwe chilengedwe wamkulu wa dziko German chikondi zisudzo. Wolemba lagona pa mtundu wanyimbo singspiel, ntchito mitundu lonse nyimbo zimene kukhutitsa ntchito ndi sewero maganizo. A malo aakulu kutenga za zisudzo zofunikila zithunzi nyimbo ya m'nkhaniyi ndi zochitika za moyo watsiku ndi tsiku zokhudzana ndi German wowerengeka nyimbo. momveka bwino kuti anasonyeza mitunda nyimbo ndi nkhani wosangalatsa chifukwa kuchuluka kwa oimba analengedwa ndi Weber.

Kapangidwe ka opera ndi zochititsa nyimbo

"Der Freischütz" ikuyamba ndi overture, chimene chimakhala chogwidwa ndi loyenda nyimbo nyanga. Pamaso pa azionerera limachokera zachinsinsi chibwenzi chithunzi cha nkhalango, kumva ndakatulo ya nkhani wakale kusaka. Mbali yaikulu ya overture anafotokoza kulimbana zotsutsana. Itha kulowa mwakachetechete otchuka coda.

Zochita za kachitidwe koyamba kumachitika maziko zochitika misa mokondwera. Ife tikuona chithunzi maholide wamba, mwangwiro kulengedwanso chifukwa cha kumayambiriro choral, wowerengeka nyimbo amajambulapo maluwa okongola. Melody zikumveka ngati kwenikweni masewero oimba m'mudzi ndi okongoletsedwa yosavuta Waltz amakhala ndi kuphweka ndi naivete.

Ndi holide lakuthwa kusiyana aria gamekeeper Max, amene ali wodzala nkhawa ndi chisokonezo. Ndipo lachiwiri tebulo nyimbo jaegers Caspar bwinobwino anamva pachimake mungoli kulimbikitsa ndi kanthu mofulumira.

Mchitidwe chachiwiri lagawidwa zithunzi ziwiri, zosiyana ndi mzake. Mu gawo loyamba timamva woyamba osasamalira Arietta Mngelo, ponena kuti shading wa chiyero ndi malingaliro akuya mnzake wa Agatha. Chithunzi mwadzaza alternating nyimbo nyimbo ndi recitatives limaonetseratu, zomwe zimathandiza kumvetsa maganizo a mtsikanayo. Otsiriza ladzala ndi chimwemwe, kuwala ndi nzeru.

Komabe, mu chithunzi chachiwiri wayamba kuonjezera maganizo kwambiri. Ndipo udindo waukulu zapatsidwa kwa yopuma azipereka. Makodi kuwomba zachilendo, kuzimiririka ndipo wachisoni, kubweretsa mantha, ndi chipani chimene chimabisika omvera nyimboyi timapitiriza chinsinsi. Weber anakwanitsa umakhala yoona chithunzi nyimbo ya ponseponse mphamvu zoipa ndi ziwanda.

Mchitidwe lachitatu anagawa mu zithunzi ziwiri. Choyamba immerses kum'patsa mu mlengalenga bata ndi yabata. Party Agatha litadzala ndi ndakatulo kuwala wozingwa, ndi zibwenzi kwaya ndi utoto ofeŵa, pamene lingaliro la zolinga dziko.

Kayendedwe chachiwiri chimayamba ndi gulu la kwaya la alenje, limodzi ndi phokoso la malipenga kusaka. Nyimboyi ili linamveka mingoli wowerengeka German lomwe kenako zinatchuka lonse.

Mapeto sewero la zinachitika gulu loyimba poyera ndi nyimboyi, limodzi ndi nyimbo yachisangalalo, ndi leitmotif akuthamanga kudzera mu ntchito yonse.

Chirengedwe cha "Oberon" masiku otsiriza a moyo

Fairytale sewero la "Oberon" linalembedwa mu 1926, izo wamaliza mndandanda wa ntchito wokongola operatic wa Woipeka. Weber anazilemba kuti kusamalira banja lake. Wolemba ankadziwa kuti posachedwa adzafa, ndipo palibe munthu adzakhala kusamalira okondedwa.

"Oberon" mu mawonekedwe ake anali osiyana kwambiri ndi kalembedwe mwachizolowezi a Weber. Kwa Wolemba amene wakhala kulimbikitsa pophatikizana ya nyimbo za zisudzo ndi luso ed, ntchito ya kapangidwe anali imene inali yovuta kunyamula. Komabe, kwa nyimbo za zisudzo imeneyi Weber anakhoza kulenga nyimbo zambiri kudzikondweretsa. Pakutha kulemba "Oberon," thanzi wolemba wakhala zinafika poipa moti sakanatha kuyenda, koma Carl Maria sanali kuphonya kuyamba. Opera wakhala anazindikira kamodzinso ndi otsutsa ndi magulu kutamandidwa talente Weber a.

Mwatsoka, moyo Wolemba silinakhalitse. Patapita masiku angapo kuyamba ndi anapezeka akufa. Izo zinachitika pa June 5, 1826 ku London. Tsiku lomwelo, Weber ankati kubwerera kwawo ku Germany.

Mu Dresden mu 1861 kunali chipilala kuti Weber.

Choyamba Youth Opera

"Kanthu Forest Bakuman", woyamba lalikulu ntchito Wolemba, ndi woyeneradi anatchulidwa mwapadera. The kuyamba unachitika mu 1800 ku Freiburg. Ngakhale unyamata wake ndi osadziwa za wolemba, zinali bwino ndipo wapeza kuzindikira. Tikhoza kunena kuti staging ntchito imeneyi chimenechi chinali chiyambi cha ntchito wolemba a Weber.

Koma nyimbo za zisudzo, izo sunaiwalike kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo anapita pa kuwonekera mapulogalamu choonetsedwa mu Prague, Vienna, St. Petersburg ndiponso mizinda ina ya m'dzikoli.

ntchito zina

Weber anasiya chuma luso cholowa, mndandanda uli wonse N'zosatheka. Koma tiyeni tione lofunika kwambiri za ntchito zake:

• 9 masewero a kuphatikizapo "Zitatu Pinto", "Ryubetsal", "Silvana", "Euryanthe".
• The limodzi nyimbo ndi masewero asanu modabwitsa.
• Choral amapilira payekha ndi ntchito monga 5 misa, kuposa 90 nyimbo pa 30 ensembles cantatas 9, 10 mankhwala wowerengeka nyimbo.
• ntchito limba: Sonata 4, 5 masewero, 40 duets ndi kuvina, 8 m'zinthu a kusintha.
• About 16 zoimbaimba kwa limba, clarinet, nyanga ndi bassoon.
• 10 ntchito kwa oketsra ndi 12 kwa gulu loyimba chipinda.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Weber Wolemba pankachitika umunthu kwapadera ndi makhalidwe ake, ubwino ndi kuipa.

Mwachitsanzo, iye ankamuda mbiri wina. Makamaka wosalolera ndakhala kuti Rossini. Weber zonse kuuza anzake kuti nyimbo ya zachabe Rossini, ndi kokha mode amene zidzaiwalika mu zaka zingapo.

ngozi amangogwa anatsogolera chakuti Weber anataya mawu ake okongola. Kamodzi Breslau Wolemba anadikira chakudya mzake, ndi kuti asawononge nthawi, anakhala pansi kwa ntchito. Weber mwamsanga ndipo anaganiza konzekera ndimweko ozizira vinyo. Koma chifukwa cha madzulo iye ankaganiza mtsuko ndi madzi kwa munthu amene bambo ake anali asidi sulfuric. Wolemba anatenga ndimweko nagwa opanda moyo. Pamene bwenzi ake adadza, ndiye wake kugogoda palibe amene anatsegula, koma mawindo anali kuwala. Iye anaitanitsa thandizo, anakwanitsa kutsegula chitseko, ndipo Weber msanga anamutengera kuchipatala. Madokotala anapulumutsa moyo wa Wolemba, koma mkamwa, pakhosi ndi timinofu anali kuwotchedwa kuti moyo wake wonse anakakamizika kulankhula kokha kunong'ona.

Weber anali kutikonda kwambiri nyama. Mu nyumba yake tinkakhala galu, mphaka, zosiyanasiyana mbalame zosiyanasiyana ndipo mpaka nyani mmishonale. Kwambiri anakonda Indian Wolemba khwangwala amene akanakhoza kunena. "Usiku wabwino"

Weber wolemekezeka egocentrism. Iye ndi wokonda yekha, analemba pansi pa pseudonym nkhani laudatory za iye mwini, nthawi zinatuluka m'manyuzipepala. Koma izi sanaime. Wolemba yekha ndi kuwakonda kuti atatu a ana ake anayi anatchula maina awo: Maria Carolina, Carl Maria, Karolina Mariya.

Mosakayikira, Weber anali ndi luso loimba kwambiri ndi kupeka amene wapanga amathandiza kwambiri chitukuko cha luso German. Inde, munthu uyu anali wopanda zolakwika zake, ndi zachabechabe osiyana, koma aliyense namatetule wa quirks awo.