Ndizosowa zamagetsi: mitundu ya zamakono ndi ntchito luso makhazikitsidwe magetsi

Zamagetsi - kuipidwa koma zothandiza kwambiri sayansi. Komanso zingamuthandize, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa kufufuza mwaukatswiri kale. Koma musanayambe kuchita, muyenera kudziŵa chimene chimapanga ndizosowa zamagetsi zamagetsi. Ife iwo tikambirana chitsanzo cha zipangizo ntchito.

AC opareshoni

injini tikambirana chitsanzo. Magetsi ndi zipangizo chimango Pankhaniyi zachokera zigawo ziwiri: amodzi ndi expressionless. Mwakumvetsa choyamba inductor, ndipo chachiwiri - nangula ndi ng'oma kumulowetsa. Zofunika mu nkhani iyi ndi kukhalapo kwa angapo a zinthu. Choncho, inductor ayenera mawonekedwe cylindrical ndi unapangidwa aloyi ferromagnetic. Tifunikanso mizati ndi munda kumulowetsa, amene lokhazikika kwa chimango lapansi. Waukulu kumulowetsa maginito kamwazi ndi kwaiye. Phunzirani kuwerengera chofunika mfundo thandizo buku la mavuto ofanana ndi ndizosowa zamagetsi zamagetsi. Kuwonjezera njira imeneyi, kamwazi maginito akhoza analenga ndi maginito okhazikika, amene wokwera pa chimango lapansi. Pansi nangula anamvetsa pachimake, kumulowetsa ndi wokhometsa. Woyamba anasonkhana kwa lotsekedwa mapepala magetsi zitsulo.

zipangizo analogi

Tipitirize kuphunzira ndizosowa zamagetsi ndipo tione mitundu ya zipangizo kale pa maziko a ntchito yawo. Mbali yaikulu ya zipangizo analogi - mosalekeza kusuntha mbendera analandira malinga ndi anafotokoza thupi. Mwamasamu akhoza chimaonetsera ntchito mosalekeza, momwe muli mopanda malire mfundo panthawi zosiyanasiyana. Pankhaniyi angapereke chitsanzo: osiyanasiyana mpweya kutentha, ndi suitably kusandulika analogi chizindikiro. Izo chifukwa mu dontho voteji (ngakhale pali njira zina zambiri kuzindikira izo, monga kusintha pendulum cha madalitso ake). zipangizo analogi ali ophweka, odalirika ndi mkulu liwiro. Izi zipangitsa kuti ntchito zawo ambiri. Komabe, kunena kuti iwo akhoza kudzitama za processing wapadera mwatsatanetsatane mbendera - n'zosatheka. Komanso, zipangizo analogi mulibe mkulu phokoso chitetezo chokwanira. Iwo kwambiri amadalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana Link (thupi kukalamba, kutentha, minda kunja). Komanso, nthawi zambiri zikuchititsa kuti kupotoza kufala mbendera ndi dzuwa otsika.

zipangizo Intaneti

Iwo anachita ntchito ndi chizindikiro yadigito. Monga ulamuliro, izo tichipeza zinayendera yeniyeni ya nyemba, amene angathe kutenga mfundo awiri - "oona" kapena "wabodza". Aliyense amene amadziwa ndizosowa zamagetsi, amadziwika ndi kuti iwo akhoza akuyendera pa zapansi osiyana amafotokozera. Choncho, munthu ali ndi mwayi kusankha pakati transistors ndi zinthu optoelectronic, yolandirana atomu, tchipisi. Ndiko kuti, zosiyanasiyana alipo, ndipo ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Childs, anasonkhana dera la zinthu maganizo. akapsa ndi owerengera (koma osati nthawi zonse) ntchito kulankhulana. Zofanana Tingaone mu Makina, zokha, zipangizo, wailesi ndi kutumiza mauthenga. An ntchito zofunika zipangizo digito ndi kukana kwawo kwa kuwasokoneza, chomasuka processing ndi kujambula deta. Iwo angathe kupatsira mudziwe ngati otsika kupotozedwa kuti akhoza ananyalanyaza. Choncho, digito zipangizo ndi amaonedwa bwino kuposa analogi.

Semiconductors

Iwo chifukwa mitundu ya katundu ndi kukhala minda osadalira pa zamagetsi. Ndizosowa izi chinaikidwa kalekale, pamene zoyesera pa galasi akhala ntchito. Iwo michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi rectifiers lakonzedwa kuti ntchito mkulu-pafupipafupi mafunde. Poyamba ntchito zipangizo zochokera okusayidi mkuwa kapena selenium. Komabe, kunapezeka kuti ali kuli oyenera ntchito kuposa zipangizo zimene anapangidwa pamaziko a pakachitsulo.

Woyamba bwino opaleshoni nthawi m'dera limeneli akhoza kudzitama O. V. Losev - wantchito wa Nizhny Novgorod Radio Laboratory, amene analenga chipangizo Mu 1922, komwe, chifukwa cha m'badwo wa oscillations chilengedwe cha kwambiri patsogolo chizindikiro analandira. Koma zimenezi, tsoka, si bwino anakamba. Ndipo tsopano mu dziko ntchito transistors (iwo ali transistors yomweyo), amene ichitikire anayamba Brattain, Shockley, Bardeen, ndi zamagetsi yawo yamakono tsopano ikumangidwa. Ndizosowa ntchito ndi iwo, ndipo ngakhale kovuta, koma zimene ndi zofunika kwa aliyense amene akufuna kuphunzira ndi kuchita mderali.

microelectronics

Mu njira - ndi quintessence ya zamagetsi, kumene katundu mudziwe kukwaniritsa mfundo zawo pazipita. Apa, osalimba a otaya deta pa woyezera kulemera ndi angapo kuposa anthu a m'madera ena a sayansi. Koma ntchito microelectronics - mudziwe processing. Limagwiritsa ntchito manambala awiri okha: zomveka wina ndi ziro. Koma ntchito yothandiza m'dera limeneli ndi zovuta - chifukwa pamafunika zingapo za mmene zinthu zavuta (kovuta) kuonetsetsa nyumba. Pakati pawo, ukhondo, mkulu molondola ndi ntchito njira zamakono zaulimi.

masamu kulungamitsidwa

ajebura maganizo ntchito luso. Iye anatulukira Dzhordzh Buli. Choncho, limatchedwa Buliyani ajebura. Zolinga zothandiza, icho poyamba ntchito ndi American sayansi Claude Shannon mu 1938, pamene anaphunzira madera magetsi ndi ojambula kusintha. Pamene ajebura Buliyani (wochedwanso mfundo), mawu ankaona adzakhala makhalidwe awiri okha: "oona" kapena "wabodza". Iwo sali kovuta yekha. Koma mawu wamba akhoza kupanga Mipikisano chigawo chimodzi mwa kulowetsa mothandizidwa ndi ntchito zomveka. Ngati iwo ali ndi chizindikiro chinachake (mwachitsanzo, makalata), ndiye ntchito malamulo Buliyani tinganene kuti aliyense anafotokoza, ngakhale zovuta kwambiri madera yadigito.

Kumene, kudziwa ndizosowa zamagetsi, chiphunzitso, mokoma safuna wofufuza. kumvetsa m'malo wosazindikira wa kukuchititsa zimenezi. Mwachitsanzo, ganizirani zotsatirazi. Ife LED, lophimba ndi mphamvu zoyendetsera. Pamene zinthu kuwala yoyaka - tinganene kuti "choonadi." Anatsogolera si yogwira - amatanthauza "bodza." Ndicho ku yomanga ambiri mfundo zimenezi anapanga, ndi makompyuta.

Pomaliza

Cacikulu ndizosowa zamagetsi zamagetsi kudzakuthandizani kudziwa njira zikuchitika m'dera limeneli. Komanso, musakhale kudziwa superfluous cha machitidwe abwino zipangizo luso. Tiyenera kugwira ntchito mwapadera okonzekera malo ntchito. Komanso, chisamaliro ayenera kumwedwa kwa kupeŵa mantha magetsi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito magolovesi (ngati inu ntchito ndi mawaya anabala) ndi mankhwala ena. Zothandiza kuchita ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina kapena ngati pa soldering.