Hadfield zitsulo mbali: zikuchokera, ntchito

kampani yopanga zitsulo - mmodzi wa zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika kwambiri ya GDP lililonse m'dziko, monga amabala zipangizo wapadera ndi zothandiza. Popanda kutulutsa steelworks katundu anthu sakanakhoza kuchita wopanda. Zitsulo - mmodzi wa iwo. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri. Zitsulo, amene ali mkulu plasticity ndi kuvala mtengo, izo - Hadfield chitsulo - wapadera aloyi. Zimafunika Pali malamulo ndi GOST 977-88 ndi Anzawo yachilendo (USA, England, Germany, China, Japan, Finland, Spain, Korea).

History Hadfield zitsulo

Monga dzina zikusonyeza, akhoza kukangana kuti anali Robert Hadfield analandira aloyi izi. Amene anali mapulogalamu chiyani? Robert Hadfield - English metallurgist amene analandira aloyi ndi mphamvu apamwamba mu 1882. Posachedwapa, dzimbiri yafalikira ndipo anali nkhani yapadera kwambiri.

Pambuyo Hadfield Zitsulo zachitika wapadera, chidwi chitukuko ndi asilikali. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, popeza zoterezi aloyi ndi chofunika kwambiri kwa chilengedwe cha zodzitetezera zankhondo.

Oyenda chisoti molimba - zipangizo woyamba woteteza, ozikidwa pa Hadfield zitsulo. zipewa izi zinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asilikali a British Army, ndiye anakhala chidwi chitukuko cha asilikali US ndipo ayamba kupanga awo. 80 luso Hadfield zitsulo sanasinthe. Koma ndi 80 ntchentche anayamba kupanga organoplastics mphamvu kuti si zipangizo otsika anayamba ndi metallurgist British, koma kunali kosavuta.

Zipewa kwa oyenda - izo si ntchito yokhayo ya Hadfield zitsulo. The kampani British "Vickers" anali woyamba kumwedwa ena mkulu amasankha zitsulo. Inamva oti muli nazo zida galimoto anayamba kufalitsa Hadfield wa aloyi mu 20s lapansi. magalimoto zitsulo thanki kuchuluka mtunda kuchokera makilomita 500 4800. Pa First World nkhondo, kuwonjezeka kotereku mtunda imatengedwa pafupifupi chozizwitsa. Hadfield zitsulo wakhala singasiyanitsidwe chitukuko thanki. Posakhalitsa, aloyi ichi ntchito osati thanki komanso mafakitale ena. Mu USSR, chiyambi cha Hadfield zitsulo smelted mu 1936.

Hadfield Zitsulo: Kaonekedwe

Kusanthula zikuchokera mankhwala, makamaka kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi manganese Tingaone kuti austenitic zitsulo. Chotero eg bwino avale kukana ndi ikamauma aloyi lapansi. Choncho, zitsulo kugonjetsedwa ndi ndondomeko mapindikidwe, ndi digiri yapamwamba ya ductility ndi kulimba. Steelmakers kunena kuti anali woyamba aloyi zosapanga dzimbiri, amene anayamba misa-zokolola.

Katundu wa Hadfield zitsulo

Chifukwa katundu austenitic zitsulo sanathe kukonzedwa ndi kudula zida, chifukwa ali ndi kukhuthala mkulu. Only akamaumba akhale oyenera kupanga mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera nkhaniyi.

Hadfield aloyi ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri ntchito oipa, omwe ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa kasakaniza wazitsulo ofanana zitsulo. Austenitic zitsulo ali otsika kuuma, mkulu avale kukana komanso pa amadza, kuthamanga ndi kutentha madontho. Kuchokera pa makhalidwe amenewa, tikhoza kunena kuti British metallurgist zitsulo oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe zikuwononga.

luso makamaka kuwotcherera Hadfield zitsulo

The madutsidwe matenthedwe wa austenite ndi kwambiri poyerekeza wa steels zina, nthawi 4-6. Ikukhudzana kuwonjezeka koyefishienti nthawi zambiri kuposa otsika mpweya steels - mu nthawi 1,9. Awa ndi makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri a zitsulo, kotero bwanji kuthekera akulimbana ozizira mu kukhudzana kutentha.

Pali n'zokayikitsa kwambiri ndi otentha akulimbana chifukwa shrinkage wa aloyi kuponyera, lomwe nthawi 1.6 zambiri otsika mpweya zitsulo. The kutentha amasintha kapangidwe austenitic kuti martensitic, amene kumaonjezera ngozi ya ming'alu m'chigawo cha kutentha.

Madera a ntchito Hadfield zitsulo

Chifukwa mipweya ake, makhalidwe ndi maonekedwe a austenite ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala zitsulo, dziwani cha kudalirika kwawo ndi durability apamwamba.

Avale zosagwira zitsulo ndi chuma otchuka. A nambala yaikulu mafakitale yotulutsa mkulu-mphamvu mankhwala, ntchito Hadfield zitsulo. The mankhwala zotsatirazi amapangidwa kuchokera aloyi izi:

• Engineering mankhwala.
• Truckee akasinja mbozi.
• Mathirakitala.
• Railway kuwoloka.
• Turnouts, angathe kugwira ntchito mu nkhanza amadza katundu ndi kumva kuwawa zinthu.
• Prison zitsulo mawindo.
• crusher zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Ndimasewera ndi zotsimikizira lattices ndende ya austenite. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mphako mnyozo akaidi amene akuyesetsa kuthawa. Malinga ndi zapamwamba polemba chinenero chimenechi, achibale ambiri mozemba ndi hacksaw akaidi amene chiyembekezo cha ufulu anayamba kudula zenera mipiringidzo.

Pankhani ya zitsulo wamba ndiye kuthawa. Koma Hadfield aloyi - ndi kuvala zosagwira zitsulo, amene nthawi zambiri ndi hacksaw kuti anaona zosatheka. Mukayamba anaona latisi wa aloyi Hadfield, izo akuyamba kuumitsa pamwamba, imbaenda oipa austenite lapansi. Hacksaw latisi kumawonjezera kuuma ndi kuwumitsa handsaw pamwamba. Choncho, tiyenera kulankhula za zinthu zopanda pake yothawira.

zitsulo 110G13L

Zitsulo kalasi 110G13L - aloyi, amene ntchito castings ndipo ali katundu wapadera. dzimbiri ali mkulu avale kukana pa nkhonya kapena differentials kuthamanga.

Ntchito steels 110G13L

Izi mtundu wa zitsulo ntchito yopanga zipangizo zotsatirazi:

• mbali udindo waukulu umene muyenera kukhala cholimba.
• phirilo crusher.
• Mano a anakumba zinthu zakale khoma.
• Nyumba mpira, ndege mphero.

steels Analogs

Chotero zitsulo ndi opangidwa ndi mayiko ambiri.

Katundu wa kalasi zitsulo 110G13L

Zopangapanga ndi makina zimatha zinthu apatsidwa mu magome.

katundu makina pa T = 20 ^Inu C mtundu zitsulo 110G13L

kutentha mankhwala

Kutentha mankhwala Hadfield zitsulo zimadalira mlingo wa mpweya okhutitsidwa aloyi lapansi. Mlingo wapamwamba mpweya, ndi apamwamba kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, ngati aloyi ziri pa 1%, kutentha ayenera kukhala pansipa 900 madigiri. Ngati 1.5% mpweya, processing ndi zotheka pa madigiri 1000. Ngati mpweya chili mwa aloyi pa 1.6%, kutentha akhale pamwamba pa madigiri 1050. Pamakhala kuzirala madzi.

Mkulu kutentha chofunika chifukwa chakuyimisidwa wathunthu wa carbides, amanyoza khalidwe la kuponyera, ndi kukula kwa mbewu austenite. akuponya padzuwa nthawi zimadalira wochindikala. Choncho, 30 mm makulidwe Pamafunika akuwukha maola 4, ndi 125 mm - 24 maola.

Kumva kuwawa kukana Hadfield zitsulo mu chikhalidwe monga-kuponyedwa n'chimodzimodzi pambuyo othetsa. Kapangidwe austenite wazunguliridwa ndi carbide ndi mauna khalidwe kuvala zinthu komanso homogeneous wouma aloyi. Iwo akhoza Choncho ankanena kuti ena osungunula microvolumes austenite ali ndi mphamvu yomweyo ndipo durability monga anaumitsa zitsulo. fragility ake kuchuluka chifukwa chikoka cha carbide wa gululi, zomwe zimabweretsa ndende amphamvu nkhawa mkati.

Hadfield zitsulo anayamba kupanga zaka zingapo zapitazo. Lero, aloyi zitsulo - ndi mbali yofunika ya kupanga zinthu zambiri m'mafakitale osiyana. Popanda mafakitale monga nyumba makina, mafuta ndi gasi, mankhwala, processing chakudya, makampani mphamvu akhoza silingayende bwino. Musaiwale za zomangamanga, thanki opanga ndi chitukuko cha mitundu yatsopano ya zida kuti ntchito yatsopano makampani zikayenda zitsulo. Komabe, akatswiri ndi metallurgists sitikuwamvetsa bwino zonse za katundu, mbali ndi makhalidwe a steels ndi aloyi.