TVEL - A kusanthula zambiri izi ...

Nkhaniyi imatiuza za zimene TVEL, pakuti kumene applicable, mmene kulenga ndipo ngati makina amene si ntchito TVEL.

nyengo atomiki

Mwina nthambi wamng'ono wa mphamvu nyukiliya. Koma kumapeto kwa XIX atumwi, asayansi anatha pang'ono kuthana ndi chakuti mpweya wa poizoni ichi, kuwola nyukiliya ndi omwe zinthu ndi katundu izi. Ndipo ambiri a chidziwitso mtengo wa moyo, monga mmene yowononga cheza pa zamoyo kwa nthawi yaitali osadziwika.

Patapita nthawi yaitali, zipangizo nyukiliya akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito zonse mu moyo zosakhudzana ndi usilikali. Pakali pano mayiko onse olemera ndi zida zawozo ndi zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, yomwe wambirimbiri mphamvu kaya mafuta, malasha, kapena zachilengedwe monga madzi (tikulankhula za magetsi).

TVEL - ndi ...

Koma kuti amange riyakitala nyukiliya m'badwo magetsi kapena zolinga zina, choyamba muyenera kupanga mafuta yoyenera, chifukwa zachilengedwe ureniamu ndi nyukiliya, ngakhale, koma mphamvu yake sikokwanira. Chifukwa mitundu yambiri ya makina amene ntchito mafuta zochokera Unakhala ureniamu, ndipo nawonso, ndi yodzaza mu chipangizo wakupambulika dzinache TVEL. TVEL - chipangizo yapadera imeneyi ndi mbali ya riyakitala nyukiliya ndipo lili mafuta nyukiliya. zinalengedwera ndi mtundu wa mafuta ife tisanthule mwatsatanetsatane.

kamangidwe

Malinga mtundu wa zinthu riyakitala mafuta, ena magawo zingasiyane, koma mamangidwe onse chipangizo ndi zomwezo. Kulankhula mwachidule, TVEL - chubu dzenje unapangidwa aloyi zirconium ndi ena miyala ina, amene anaika mafuta pellets wa ureniamu woipa.

mafuta

Ureniamu ndi ambiri "akuthamanga" zakuthupi nyukiliya, pa maziko zake amapangira kuchuluka isotopes ena ntchito zonse mu makampani ndi zida. Migodi kumasiyana pang'ono kuchokera migodi ya malasha, ndi zachilengedwe, boma zachilengedwe, tikhoza kwathunthu kwa anthu. Choncho nkhani za migodi ureniamu, kumene ukapolo moyo alamulidwa akaidi, zosaposa nthano chabe. munthuyo adzafa chifukwa chosowa dzuwa mwakhama ndi wanga kuposa matenda poizoniyu.

Ncho ureniamu ndi lophweka - Kuphulikako akumenyetsa thanthwe, ndiyeno aperekedwa pamwamba, kumene kusanja ndi zina processing. The ndondomeko ya ureniamu patsogolo zikhoza kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, koma Russia zachitika mothandizidwa ndi centrifuges mpweya. ureniamu woyamba anatembenukira kwa boma gaseous, inatuluka mpweya mu centrifuge mchikakamizo cha mphamvu centrifugal ali olekanitsidwa ndi isotopes anakhumba anasiyanitsidwa. Kenako, iwo n'kukhala ureniamu woipa ndi mbamuikha mu pellets ndi olemedwa mu zinthu mafuta. Iyi ndi njira yofala kutulutsa mafuta zinthu mafuta.

ntchito

chiwerengero cha ndodo mafuta mu riyakitala amadalira kukula, mtundu ndi mphamvu. Pambuyo kupanga iwo akuvutika mu riyakitala, kumene wayamba kutayikira nyukiliya fission anachita, kumene kumachitika chifukwa cha amphamvu kusankha ndalama yaikulu kutentha, amene akutumikira monga gwero mphamvu. ndi riyakitala mphamvu akhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu mafuta m'dera ntchito. Nthawi ngati iwo m'malo mwa machitidwe a watsopano, ndi mbamu "watsopano" wa ureniamu woipa. Kotero tsopano ife tikudziwa chimene chimatanthauza kuti TVEL monga iwo anapangidwa ndi zimene iwo amafuna. Komabe, osati makina amene onse nyukiliya amafunika zinthu izi, ndipo RTGs.

RTG

The radioisotope thermoelectric jenereta - ndi chipangizo kuti mfundo zofanana nyukiliya, koma ndondomeko si zochokera maatomu kuwola unyolo anachita, ndi matenthedwe. Mwachidule, ndi malo aakulu, umene umabala kwambiri kutentha ndi thunthu nyukiliya zimene pamapeto, ndi wotembenuka mwachindunji mu magetsi. Mosiyana nyukiliya RTGs alibe mbali kusuntha, ndi odalirika kwambiri, yaying'ono ndi cholimba. Koma iwo ndi dzuwa kwambiri m'munsi.

Ife tinkakonda iwo makamaka zinthu kumene sikutheka kupeza mphamvu mwa njira zina kapena njira izi ndi zovuta. Pa RTGs Soviet aziwapatsa kafukufuku ndi nyengo siteshoni ya Far North, lighthouses m'mphepete mwa nyanja, buoys nyanja, etc .. N.

Panopa ali wotopa, koma ena a iwo adakali malo a kunyumba choyambirira ndi zambiri osati kutetezedwa. Chifukwa, pali ngozi Mwachitsanzo, maofesi angapo ngati anthu omwe si akakhala zitsulo amayesetsa kumvetsa ndi apeza amphamvu walitsa, ndipo mu Georgia am'deralo kuwagwiritsa ntchito gwero la kutentha ndi kuwonongeka cheza matenda.

Kotero tsopano ife tikudziwa unit wa zinthu mafuta ndi kumvetsa tanthauzo awo. TVEL ndi mbali yofunika ya riyakitala, amene sangagwire ntchito popanda.