Ng'ombe za mkaka: makamaka kuswana. kupanga ng'ombe mkaka: thanthwe

Chifukwa anthu ambiri, osalumikidwa ndi ulimi, ng'ombe za mtundu uliwonse - ndi nyama wamba. Chinthu china - alimi. Amene zikugwira kuswana ndi kulera wa ng'ombe mkaka, kudziwa zinthu zingapo zochititsa kuti chimatanthauza ng'ombe mtundu mkaka. Nazi mfundo zikuluzikulu: a udder lalikulu, thupi elongated, underdeveloped minofu.

mwachidule

Kuli Mitundu ya ng'ombe. Koma kufunika kwambiri ndi kupanga mkaka wa ng'ombe. Holstein mtundu, Yaroslavl, holmogorskaja wofiira steppe ndi wakuda ndi woyera ndi ofala kwambiri ku Russia. Kwenikweni lililonse lili ndi ubwino pa ena. Mwachitsanzo, zingakhale mkaka mafuta kapena kuchuluka kwake. Nyama mkaka mtundu ng'ombe khalidwe penapake wolephera mankhwala kuwapeza RNC malangizo ena. Choncho sayembekezera kwa iwo phindu lalikulu mu minofu misa.

Ophatikizana (nyama kapena mkaka) kawetedwe ng'ombe ndi osiyana ndi mitundu ina ya ng'ombe kwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira zosiyanasiyana. Ali ndi zokolola awiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nyama ndi bwino anakamba, osati mkaka, komanso khalidwe la nyama. Mmodzi wa iwo tingasonyezere bwino. Ndiye iwo amatchedwa kaya mtundu mkaka nyama, kapena kuti nyama ndi mkaka. Pali zambiri. zimaswana ng'ombe nyama ndi mkaka: Simmental, Bestuzhev, Schwyz, Kostroma ndi ena. Izo ziyenera kuti alimi zambiri kusankha kwa dilution awo Mabuku awo.

Holstein

Amaona ambiri mwa ng'ombe za mkaka. Chiwerengero cha mtundu umenewu, mwina ochuluka kwambiri mu dziko. kwawo - Netherlands, koma anapeza mphamvu zipatso, iye alandira kale ku America.

Holstein obereketsa mkaka mtundu ng'ombe ntchito pokonzanso ena Black ndi White mikwingwirima ng'ombe. Nyama zimenezi mu Canada ndi United States makamaka kusintha yowalimbikitsa kudzapeza mafuta ndiponso wodzaza zokolola.

Mu ng'ombe kukula, komanso yokonza ndi kudya ng'ombe ankagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono wapadera, umalimbana kupanga latsopano, zambiri modernized mitundu mkaka ziweto. Motero, m'mayiko awa, ambiri utoto RNC chimasiyanitsa kuchokera ku chiyambi.

Akukhulupirira kuti bwino Holstein mkaka mtundu ng'ombe sanali analandira chifukwa cha kuwoloka, ndi kuswana koyera. Choncho nyama kusiyana ndi zabwino kupanga mkaka, chachikulu ndi mphamvu udder lapansi. N'zosadabwitsa kuti ambiri rekordistok udoyu mwa ng'ombe za mtundu osati kokha.

Live ng'ombe kulemera zambiri mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 950 mpaka 1200, ndi ng'ombe - mpaka makilogalamu 700. WOYENDETSA amabadwa ndi kulemera thupi mpaka makilogalamu 47, ng'ombe - 5 makilogalamu zochepa. Udders ng'ombe kapena kapu woboola pakati, kapena kusamba woboola mtundu. mkaka otaya mlingo ranges kuchokera makilogalamu 3 3.5 kwa mphindi 1. Per tsiku kwa iwo, inu mukhoza kutenga za 60-65 makilogalamu mkaka kukama mkaka kawiri.

Yaroslavl zimasokoneza

Dzinali odziwikiratu. Iwo anali zimaŵetedwa ku XIX atumwi ku chigawo Yaroslavl. Izi zachitika mwa kusankha nyama yabwino kuswana kwa ziweto m'deralo. Pa mitundu ina, uyenera kusakanizidwa. Izi zikuonekera choyamba suti Yaroslavl mkaka mtundu ng'ombe, komanso choyamba kunja ndi mkulu mafuta zili mankhwala chifukwa. nyama zambiri zipatso mkaka, kufika chilemba cha 11 chikwi. makilogalamu 600 a mkaka pachaka. Mu oposa theka la mkaka Yaroslavl ng'ombe ndi mafuta zili 4% ndipo pamwamba.

Kholmogory zimasokoneza

Iwo anali ayipanga m'zaka XVII pa dera la dera Arkhangelsk ndi kusankha mtundu. Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mkaka mtundu ng'ombe holmogorskaja ndi kusakanizikana wa Dutch Black Pied.

Nyama bwino anakamba. Kulemera ng'ombe pa kubadwa pakati pa 30 ndi 35 kg. Iwo precocity ndithu. Kulemera kwa ng'ombe wamkulu zimasiyanasiyana 530 kwa 580, ndi ng'ombe - 810-1000 makilogalamu. Woyamba pafupifupi calving zimachitika miyezi 30.

Kuswana zomera zikugwira kulima Kholmogory mtundu, anatsimikiza pafupifupi zokolola ziweto zawo. Mu 2004, iye anali 5380 makilogalamu mkaka ndi mafuta zili 3,85% ndi mphamvu mmene makilogalamu 1,9 kwa miniti 1.

Kusankha Kholmogory mtundu akupitiriza ndi kuswana koyera ndi magazi wakuda motley Holstein. Cholinga cha mosamala - kuwongolera khalidwe ndi mkaka zokolola za.

Red steppe zimasokoneza

Lili ndi ubwino komanso kuipa. makhalidwe abwino monga kwambiri acclimatization mphamvu ndi Kuyankha kwa yokonza wabwino ndi kudya. Kuipa ndi otsika mafuta zili mkaka, kupsa mochedwa, musculature osauka ndi zina zolakwika kunja.

Alimi, obereketsa, amene angafune kusintha wofiira steppe mtundu wa ng'ombe, muyenera chidwi kusankha interbreed. Khalidwe akhale ngati mkaka, ndi kulemera moyo. Muyeneranso kuyesetsa kwambiri zomwe zili mu mapuloteni mkaka ndi mafuta.

Khalidwe la mankhwala mu minda osiyana ndi osiyana kwambiri. Mkaka mafuta zili akhoza osiyanasiyana monga 3.3 kuti 5.3%, amene amafotokoza mwachindunji kufunika kuchita kusankha nyama yabwino mu mtundu umenewu.

Black ndi White zimasokoneza

ng'ombe Izi wotchuka kwambiri makamaka ku Russia. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi mkaka mtundu ng'ombe wakuda ndi woyera anatha kupambana chikhulupililo cha obereketsa ambiri chifukwa zokolola zake ndi mkulu ndi mphamvu zabwino acclimatization.

Thunthu nyama pang'ono anatambasula, koma njila, ndi udder lalikulu. Mtundu wakuda ndi woyera. Koma chifukwa pali kusiyana mu katundu wa ziweto m'deralo ndi zinthu zachilengedwe komanso mu mlingo wa kuswana, mtundu anafotokoza mitundu yambiri ndi magulu. Iwo amasiyana maonekedwe ndi mafuta zili mkaka ndi udoyu.

Choncho, wakuda zamawangamawanga ng'ombe m'madera chapakati Russia chinapezeka mwa kudutsa ostfrizskogo ndi ng'ombe Dutch ndi m'dera Yaroslavl holmogorskoj ndi ng'ombe. Komanso, pali zizindikiro za zosafunika ndi shvitckoj Mitundu Simmental. nyama zimenezi aakulu. Ng'ombe kulemera kwa 650, ndi ng'ombe - za 1000 kg. Mkaka zokolola zimakhalanso mkulu, koma otsika mafuta zili magulu ena.

kuswana Features

Mu nthawi poslemolochny amene kumatenga kwa miyezi 3-6 ndi 24, malinga ndi mtundu wa, ntchito yaikulu ndi kuonetsetsa kuti chitukuko zabwinobwino komanso kukula ng'ombe, umuna awo yake, komanso mapangidwe pazipita mkaka zokolola zawo.

Kawirikawiri anawagawa m'magulu zaka: 6-9, 9-12, 12-18 ndi miyezi 18-24. Gulu lililonse munali opanda zana chala m'khola pa dera la forage-pabwalo ufulu osiyanasiyana kapena mu chipinda ndi zinyalala kwambiri wosasintha. madzi umaperekedwa mwa akumwa.

M'miyezi yotentha, ng'ombe zambiri akuyenda mu ziweto. Ngati palibe chakudya chokwanira, ndiye apange feteleza, amene ayenera muli zambiri udzu wobiriwira osatha ndi seeded pachaka, komanso limafotokoza. M'nyengo yozizira, chakudya ayenera kukhala theka-bolodi - m'mawa ndi madzulo. The zakudya ziyenera kutumikiridwa: 25-30% limafotokoza 40-45% 28-33% silage ndi udzu. Koma nyama khalidwe mkaka mtundu ng'ombe amapereka zamoyo mosapita m'mbali ayipanga za malonda.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti kulima ng'ombe achinyamata nthawi zonse amafuna chilengedwe cha zinthu mulingo woyenera yokonza awo ndi kudya. Izi kuti timathandiza kuti chitukuko cha mtundu zinafunika ng'ombe ndi mkulu zokolola mkaka.

mitengo

Kukula ng'ombe nyama kapena mkaka - ndi zabwino ndipo lipindulitsa ntchito. Ngati choncho amavalidwa mtsinje, ndiye palibe mavuto apadera mwini, sanalenge. Koma M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti ng'ombe za mkaka umene mtengo pang'ono kuposa nyama, amafunika kuwasamalira kwambiri.

Ntchito imeneyi ikusonyeza kuti mwiniyo chidziwitso chapadera ndi luso. M'pofunika bwino kuthetsa nkhani yoteteza zinyama m'chilimwe ndi yozizira nyengo, ndi kuti amene pobwezera mkaka ndi nyama, zomwe kuchita ndi manyowa, kumene kupeza chakudya, ndi zina zotero .. Komanso, tiyenera kuzimvetsa mitundu ya nyama ndi kudziwa mitengo yonse. Mwachitsanzo, mkaka mtundu ng'ombe. mtengo akhoza zimasiyana 40 55 chikwi. Ndipo pa ana a za 25 chikwi. Rubles. Pokhapokha mfundo zonsezi, mungathe chitani kuswana ng'ombe adzakhala kuphunzira.