Njira ya zochita za insulin. Kufotokozera ndi ntchito mankhwala

Shuga - matenda wamba, zomwe si manyazi anthu a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana, jenda, ndi malo a zachuma. Nkofunika kudziwa zingwe zimene zizindikiro za matenda Tingaone mwachindunji ndi odwala ndi momwe angachitire pamene iwo amadziwika. matenda oyambirira a matenda kungawathandize kwambiri kuchepetsa mavuto obwera chifukwa cha chitukuko. Koma ngakhale pamaso pa matenda "shuga" si chiweruzo. Odwala akhoza kupitiriza kukhala ndi moyo wokhutiritsa pofuna kuthana zina. Mwachitsanzo, odwala kupanga jakisoni zonse insulin. Ndi timadzi wapadera, zomwe zimafunika lamulo njira zambiri mankhwala mu thupi. Komabe, kuti achite mankhwala ichi kunali kopindulitsa kwa mtima, ndi zofunika kumvetsa njira ya zochita za insulin mu thupi la munthu. Muyenera kuganizira ena mokoma zofunika. Pakati pawo: makhalidwe a zochita mankhwala kuti chichitike ndi nawo insulin; mitundu ya kukonzekera zochokera pamenepo; malamulo a thunthu mu funso; Njira ka insulin; zimayambitsa muyenera m'mene polojekiti ikuyendera zonse thanzi la wodwalayo. mfundo onsewa adzakhala anafotokoza pambuyo m'nkhani ino.

The timadzi insulin

timadzi Izi opangidwa ndi thupi mwachibadwa. Mu ndondomeko ya chimbudzi chakudya chakudya ndi chakudya mu magazi shuga. mankhwala ndi ndiwo mphamvu m'thupi la munthu. Kodi insulin amapangidwa? Mu kapamba. Ndi timadzi ili ndi mbali yaikulu mu ntchito ya shuga, komanso mapangidwe nkhokwe zake. Pamodzi ndi insulin mu ndondomeko iyi ikukhudza mahomoni ena, monga glucagon ndi amylin.

timadzi zimakhudzanso zimam'patsa kagayidwe

Njira ya zochita za insulin mu thupi ikhoza kusintha kutengera zimene kagayidwe ankaona. Timakambirana wina obwera chifukwa cha timadzi lapansi. Ndicho, zimene ali insulin pa shuga kagayidwe. Ngati zili timadzi izi mu magazi ndi otsika kwambiri, shuga ndi sangathe mkatikati mwa maselo minofu thupi lonse afika mphamvu yekha ku zimene mafuta asidi makutidwe ndi okosijeni. Pamene likutuluka mlingo chofunika, ndondomeko angathe kuchitidwa kachiwiri mwachibadwa. Pankhaniyi, thupi limapeza mphamvu zokwanira. Komabe, nthawi kwambiri mkulu thupi yaikulu Kakhungu maselo minofu abwerere kukhala permeable kwa shuga, ngakhale anthu ambiri insulin mu magazi ndi otsika kwambiri.

Kufunika kwa kuphunzira zimene timadzi mu njira kagayidwe kachakudya ndi wosatsutsika. Iwo insulin cholandilira (transmembrane lilime lake kanthu adamulowetsa insulin) n'kofunika mu shuga homeostasis. Kusagwiritsa otaya amatsogolera yamasika kuti chitukuko cha matenda osachiritsika, monga matenda a shuga kapena khansa.

Muyeneranso kulabadira chiwindi. Ndi thupi ili chikuchititsa kuti malo shuga m'thupi. Iwo akhoza momasuka kumasulidwa ku maselo chiwindi poyamba chofunika. Iwo insulin induces kaphatikizidwe zinthu zina zimene zimadziwika monga michere glycolytic (kutanthauza, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase ndi pyruvate kinase-1) popanda amene shuga akuwaza ndondomeko sizikanakhala zotheka.

Zotsatira za insulin pa kagayidwe mapuloteni

Mapulotini munthu wapeza chakudya, unagawika angapo kwa amino zidulo zofunikira kuti thupilo synthesizes kenako mapuloteni zawo. Komabe, otaya chokwanira kwa ndondomekoyi anafotokoza zimatheka ndi nawo momwemo wa insulin. Amakweza ambiri amino zidulo. Insulin komanso kwambiri kumawonjezera mlingo wa DNA galamafoniyo, choncho kumapangitsa mapangidwe RNA. M'njira ankaona timadzi amakhudza mapuloteni kaphatikizidwe mu thupi la munthu.

Zotsatira za insulin pa kagayidwe mafuta

Ankaona timadzi akutithandiza zedi pa kagayidwe zamadzimadzi, ndicho chinthu cha lipogenesis (mafuta asidi kaphatikizidwe). Iwo anapanga pamaziko a chakudya (m'kati kuwola ndipo thupi). Lipogenesis enzyme akugwira kokha ndi thandizo la insulin. Choncho, pakalibe timadzi ili singakhale kukhazikitsa kagayidwe yachibadwa.

Mitundu ya insulin ndi chikuonetseratu malamulo

Njira ya zochita za insulin kwa nthawi yaitali momveka, pali gulu la osakaniza, omwe kawirikawiri ntchito zochizira odwala ndi shuga. Mitundu zotsatirazi:

• Fast wotenga insulin. Zotsatira za nkhani imeneyi zimaonekera mwa woyamba mphindi zisanu oyamba wake. A zotsatira yayikulu zimatheka pambuyo ola limodzi. Komabe, kanthu monga kudya ndi malekezero. jekeseni ayenera ikuchitika akamadya.
• Wotenga nthawi yochepa insulin (zoona, pamene izo zifika insulin zonse, monga ulamuliro, kukumbukira mtundu uwu). kanthu akuyamba pambuyo theka la ola. mankhwala akhoza kumwedwa musanadye. zotsatira zake kumatenga nthawi yaitali kuposa mitundu tafotokozazi.
• Insulin pafupifupi nthawi. mtundu wa mankhwala tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ntchito molumikizana ndi insulin kudya wotenga kapena lalifupi wotenga insulin. Izi amakwaniritsa zotsatira zokhalitsa (thunthu pafupifupi theka la tsiku).
• Long wotenga insulin. Ndi cholinga kuperekedwa pa chiyambi cha tsiku. insulin Izi ogwira masana. Komabe, izi ndi zotheka ngati ntchito limodzi ndi insulin wotenga nthawi yochepa kapena mofulumira akuchita.
• Kapamba, amene ali chisanadze wosanganiza. zigawo zake - ena a mitundu ya zinthu. insulin ayenera kumwedwa kawiri pa tsiku pamaso chakudya.

A zambiri zinthu Zimene mtundu zakuthupi wodwala amasankha. Njira ya insulin kanthu za ena mitundu ya pamwamba anafotokoza kwenikweni zizigwirizana zosowa ndi mavuto a wodwala makamaka. Mlingo mulingo woyenera ndi chakudya mankhwala ayenera kuikidwa ndi munthu woyenera ndi makhalidwe onse akuyenda wodwalayo, chikhalidwe cha matenda ndi boma onse a thanzi. Kapamba (mtengo umene pafupifupi mazana asanu ndi eyite rubles) ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyang'aniridwa ndi achipatala.

Lero, wodwala kusankha imodzi mwa njira zotsatirazi: kutenga insulin:

• Syringe. Masingano mu syringes masiku ano woonda kwambiri. N'chifukwa chake jekeseni sichidziwika chopweteka. singano Izi alowe wamafuta minofu pansi pa khungu kapena pamimba, matako, mudzikonzere kapena ntchafu.
• Cholembera. chipangizo ichi chogulitsidwa pamodzi ndi insulin, ndi zambiri ali dosing lonse. Nthawi zambiri syringe cholembera ali anamumanga katiriji. Insulin komanso umayamba kudzera singano, koma amachita palibe jekeseni kudzera pisitoni, ndi choyambitsa a. chipangizo ndi zothandiza kwambiri kwa ana omwe ali kudzimvera kupereka mankhwala.
• Pump. zida limapereka Boma nthawi zonse insulin pansi pa khungu, makamaka mu pamimba. Pambuyo intervals zinafunika nthawi kutulutsa mankhwala mwachindunji kwa thupi ndi chubu mwapadera catheter lapansi. Ndi yabwino kuti kugwiritsira insulin kudzera jekeseni amakhala zosafunika.

njira yatsopano

Kumene, pa nthawi odwala amatipeza azolowere kupanga jakisoni zonse ndi zonse ntchito singano. Komabe, ena kusapeza, chithandizo ichi amayambitsa. N'chifukwa chake chiwerengero chachikulu cha akatswiri mowirikiza ntchito mwakhama kutsegula latsopano, njira yabwino kwambiri ya insulin.

Mpaka 2007, ife Khama kulimbikitsa njira akutithandiza kuti timadzi kudzera inhalation. Komabe, malonda zipangizo umenewu mipingo.

Masiku ano, ntchito akupitiriza pa chilengedwe cha yamawangamawanga apadera khungu ndi opopera, zimene jekeseni insulin kudzera pakamwa. Mwatsoka, mankhwala awa si koma zilipo kugulu.

anasankha jekeseni

Kuti insulin yaitali kanthu mwamsanga ndi efficiently odzipereka mu magazi, izo kutumikiridwa mmimba. Odwala ena amakonda jekeseni mu phewa. Ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo m'chiuno jekeseni ndi matako, koma iwo ayenera kuperekedwa mankhwala pang'onopang'ono zotheka.

Popeza limagwirira cha zochita za insulin, mowirikiza analimbikitsa jekeseni zomwezo mu malo omwewo. Komabe, pofuna kupewa pakutchulidwa zomatira uliwonse kawirikawiri anasintha mbali ya thupi, umene kuperekedwa timadzi. Choncho, jekeseni malo bwino taphunzira bwalo.

kuyang'anira

Pamene ntchito insulin Nkofunika nthawi zonse kuwunika mlingo enieni a shuga m'magazi. Yotsirizira zingakhudze zosiyanasiyana zinthu: wodwala amatenga chakudya ndi pamene, ngati masewera wakhala akukumana ngati maganizo zabwino kapena zoipa, mmene mankhwala a matenda ena. Mfundo ingapezeke kwathunthu njira zosiyanasiyana bwanji otaya a shuga odwala osiyana kapena pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana ya moyo wa chomwecho. Choncho, kangapo tsiku n'kofunika kuyeza misinkhu shuga magazi kuti kuwunika thanzi la munthu. Kuti tichite zimenezi, mukufuna kutenga nyemba magazi chala. Ndipo pa maziko a polojekiti ayenera kutengapo maganizo ena. Malinga ndi mmene kuikapo maganizo shuga magazi, insulin ayenera kuperekedwa mu yoyenera mlingo.

Kumbukirani kuti matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, zambiri kumatenga moyo. Iwo tiyenera mosalekeza kusamalira chikhalidwe chake thupi ndi kuyenda mokoma matenda awo, komanso kuwunika udindo wa kapamba, kumene insulin amapangidwa.

zotsatira timadzi

Phunziro nkhani ya m'nkhaniyi, insulin, ndi chothandizira ndi masoka mankhwala zochita umene ndondomeko ya kagayidwe anthu. timadzi Izi Amakweza shuga mu zimakhala ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, wodziwonetsa mu glycogen.

Insulin akusowa chimayambitsa matenda a shuga. zizindikiro zake zazikulu izi:

• Mvula (malita asanu ndi khumi pa tsiku) ndi ludzu nthawi zonse.
• Giperklikemii boma.
• Ketonemia (kapena kagayidwe kachakudya acidosis).
• Kuchepa mapuloteni kagayidwe.
• A kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa glycogen ali chiwindi ndi akatumba.
• Hyperlipidemia (a kuwonjezeka lakuthwa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'magazi).
• Kuphwanya mu makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa mafuta.
• Glycosuria.

Ankaona timadzi yogwira chikoka pa kaphatikizidwe glycogen, kumabwezera mmbuyo kusintha kwa amino zidulo kwa shuga. Ikufotokoza kufunika ka insulin mwamsanga pamene wodwala ali nawo mwakhama ntchito yamasewera. Mwa zina, lili kwa amino asidi timadzi yobereka m'zipinda yomwe imapereka kukula yogwira ulusi minofu.

Komabe, nthawi zina insulin ali kungasokoneze wodwalayo. Iwo tingasonyezere gawo la triglycerides ali minofu mafuta. Choncho analimbikitsa ndi kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu subcutaneous mafuta. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mavuto otani waukulu insulin.

ntchito woopsawo

Ochita kafukufuku kuti ankafufuza bwinobwino insulin, mavuto a oyamba kwambiri wa timadzi yokumba mu chamoyo. Akatswiri anapeza kuti mlingo woopsa wa thunthu mu funso 100 IU. Kuti ndi kuchuluka zikuphatikizapo zonse insulin syringe. Komabe, mungathe kupulumutsa wodwala, ngakhale pamene ambiri osokoneza aakulu kwambiri. Kuti muchite izi, n'kofunika kuti asataye nthawi ndi nthawi yomweyo itanani ambulansi. Monga ulamuliro, ngakhale wodwalayo nthawi kuchita izo, pokhala chikumbumtima bwino. Pamaso kuyamba kukhala chikomokere nthawi zambiri maola ochepa kwambiri kuti kuchitapo kanthu koyenera. Mwachitsanzo, ndikofunika kuonetsetsa yake chiphaso cha shuga m'magazi, amene kumatha zotsatira hypoglycemic wa insulin.

Choncho, samalani thanzi lanu n'chofunika kwambiri. Mwatsoka, zina mwa izi ziyenera khama khama kuposa ena. Zimenezi zikugwira ntchito makamaka kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Anthu odwala matenda, amakakamizidwa kuti ndi njira zambiri yochepa ya moyo. odwala amenewa amafunika kulamulira zakudya iwo kudya, kodi nthawi kuwonongera masewera ambiri ndi mmene moyo yogwira ndi ntchito ya madzi oyera. Ena a iwo, makamaka iwo amene ali insulin amadalira, m'pofunika kuti aziona moyo wawo mozamirapo. odwala ayenera nthawi zonse (malingana ndi nthawi ya tsiku ndi m'zochitika zina) kubaya insulin (timadzi m'malo yokumba amene sangathe kukhala apanga zedi chofunika pancreatic mtima). Chotero m'malo mwina m'njira zina kuchepetsa boma matenda ndi kuthandiza wodwala kukhala ndi moyo wodzaza pafupifupi. Pakuti nthawi yofunika kwambiri ndi kuchuluka zolondola (malinga paudindo onse akatswiri) kubaya insulin. Jekeseni wa analenga mitundu ingapo ya zipangizo yabwino. Ena mwa iwo ndi insulin syringe, cholembera insulin ndi mpope wapadera. Zotchuka kwambiri masiku ano ndi yachiwiriyo lomaliza. Cholembera ndi zosavuta kusamalira ndi abwino ngakhale ana amene kudzimvera kupereka insulin. mpope A, mfundo kumatha kufunika makonzedwe ndi singano n'zogwirizana ambiri odwala.

Nkofunika kukumbukira kufunika amatsatira mlingo onse amene anamuika dokotala. Zimaipitsa iwo analemba kamwedwe mpofunikila, chifukwa angakhale ndi zotsatira ambiri oipa, kuphatikizapo ungathe kusokoneza moyo wa wodwala. Makamaka oopsa ndi owonjezera mlingo osavomerezeka, monga akhoza chakupha. Kupewa mavuto amenewa zosasangalatsa, sibwino kunyalanyaza malangizo a dokotala choncho palibe sasintha ntchito paokha.

M'pofunika kupeza okha mankhwala khalidwe zimenezi zinali phindu kwa thupi la wodwalayo ndipo sadafuna avulaze. Musanayambe kukagula, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti ndi insulin (mtengo sikuti kusonyeza mwaimvetsa). Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opanga udindo amene mbiri mayesero kwa zaka, amene mankhwala kuthandiza kuthandiza miyoyo ya anthu ambiri odwala. Kufufuza ndemanga makasitomala weniweni ndiponso kutsatira malangizo a akatswiri woyenera. Mosamala kusamala thanzi lanu. Sankhani bwino okha ndi okondedwa awo. Khalani wathanzi!