Njoka ya Rauwolfia: kufotokoza ndi malo

Choncho, mwanzeru mwakonza kuti chilengedwe chikhale ndi zonse zomwe munthu ayenera kukhala mosangalala nthawi zonse. Ngakhale zomera zimapatsidwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimakulolani kupewa matenda kapena kuwaletsa. Mwachitsanzo, njoka ya rauwolfia, yomwe imaphatikizapo zoposa 25 alkaloids, imatha kukhazikitsa mphamvu ya magazi. Anthuwa adziwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mizu yake kuti azitha kuchipatala.

Kufotokozera za rauwolfia ya serpenti

Ndi shrub yobiriwira yomwe imakhala ndi miyendo yokwana mamita atatu m'litali. Sili ndi mawonekedwe a fibrous ndipo imapereka mizu yayikulu yotsatira. Ngakhale kuti ili ndi khungu laling'ono lofiira, mkati mwazu ndi lowala, losavuta ndi lowawa kwa kukoma.

Masambawa amachokera ku zidutswa zitatu kapena zingapo pa malo amodzi, kawirikawiri pali njoka ya rauwolfia yomwe imapezeka nthawi zonse. Zili ndizitali, zowonongeka komanso zowala, makamaka zimakhala ndi mphukira yaifupi.

Maluwa a chomerawa amasonkhana mu inflorescences - apical kapena umbelliform, yoyera kapena pinki. Chomwe chimakhala ndi maonekedwe asanu omwe amawombera, omwe amadziwika kwambiri. Zipatso za rauwolfia zimakhala zakuda, monga drupes ndi zamkati zamkati, zosakanikirana pakati.

Dzina lakuti rauwolfia njoka, kufotokozedwa kwa zomwe likufotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, linapezedwa chifukwa chakuti ku India kunagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kulira kwa zirombozi. M'nyumba iliyonse yamaluwa, mitengo yambiri ya chomera ichi idakula kale.

Kupakatikati kwa kukula

Masiku ano, rauwolfia akulima m'mayiko ena, koma kuthengo akhala akupezeka m'madera ena a India monga madera otentha a Himalaya, Central ndi Northern Bengal, Sikkim. Lero likupezeka ku Sumatra, Peru, Sri Lanka, Myanmar ndi Java. Njoka ya Rauwolfia imalimidwa ku Georgia.

Panthaŵi ina amuna ndi amisiri a ku Asia adagwiritsa ntchito mizu yake kuti asamalire anthu, komanso nyama. Ntchito yaikulu - kuchokera ku njoka za njoka ndi tizilombo, malungo, kolera, kutsekula m'mimba, kwa ana, monga kuchepa pang'ono, komanso ku Java zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zachilendo.

Mankhwala amapangidwa

Zothandiza ndi mizu ya rauwolfia serpentine, popeza ili ndi 2% ya alkaloids, kuphatikizapo:

• Reserpine: malo aakulu ndi blockade ya adrenergic neurons;
• Aymalin ali ndi zinthu zosiyana;
• Yohimbine amathandiza kugawidwa kwa magazi, kumawonjezera magalimoto;
• Papaverine ali ndi katundu wa antispasmodic;
• Sarpagin imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi;
• Thebaine ndi mankhwala owopsa.

Izi sizomwe zimapezeka m'midzi ya mbewu. Malingana ndi magwero ena, chiwerengero chawo chiwerengero cha mitundu 25 mpaka 50. Masamba ndi zimayambira ali olemera mu flavonoids, carotenoids ndi madzi amadzi. Reserpine ndilo likulu la rauwolfia serpentine, limene limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala ndi matenda a m'mimba.

Mu njira zambiri malo akukula a chomera ichi ndi nthawi ya kusonkhanitsa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa alkaloid mizu yake. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chomeracho chinamangidwa mu December ku India ku India, ndiye kuti chiwerengero chawo chidzakhala 2.57, ndipo chiwerengero chake chidzafanana ndi malo ena. Pa nthawi yomweyi nthawi ya chomera sichikugwirizana ndi zizindikiro izi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala

Asayansi okha m'zaka za zana la 20 adakhoza kuphunzira bwino ndikuwona momwe mankhwalawa akugwirira ntchito. Iwo anati:

• Reserpine imakhudza dongosolo la mitsempha lozungulira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuthamanga kwa mtima kumachepetsanso thupi la munthu popanda kusinthasintha mpweya wamkati. Reserpine ili ndi pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kupanikizika mwa mtundu uliwonse ndi siteji ya chitukuko cha matenda a hypertensive. Inanenanso kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri pa mankhwala a lipid ndi mapuloteni.
• Raunatin imathandiza kwambiri pa 1 st ndi 2 nd stage ya chitukuko cha matenda oopsa.
• Cholinga cha Aimalin ndikochepetsa kuchepetsa kupanikizika popanda kudumpha ndi kusintha kwakukulu. Zili ndi mphamvu zovuta zowonongeka, ndiko kuti, zimachepetsanso mphamvu ya kupachika kwa mtima, kumene kusangalatsa kwa myocarimu kumachepa.

Kukonzekera komwe kuli ndi alkaloids rauwolfia njoka, lero amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala. Pamene asayansi m'zaka za zana la 20 anatha kudzipatula kuchokera ku iyo reserpine ndikuyesera zotsatira zake pa zinyama, ndiyeno mu malo owonetsera anthu, zinakhala zotheka kupanga mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito izo. Izi ndi masiku ano zimachepetsa mavuto oopsa komanso zimapangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochiritsira

Sidziwika kuti anthu a ku Asia adapeza kale kuti njoka ya Rauwolfia ingakhale yothandiza komanso pansi pa matenda omwe ali nawo, koma pali deta yomwe ngakhale osaka ankagwiritsa ntchito. Anamupaka ndi madzi a mivi ndi nthungo, kuti aphedwe, motero anapha nyama.

Mu mankhwala owerengeka amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Kumayambiriro kwa chiwopsezo chachikulu, koma pamapeto a mlingo. Kugwiritsa ntchito magalamu 1-1.5 a vra katatu patsiku kwa masabata awiri kudzakhala zotsatira zoyamba. Maphunzirowa angathe kupitsidwanso kwa milungu iwiri ndikuwonjezera mlingo pogwiritsa ntchito magalamu ena, ngati palibe vuto lililonse. Kukhalanso kwathunthu kungapezeke pambuyo pa miyezi 3-4. Ngati pali zotsatirapo zina, ndiye kuti chithandizocho chikhoza kuimitsidwa kwa mwezi umodzi, ndipo kenaka kupitilira mpaka kuchira.

• Pokhala ndi matenda m'maganizo a rauwolfia, madontho angapo a tincture a dichlorothiazide ayenera kuwonjezeredwa.
• M'maganizo a m'mimba, masamba a zomerawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zokwanira kutenga 1 tbsp. L. Masamba, kutsanulira 1 tbsp. Madzi otentha otsekemera, onetsetsani, kenaka musakanize osakaniza mu gruel ndikulimbikitsanso maola 4. Yesetsani kugawa ndi kugawa magawo 4 tsiku lililonse.
• Pamene kugona kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, makungwa onse ndi masamba ali ofanana. Tengani 25 g wa osakaniza, kutsanulira 1 tbsp. Madzi ndi wiritsani mu kusambira kwa madzi mpaka theka la galasi. Pambuyo pa izi, onjezerani madzi owiritsa kumtundu wapitawo ndikumwa 75 g musanagone kufikira zotsatira zabwino.
• Ndi mtima wofulumira kwambiri pa 100 g ya madzi, 20 g wa Rauwolfia root rootine pitani. Muzu ndi madzi, bweretsani kwa chithupsa ndikupatsanso mphindi imodzi kwa mphindi 1-2, kenako msuzi wotentha umatsanulira mu thermos ndikuumirira usiku. Okonzeka msuzi mavuto ndi kumwa 1 tbsp. L. Musanadye mwezi.

Rauwolfia serpentine, kugwiritsa ntchito komwe kumadziwika kwambiri mu mankhwala ndi matenda a m'maganizo, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pa malangizo a dokotala ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi iye. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti zingakhale zowononga, ngati sizikugwirizana ndi mlingo.

Zogulitsa katundu

Popeza kufunika kwa alkaloids, yomwe ndi mbali ya mizu ya Rauvolfia njoka, padziko lapansi ndi yaikulu kwambiri, imakula makamaka paminda. Chomera cholimidwa ndi choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ali ndi zaka 3-4. Pamene ili mu fruiting, imafufuzidwa pamodzi ndi muzu, womwe umakonzedwa mosamala pamodzi ndi mizu yonse ndikuyeretsedwa ndi dothi, kuyesera kuti asawononge makungwa omwe ali ndi alkaloids ochuluka kwambiri.

Ngati makungwawo awonongeka mwanjira ina, ndiye kuti chinthu chomwecho chimawoneka kuti n'chopanda pake ndipo sichitha kukonzanso. Njoka ya Rauwolfia imadulidwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo imasiya kuuma dzuwa kapena makamaka kumapanga mpweya wabwino mothandizidwa ndi zowuma pamtentha wa madigiri 50-60.

Chitetezo chokhazikitsanso

Mankhwalawa ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala akale kwambiri komanso ovomerezeka ochizira matenda opatsirana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zipatala ndi masukulu ochita kafukufuku padziko lonse lapansi. Mchitidwe wazaka 60 wophunzira za katundu wa rauwolfia asayansi a njoka watulukira:

• Mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti anthu asamapanikizike ndi kutopa komanso kuchita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Choncho, maganizo amakula bwino kwa odwala, mawonetseredwe a nkhaŵa amatha, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri pa mankhwala oopsa a hypertensives - anthu akuvutika osati ndi kuchulukitsidwa kwa magazi, komanso mantha ambiri ndi kukwiya.

• Pamene reserpine ikuphatikizidwa ndi Piracetam, kugwiritsira ntchito malingaliro ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira, ndipo maganizo omwe anthu amagwira ntchito movutikira amafanana.
• "Adelfan-Ezidreks" ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amalepetsa mofatsa kuponderezedwa popanda kusonyeza zotsatira. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwalawa kumayambitsa chitukuko cha mawonetseredwe otere a hypertension monga nephrosclerosis, mtima wosalimba ndi hypertensive retinopathy. Odwala omwe amatenga "Adelphan-Ezidrex" nthawi zonse, akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wathunthu popanda mantha

Choncho, rauwolfia njoka, omwe akukonzekera ("Raunatin", "Kristepin", "Brinerdin") akhoza kugulitsidwa ku mankhwala alionse, akadakali ofunika, ngakhale kuti chaka chilichonse pali njira zatsopano za odwala matenda opatsirana kwambiri. Mwachiwonekere, zaka 60 za zotsatira zabwino - nthawi yokwanira kuti mumudalire.

Zotsatira zoyipa

Ngati mutatsatira mlingo, zotsatira zake za mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi rauwolfia njoka sanaululidwe. Panthawi ya kuphwanya kwake, pakhoza kukhala mawonetseredwe otere:

• Kuthamanga kwa khungu;
• Kuwonjezeka kwa magazi m'matumbo a maso;
• Mimba ndi kupweteka;
• Kufooka ndi chizungulire;
• Kupuma pang'ono;
• Msuzi ndi kusanza;
• Zoopsya.

Nthawi zina, chithandizo chamakono chikhoza kusonyeza kugona, nkhawa ndi kuvutika maganizo. Ngati zizindikirozi zikuchitika, musamamwe mankhwala nthawi yomweyo ndipo funsani dokotala kuti musinthe mlingo.

Mbiri ya Phunziro la Rauvolfia Njoka

Ali ku India chomeracho chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri kuti azilumidwa ndi njoka monga mapulogalamu ogona a ana, kuthetsa mphulupulu ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, ku Ulaya iwo anali ndi chidwi chokha m'ma 3000 m'zaka za m'ma 2000. Chigawo choyambacho chinasungidwa mu 1931, pomwe adapeza zatsopano zawo pambuyo pake.

Mwachitsanzo, ku Germany iwo anayamba kuchita kafukufuku osati mankhwala okhaokha a rauwolfia njoka, komanso pazigawo zake zokha, kufufuza katundu wawo pa nthawi imodzi komanso kuphatikiza.

Rauwolfia

Mudziko osati rauwolfia njoka (chithunzi m'munsimu) amadziwika, komanso mitundu yake, yomwe imakhalanso ndi mankhwala.

Mwachitsanzo:

• Rauwolfia emetic imakula m'nkhalango za Congo;
• Rauwolfia graying amachokera ku Australia, India ndi South America;

Zonse zopanda pake, mitundu ya zomera izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zosowa za makampani opanga mankhwala.