Nthambi za kunja carotid mtsempha wamagazi anthu

Thupi la munthu kuchokera kumutu mpaka chala ndi lodzala ndi mitsempha ya magazi. Kulola thupi liziyenda bwinobwino ndiponso kuchita thupi lonse zakudya ndi oxygen. Ena mwa iwo ndi ziwiya chotero, chomwe ali ofunika kwa anthu.

mtsempha wamagazi carotid

Aliyense wa ife kamodzi pa moyo wawo kuti kuonongeka mbali ina ya thupi, monga chala kagawo kwa iwo amayamba kutayikira magazi. Magazi asiye kutuluka si zovuta, popeza m'mimba mwake chotengera ndi ochepa ndi kuthamanga anali otsika. Komanso, mu magazi a anthu othandiza magazi kuundana, amene kuononga odulidwa, ndipo pambuyo angapo Mphindi iye akuima magazi.

Koma si nthawi zonse zichitike: mu thupi la munthu, simuli zotengera zosiyana ndi awiri lalikulu, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kuti akamayendetsa iwo. Kawirikawiri zili zofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu ndiponso kuwonongeka komanso kusowa chisamaliro kungayambitse mavuto aakulu magazi. Mmodzi wa awa ndi mtsempha wamagazi carotid.

Izi chotengera magazi wophatikizidwa mtsempha wamagazi imene imayamba mu chifuwa ndi mafoloko, wakuti motsogozedwa mutu. Chifukwa cha ichi, ntchito yake yaikulu tinganene kuti aziyenda ubongo magazi, maso ndi ziwalo zina za mutu anthu.

Zambiri za Kapangidwe ka carotid mtsempha wamagazi ndi ntchito zake

Carotid mtsempha wamagazi ali nthambi ziwiri: lamanja ndi kumanzere. Woyamba zimachokera ku mapewa a mbiya. Womwe ndi mtsinje kumanzere, nayenso, akuyamba ku dera la Chipilala kung'ambika. Chifukwa zinthu izi anatomical wa mtsempha wamagazi lamanzere angapo masentimita yaitali kuposa kumanja. Ndiye anasamukira vertically oposa, pokhala ili pakhosi, ndipo nthambi zina ili mu madera osiyana a mutu.

Ntchito yaikulu ya mitsempha ya - kusowa magazi ku ubongo. Izi zikhoza kudzachitika pokhapo pamene chotengera alibe zosiyanasiyana matenda ndi pathologies, kulepheretsa yachibadwa magazi. Pamene pali blockage wa mitsempha, munthu zikuoneka kuti muyenera opaleshoni.

mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid

Mtundu wa mtsempha wamagazi ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za thunthu wamba mtsempha wamagazi ndi carotid. Umayamba kwa mtsempha wamagazi limodzi, pa msinkhu wa tulo wa makona, mmodzi wa ziwalo. Choyamba, chitadutsa cha mtsempha wamagazi pakati lili mkati, ndiye zayamba laterally ndi ulemu wake.

Poyamba, mtsempha wamagazi uyu ali ndi minofu, ndipo ngati tikambirana malo m'dera tulo wa makona, ndiye kuti zingaoneke pansi minofu subcutaneous ili pakhosi. Pa mtsempha wamagazi uyu sikuthetsa, chimachitika magawano. Mu mandible, za mlingo khosi, pali nthambi yoyamba ya mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid. Iwo ukufanizidwa ndi mtsempha wamagazi maxillary ndi kungotengeka mwakanthawi. Komanso, pali nthambi zina za mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid, iwo mogwirizana ndi malangizo osiyana mu mayendedwe ziwalo. Choncho, anafotokozedwa kutsogolo, pakati ndi kumbuyo nthambi ya mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid. Aliyense wa iwo ndi udindo ntchito yachibadwa zina za thupi la munthu, kuwapatsa chakudya ndi mpweya.

gulu kutsogolo

Ndi malo awa zokhudza kunja carotid mtsempha wamagazi nthambi ya mbiya, muli ndi ziwiya wokongola chidwi. The peculiarity wa gulu ili kuti akulola otaya magazi kwa ziwalo m'dera la nkhope ndi khosi. Choncho, kuchokera ku ntchito zawo zimadalira uziyenda kukhosi, nkhope, lilime, chithokomiro England. A chotengera okwana predstavlyayayuschego nthambi ya mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid, sitima yaikulu inyamuka atatu, mwachilungamo lalikulu kukula. Ndiye pali wodziwanso kuposa magawano mu zotengera zocheperako zosiyanasiyana ngati amalola kupulumutsa magazi mbali zonse zofunika za thupi.

Kutsogolo nthambi gulu la mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid zikuphatikizapo chotengera zazikulu zitatu, aliyense ali ndi ntchito yeniyeni ndi malo.

mtsempha wamagazi wapamwamba chithokomiro

nthambi yake limapezeka pa nyanga za mlingo pa chiyambi cha fupa hyoid. dongosolo Zimenezi zimathandiza ndendende izi magazi amapereka mtsempha wamagazi kwa mabele England ndipo, ndithudi, parathyroid. Komanso, chifukwa mtsempha wamagazi uyu, magazi amapita ku m'mphako ya kudutsa pamwamba pa mtsempha wamagazi m'dera la minofu mastoid.

Pambuyo pake, iye, monga zotengera kwambiri mu thupi lagawidwa kachiwiri. Ndipo mabele mtsempha wamagazi chapamwamba kuoneka sublingual ndi cricothyroid nthambi. Mmodzi wa iwo, ndiko sublingual, wobwezera ziwiya waukulu kudyetsa minofu lotsatira, ndipo fupa hyoid.

Koma nthambi cricothyroid, chimathandiza otaya magazi minofu ziwalo. Pambuyo kuti pali kugwirizana ndi icho monga mtsuko wake kumbali inayo.

Akunja mtsempha wamagazi laryngeal amalola kupulumutsa magazi kwa epiglottis ndi m'phuno. Ndi izo, n'zotheka kuti akatidzadza matupi mpweya Kakhungu, ndi ili pafupi minofu.

mtsempha wamagazi chinenero

chotengera ichi ndi anthu m'mbuyomu, ndi chigawo chimodzi cha nthambi za mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid, nthambi amapezeka pamwamba basi mmodzi wa nsupa, makamaka chithokomiro. Izi zimachitika fupa hyoid, kenako limayenda ndi pang'onopang'ono adza kwa dera kansalu Pirogov. Ndiye mtsempha wamagazi chinenero walangizidwa mfundo zimene nalo dzina lake, kuti, kwa chinenerochi, ili pansi. Ngakhale kuti. poyerekeza ndi mitsempha zina, chinenero imatengedwa kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri, komanso ali ndi ziwiya zing'onozing'ono.

Mwachitsanzo, chakuya mtsempha wamagazi lilime amaoneka ngati lalikulu chinenero nthambi mtsempha wamagazi. malo ake ndi chidwi kwambiri: choyamba, icho chimapita ndi adza kwa otchedwa m'munsi mwa lilime. Ndiye akupitiriza kusuntha pamodzi ndi adza kwa nsonga ya. chotengera ichi wazunguliridwa ndi minofu angapo, makamaka pa lingual ndi kutsikira kotenga.

Komanso pali suprahyoid nthambi, ntchito yake yaikulu ndi mwa kundipatsako magazi fupa hyoid. Chotero, izo ili m'mphepete chapamwamba fupa. mtsempha wamagazi Sublingual ili m'dera la minofu hyoid, mwachindunji pamwamba. paradaiso zinchito ndi vascularity m'kamwa, chifukwa mpweya wake umaperekedwa kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse za M'mimbamo anthu m'kamwa. Chiwerengero chimenechi chikuphatikizaponso m'kamwa mucosa, malovu England, ndipo ngakhale m'kamwa. nthambi dorsal ndi malo achilendo, kotero inu mukhoza kuona nawo limodzi minofu, mu nkhani iyi, hyoid.

mtsempha wamagazi nkhope

Mtundu uwu wa chidebe ndi nthambi mu ngodya m'munsi nsagwada ndi ndiye chimapita kupyola England pabwino pafupi, i.e. submandibular. chotengera ichi si kanthu wotchedwa mtsempha wamagazi nkhope, chifukwa, kuyambira pakhosi, icho chimapita kupyola m'dera la nsagwada m'munsi, pang'onopang'ono chokwawa padziko m'dera nkhope. Ndiye pitirirani nazo ndi kusuntha pamwamba. Nsonga ziwiya kutha mu ngodya m'kamwa mwake, ndi nthambi zina ukufika diso. Komanso, mtsempha wamagazi yokha zikuphatikizapo ziwiya zina, motero, pali nthambi zina.

Ngakhale kuti nthambi makamaka kunja carotid mtsempha wamagazi pakhosi, mitsempha ang'onoang'ono mu gulu ili mu nkhope ndi pakamwa pang'ono anthu. Mindalikovaya nthambi zimapita kwa Palatine tonsil ndi nthambi uli kumwamba. Iye amapitanso m'munsi mwa chinenero, kufika mpanda wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa mwa munthu.

Pankhani mtsempha wamagazi ndi Palatine, malo - mwachindunji pa maziko omwe a mtsempha wamagazi ndi nkhope, omwe ali mbali ya gulu lina lotchedwa nthambi zapambuyo wa mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid. Itha kuwuka mtsempha wamagazi Palatine m'dera la pakhosi, makamaka mucosa ake ndipo Komanso, tonsil palatal. Nthambi lomaliza kuwafika mipope udindo kumva bwinobwino.

mtsempha wamagazi Submental udzadutsa minofu hyoid, ngati mwachindunji yeniyeni, kudzera pamwamba kunja kwa minofu imeneyi. Mapeto a chotengera kusunthira mu dera chibwano ndi ena minofu khosi.

Gulu kumbuyo

Kumbuyo nthambi ya mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid, monga anthu yapita, ali nthambi ziwiya zake. Chokani kwa khutu lake, ndipo mu malo awa kunayamba mtsempha wamagazi ndi occipital. Ndi thandizo lawo magazi kumachitika mkati mbali yapadziko lapansi ya khutu. Komanso, kuthokoza kwa mitsempha deta kupereka magazi minofu ya m'khosi imakhala kuseri mu khosi, ndi njira ya mitsempha nkhope. Chinthu chapadera pa nthambi - ndi amatha kudutsa mu nembanemba ubongo.

mtsempha wamagazi occipital

Inyamuka yekha, ndi pafupifupi mkulu monga kutsogolo. malo - pafupi ndi minofu digastric ndi pansi, ndiye pali gulu mu poyambira pafupi kachisi. Kenako, njira chitadutsa pansi pa khungu, pamene iye ndipo adamulowetsa kumbuyo kwa mutu, ndi nthambi akupezeka khungu la dera occipital.

Atapita njira yonse, iwo olumikiza nthambi womwewo umene unabwera kuchokera tsidya lina la msewu. Pangani kugwirizana ndi nthambi zina zotengera za ndime msana.

Womwe ndi mtsinje occipital ng'ambidwa m'zotengera angapo ang'onoang'ono motero amaoneka khutu kunsi, mastoid nthambi. Woyamba imatsogoleredwa molunjika ku zooneka mkati mwa khutu la munthu ndi kudutsa izo, akhala m'modzi ndi nthambi zina za zapambuyo mtsempha wamagazi auricular. Kunsi umalandira ngodya kwambiri zobisika, chifukwa pali m'dera khosi, limene lili ndi zina. Pankhani mastoid ndi yankholo mu ubongo Kakhungu, mu njira zogwirizana alipo kumeneko.

Zapambuyo mtsempha wamagazi auricular

Nthambi za kunja ndi mkati mitsempha carotid mbali yofunika kwambiri mu thupi, komanso nthambi zazing'ono. Mwachitsanzo, beseni imatsogoleredwa obliquely chammbuyo, izo zimapita ku digastric ndi zina chimafikira izi: chochokera m'mphepete kumbuyo kwa pamimba. Amagwiritsidwanso ogaŵikana nthambi zitatu ang'onoang'ono. Imodzi mwa zotengera adzakhala occipital nthambi.

malo limafanana ndi maziko a ndondomeko mastoid, akulola otaya magazi kwa khungu, amene ali m'dera occipital. Khutu nthambi kunathandiza awo kudzera kumbuyo kwa khutu m'derali ndipo Amathandiza magazi kupereka mbali yapadziko lapansi ya mkati mwa khutu la munthu. mtsempha wamagazi Stylomastoid kungathandize ofunika: opaleshoni mwake zimadalira Mbali yaikulu mitsempha nkhope, chifukwa kwa iye ndi akulowa magazi, malo gawo lolingana fupa mwakanthawi.

The gulu pakati

Avereji ya gulu nthambi za mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid ali nthambi zosakwana m'mbuyomu. Ndipotu, gulu zikuphatikizapo mtsempha wamagazi, amene ndiye ukugawa mu angapo ziwiya zing'onozing'ono, koma kufunikira kwa iyo ili si kuchepa.

Nthambi medial wa mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid monga mwa umembala akwera pharyngeal ake mtsempha wamagazi ndi ziwiya zina magazi, zomwe n'zotheka kupereka zakudya, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - mpweya, minofu imene ili pa nkhope, ndiye, kuyamwitsa milomo, masaya, etc ...

Kutuluka mtsempha wamagazi pharyngeal

Pambuyo nthambi mtsempha wamagazi ake amatenga mbali iyi motsogozedwa pharynx ndi akudutsa pa khoma lake. Nthambi chotengera kumachitika, kotero kuti kumbuyo mtsempha wamagazi meningeal ndi kwa ng'oma ndi zina chimafikira mwa canaliculus ng'oma, pokhala ili mu umodzi wa cavities ake, mu nkhani iyi pansi.

nthambi osachiritsika

nthambi osachiritsika a mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid - nambala yaing'ono Mitsempha amene ali mbali ya mtsempha wamagazi ndi carotid. nthambi izi ali mitsempha awiri, womwe ndi maxillary ndipo pamwamba-mwakanthawi. Iwo amasiyana kukula, ndi ziwiya zina, chichokereni ku iwo, n'zotheka kuti kunyamula magazi kumalekezero a thupi.

mtsempha wamagazi zachiphamaso zosatha

chotengera ichi ndi kupitiriza kwa mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid. Ndime zake limafanana padziko lapansi ya mbali mkati mwa khutu, ndicho khoma kutsogolo, womwe ndi mtsinje ili pansi pa khungu. Movement ukupita mmwamba ndi yalunjika munda wa kachisi. Ngati mukufuna kuyesa ripple amasonyeza nthambi ya kunja carotid mtsempha wamagazi mu malo awa. Apa chimatanthauza kumpanda magazi ndi wosavuta.

Ndiye pali wodziwanso kuposa magawano: pali parietal ndi mtsempha wamagazi mazunzo. Izi zimachitika pa ngodya ya mlingo diso, yomwe inali pafupi ndi dera mwakanthawi. mitsempha zidindo magazi pamphumi, korona, epicranius.

nthambi osachiritsika a mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid monga mu kapangidwe kake pamwamba chotengera, amene lagawidwa asanu ang'onoang'ono. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi mtsempha wamagazi yopingasa nkhope. chotengera ichi magazi ili mu England parotid, madziwo. Ndiye izo likupita ku masaya ndipo ili mu khungu. Ziwiya phunziro kwa dera infraorbital ndi kuwonjezera kwa mtundu wina wa minofu minofu - wotsanzira.

Skuloglaznichnaya amalola magazi minofu ena diso, kudutsa yaing'ono zygomatic Chipilala. Khutu kutsogolo kwa khutu ati, ndicho kuonekera pamwamba pake cha gawo lamkati komanso ali ndi mtsempha wamagazi pafupifupi kanthawi ndi nthambi ili mu England ili apa.

mtsempha wamagazi Maxillary si thunthu limodzi ndi kwambiri anagawa ziwiya zina, mu nkhani iyi, kudziwa m'madipatimenti angapo, amene - pachibwano. Ndicho amaphatikizapo cheza ziwiya zing'onozing'ono, monga mtsempha wamagazi kwambiri khutu. Palinso mtsempha wamagazi mwachilungamo lalikulu lotchedwa alveolar otsika. Ziwiya densest mwa gulu - sing'anga meningalny ili kwa nembanemba ubongo.

Pomaliza

Mfundo zapamwambazo zikusonyeza kuti mtsempha wamagazi kunja carotid. Zimachititsa chilumbachi nthambi ukugawa mu magulu 4. Iwo onse ndi zofunika za munthu kulephera kwa mmodzi wa iwo zingakhudze osati mavuto a m'madera ena a thupi, komanso pa chamoyo wonse. The yofunika ankaimba ndi ziwiya yaing'ono kuti kuyambira nthambi iliyonse, chifukwa kulola diso magazi okwanira dera, tsaya, chibwano, mbali zosiyanasiyana za mutu unachitika mu minofu, ndipo ili pafupi kuti epithelium lapansi.