Okhala ndi chiyani? History zithunzi. Kodi kulenga buku azithunzithunzi?

Graphic mabuku ndi chidwi, zodabwitsa ndi mantha. Aliyense view pojambula buku azithunzithunzi zikutipatsa mafunso okhudza chikhalidwe ndi zikhulupiliro. Sikungokhudza oseketsa zithunzi, analenga zosangalatsa. Ndi zambiri. Ndi nthawi kumvetsa kuti azithunzithunzi izi makamaka.

kutanthauza

Mawu "azithunzithunzi" afika Chirasha lotanthauzira mawu a English azithunzithunzi, kutanthauza zoseketsa. Anthu ambiri akufuna kudziwa zimene okhala ndi kumene kunali dzina loti. Anthu wamba akhoza anasankha okhala buku likutipatsa, kumene nusu ya sewero lanthabwala ndi nthabwala. Zooneka luso bwinobwino pamodzi nkhani ndi nkhani. Ngakhale khalidwe woseketsa zilembo, chithunzi choyambirira ndipo dialogues wachipongwe, azithunzithunzi n'kupanga ali Mitundu zosiyana kotheratu, ku thrillers ndi nkhani ofufuza, mathero nkhani odziwika.

History zithunzi, monga ulamuliro, ndi matanthauzo akuya ndi makhalidwe abwino. Kuti mudziwe onse anazindikira mwa ana ndi akulu omwe, pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi ndi kumvera pa kulankhula zimene zimasonyeza phokoso ndi kuseka (mwachitsanzo, BOOOM, ha?! POW! Ndipo ha-ha-ha). M'mawu ena, ndi azithunzithunzi buku - nkhani mu caricature.

Mbiri ya okhala

Kutchula koyamba za mabuku likutipatsa agona mu chikhalidwe Japanese. Ndiye zosangalatsa analenga nkhani zojambula, wotchedwa Kandachime manga. okhala izi zikuchitikabe ndipo dziko otchuka. okhala Japanese akhala makolo a zojambula miyambo kum'maŵa - anime.

Kenako pafupi ndi atumwi XVI, anayamba kuoneka mitundu Loona za mabuku zojambulajambula. Inali nthawi imeneyi Barcelona ndi Valencia anayamba kufalitsa timabuku achipembedzo ankatchedwa "Aleluya!". Mawonekedwe bwino wa okhala kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18, pamene magazini ya San Francisco Examiner anafalitsa buku loyamba okhala oseketsa ana "Teddy chimbalangondo ndi kambuku." Zikamera ya nkhani yachilendo Nkhani analiza omvetsera, ndipo kuchokera nthawi imeneyo anayamba nyengo lalikulu la mabuku zojambulajambula.

Mfundo yaikulu ya mabuku likutipatsa

nkhani Mafanizo tinapangidwa kuonetsetsa kuti chidwi owerenga wa mbiri yake yochititsa chidwi. Experience anatsimikizira kuti ulendo nkhani ndi nkhani ofufuza ali otchuka kwambiri, ngati pali ngakhale fano yaing'ono. Monga ulamuliro, osati aliyense akufuna kuwerenga buku wandiweyani. Comics anatola kwa wachiwiri oyamba, kwathunthu kumiza owerenga mu zongopeka dziko kapena chilengedwe. Chithunzi chilichonse ali ndi nkhani ya kalembedwe yakeyake zojambula ndi malemba.

Tsopano pali zikwi okhala, olengedwa onse pogwiritsa ntchito mabuku, ndi wapadera nkhani ulendo. Kodi okhala kwenikweni ndi zimene cheni ake? Asayansi ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo ku University of Waterloo asonyeza kuti okhala ndi zambiri mosavuta analandira ndi ana ndi akulu, kuposa mabuku, mafilimu ndi nkhani. Akamanena za mabuku likutipatsa - ndi kulenga nkhani zosangalatsa pogwiritsa ntchito zojambula wodzichepetsa ndiponso nyimbo.

Kodi kulenga azithunzithunzi Mzere

azithunzithunzi buku mtundu wapadera kwambiri. Amene mukuwerenga buku likutipatsa, posapita nthawi akufunsa "Kodi kulenga azithunzithunzi yekha?".

Malangizo izi amathandiza cartoonists akatswiri:

1. Amene azithunzithunzi Mzere analengedwa opanda script ndi? Ndiko kulondola, palibe. Lembani sewero wapadera ndi chidwi - ndi sitepe yoyamba kuti chilengedwe cha buku la zojambulajambula. M'pofunika kulembetsa mbiriyakale, anthu ndiponso dialogues. Musaononge kufotokozera, chifukwa iwo ali azithunzithunzi kanjedza, zomwenso zimaonetsa zinthu zonse. Kutsindika ayenera kuchita pa kukambirana ndi chiwembu zazikulu. Potengera nkhani alipo kapena filimu mwina chifukwa script lapansi. Chinthu chachikulu - kumbukirani kuti nkhani zonse zojambula ndi wapadera.

2. Mulimonsemo sikutheka kuti muyambe kujambula okhala popanda storyboards. Izi ndi Baibulo yachiwiri ya buku likutipatsa, kapena kusodza. Nawa anapanga zina zachidule choyamba. Nkhani zithunzi ayenera kugwirizana ndi mzake, choncho ntchito storyboard. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kulembetsa lililonse "lalikulu" okhala kufotokoza ngwazi kanthu ndi replicas awo. M'mawu ena, m'pofunika kufotokoza mafelemu m'tsogolo.

3. Kwa amene akufuna kuphunzira mmene kulenga buku azithunzithunzi, muyenera kufunafuna thandizo kwa okonzeka zopangidwa mabuku zojambulajambula. Ankamvera ayenera kuperekedwa kalembedwe. Ngati izi ndi nkhani za odziwika, zithunzi zonse ayenera kukhala lowala, ndi kukambirana zimaoneka nthawi yomweyo. Pamene inu kusankha nkhani ya ulendo mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ofunda, malankhulidwe dzuwa. Detective ndi yonthunthumilitsa ayenera kudetsa ndi mumadabwa owerenga Choncho, ntchito buluu, imvi wakuda mitundu.

4. Owerenga tcheru mudzazindikira kuti azithunzithunzi sizichitika chimango chomwecho. Nthawi zina zochitika akupezeka pa masamba a achitatu, ndipo ena 10 ndi kukula yaing'ono ndi oyenera pa kachidutswa kakang'ono ka pepala. kalembedwe Ichi ndi zosavuta kuwerenga okhala.

nkhani Special chinenero zithunzi

Chinthu chapadera cha buku azithunzithunzi chilankhulo wapadera. Apa palibe lemba, agwilitse 99% wa tsamba. Ngwazi waukulu chidole ndizo mawu kakang'ono kamene pofotokoza zinthu makamaka sizoonekeratu kuti owerenga. Akamanena za nkhani imafalikira ndi nkhani zoonekeratu kumene zilembo akukopeka mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso lawo.

Popeza okhala okha abwera kwa ife ku Europe ndi US, nkhani zonse zinalembedwa mu English, koma chifukwa cha zojambula wapadera nkhani akhoza mfutizo popanda mawu. Awa ndi mau apadera okhala.

DC vs Usadabwe

Awiri otchuka yosindikiza okhala kwa zaka zoposa 50, kupikisana ndi mzake. Cartoonists padziko lonse anagawidwa ziŵiri. DC Comics ndi Usadabwe kwambiri takambirana pa intaneti, ndi kulenga iwo ndi ulendo Saga, monga mafani nkhosa kuchokera konsekonse mu dziko ya Madyerero World wa Akanema a nthabwala Con azithunzithunzi buku. Taganizirani mwachidule mbiri ya aliyense wofalitsa.

DC. Waukulu yosindikiza ngwazi - Batman wa Gotham City woipa amene amabweretsa - Joker. Alipo kuyambira 1934 ndipo oyambirira anatengera filimu zochokera buku likutipatsa inafalitsidwa mu 1969. DC asatambira mafani ake okhala Chitsulo, Ndikudabwa Woman, Yona Hex ndi Green nyali.

Usadabwe. Mlengi wa Usadabwe multiverse - Stan Lee. Wofalitsa ali wotchuka kwambiri kuposa DC, chifukwa mabuku likutipatsa monga "X-Amuna" ndi "Wolverine," "Captain America" ndi "Iron Man" ndi "Wosangalatsa Anayi," "Thor," "Nyerere-Man". Mbali yaikulu ya Usadabwe kuti iwo kupereka msonkho kwa Stan Lee, kuitana mokondwera wachikulire mu kuwombera, ndi kum'patsa ziwiri chachiwiri chidole. Mosiyana DC nyumba kusindikiza mabuku nkhani ndi tanthauzo lakuya labwino akuyesera kuti asonyeze mbali ziwiri za ndalama yomweyo (zabwino ndi zoipa). okhala onse Usadabwe zikuluzikulu ndipo ndi nkhani yachilendo. Chaka maziko - 1939, woyamba filimu anatengera linatuluka mu 1944 ( "Captain America").

The okhala mtengo kwambiri

Mu bwalo kwa nthawi yaitali zaka za m'ma 21, ndi kupitiriza kulenga okhala, kufalitsa ndi filimu. Vuto limeneli nthawi zonse adzakhala otchuka, ndipo ndithudi sudzazima. Ngakhale izi, cartoonists izi ngati osati kuwerenga mabuku likutipatsa, komanso kusonkhanitsa Mabaibulo kawirikawiri ndi zochepa. Kotero kwambiri mtengo wapatali ndiponso azithunzithunzi buku lonse?

Action Comics mu 1938, ofunika pa $ 2 miliyoni. Baibulo loyambirira la okhala ndi chithunzi cha Chitsulo pa dziko pali osapitirira 9 zidutswa. Zaka 80 zapitazo tikhoza kugula Action Comics palibe masenti oposa 10. Komanso anthu ambiri amafuna n'zochepa zojambula Curt Mbalame ya Chinsansa (wolemba nkhani za Batman kuyambira 1942). Imodzi mwa ntchito zake Akuti pa 200,000 - $ 400,000.

ulendo okhala

History of Mickey Mbewa ndi Donald bakha - si zojambula chabe, imene mibadwo yonse wamkulu. Msangani wenewu anayamba zochokera azithunzithunzi lapansi. Chinthu chidwi kwambiri kuti zojambula oyambirira analengedwa pa mfundo imene mapangidwe likutipatsa: anagwiritsanso ntchito storyboard, nkhani mzere ndi cues wapakamwa ndi kuwira. Mbali yaikulu ya azithunzithunzi buku wa ana - ulendo mtundu wanyimbo. Ulendo okhala kulankhula za zilembo zazikulu, amene ndi vuto zosayembekezeka ndi kuwathetsa lonse azithunzithunzi lapansi.

Kodi kuwerenga okhala

Pamene funso "Kodi azithunzithunzi ndi kuwerenga izo," muyenera kumatsatira dongosolo la mbiri ya zojambulajambula. Classic okhala - ndi ang'ono, mtundu magazini, wopangidwa mwa 10-30 masamba. Aliyense pepala ndi mbali zojambula angapo, nthawi zambiri osati ndalama zoposa 10 (kuchuluka zimadalira mtundu wa tsamba "mafelemu"). Muyenera kuyamba kuwerenga kuchokera lalikulu loyamba ili chapamwamba kumanzere ngodya. Dongosolo ndi makonzedwe a chimango kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja. Ena okhala ndi kuwerenga ndi unyolo Njoka. Ngati aliyense wa mbiri ya mndandanda wa okhala, Ndi bwino kuwerenga gawo loyamba kumvetsa nkhani zochititsa chidwi za otchuka.

Comics - si nthano za odziwika. Aliyense wowerenga angathe kupeza mtundu wanyimbo awo ankakonda. Zonse muyenera ndi kuviika mu multiverse, kulowa woyanjana ndi makhalidwe onse ndi kufufuza chikhalidwe chawo. Izi kutsegula dziko latsopano ndi lodabwitsa la mabuku likutipatsa 20 ndi 21 m'ma!