Erich Kastner: yonena ndi ntchito ya wolemba

Erich Kastner (1899-1974), German wolemba ndi wotsutsa, mbadwa ya Dresden, anapambana kutchuka kwake chifukwa mabuku zoseketsa ana ndi apakhungu ndakatulo ndi zowawa za Zotengera.

ubwana

Za ubwana wa wolemba angapezeke mu ntchito yake lotchedwa "Pamene ine ndinali mwana." Malemba mbiri kupezeka pa intaneti, amadziwika osati mochuluka: mwanayo anakulira Dresden ndi zaka 14 anagwirizana maphunziro aphunzitsi. Komabe, patapita zaka zitatu, atatsala pang'ono kutha boma la Erich Kastner linasokonekera maphunziro. Kenako, zinthu izi zikufotokozedwa ndi wolemba m'buku lake "The Flying M'kalasi".

The nyumba kumene mnyamata ankakhala ndi banja lake, yomwe ili Konigsbryuker Strasse. Tsopano si kutali m'nyumbayi wodzipereka kwa wolemba. Atate Kestner ntchito saddler, ndipo mayi ake anakwanitsa pitani atatu "Maudindo" mtumiki, mdzakazi ndi hairdresser.

Mnyamatayo anali kutikonda kwambiri iye, kotero ngakhale atachoka m'nyumba ya atate ake ndi chiyambi cha World Choyamba (1917), anapitiriza kulemba mayi wake kulemba makalata olimbikitsa ndi mapositi kadi. chikondi kwa iye Erich Kastner anavutika ntchito zawo. Komanso, maganizo si sakuyenda ngakhale ndi zikamera wa mphekesera zoti iye kubera pa mwamuna awo dokotala banja Emilem Tsimmermanom. Komabe, nkhani imeneyi sichinayambe anatsimikizira, komanso maganizo amene Erich zikhoza kukhala mwana wake.

zaka wamng'ono

Atabatizidwa usilikali ku usilikali, mnyamatayo anali ophunzitsidwa ku kampani ya zida zankhondo lolemera. Ichi chinaoneka kukhala mayeso zovuta kwa achinyamata Kestner ndi zatenganso mbali mu mapangidwe ake mmene dziko.

Mu ankhondo, Erich mwamphamvu mokhomerera, zikubweretsa chitukuko cha matenda a mtima mu wolemba m'tsogolo. Chinachake ina, chifaniziro cha mbuye anga wake Vauriha wopalamulayo adzaoneka mu ndakatulo satirical ankanyoza pa nkhondo German ndipo anthu ngati amenewo, ndasangalala kuthandiza lamuloli.

ntchito

Titamaliza wa First World Erich Kastner anali analembedwa University of Leipzig, amene anapereka mmalo a zaumunthu ndi maphunziro zisudzo. Komabe, kuphunzira sanali free, ndi matumba kanthu amakakamizidwa mnyamata kuganizira kufunika kwa ntchito nthawi, ngakhale "Gold maphunziro," adalandira kale.

Chifukwa, Kastner anayesetsa kwambiri: kwa wogulitsa mafuta onunkhiritsa kuti stockbroker wothandizira. Pambuyo kuteteza nkhani yolembedwa wake mu 1925, Erich anayamba zarabyvat utolankhani podzudzula zisudzo choonetsedwa mu ndime ya m'modzi wa nyuzipepala m'dera, koma patapita zaka ziwiri anachotsedwa. Mnyamata mlandu wa khalidwe zosafunikira kulemba ndakatulo "Madzulo Song chipinda katswiri" lomwe lili bwino apamaliro kumbali.

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo zotchulidwa Kestner Erih anasamukira ku Berlin kupitiriza kugwira ntchito mwa onse a nyuzipepala yemweyo, basi monga dipatimenti freelancer chikhalidwe. M'kupita kwa nthawi, achinyamata anadutsa zambiri aliases imene inalemba nkhani wake: Berthold Burger, Melchior Kurtz, Peter mwala ndi Robert Neuner.

Pakali pano, inali kudziŵika kuti nthawi kuchokera 1923 mpaka 1933. Kestner, walemba nkhani zoposa 350. Chiwerengero chenicheni sakudziwika chifukwa ntchito ambiri a wolemba zinawonongedwa ndi moto mu 1944.

Mu nthawi kuchokera 1926 mpaka mu 1932. nyuzipepala Beyers für alle anabwera pang'ono poyerekeza nkhani mazana awiri osiyana ndi mikuluwiko ana, lolembedwa ndi Erich ndi ofalitsidwa mogwirizana pseudonym wa Klaus ndi Clare. Komanso, munthu nkhani ndiponso zipangizo zina periodicals osiyanasiyana, amene mwamsanga udachita iye mbiri mabwalo m'mutu Berlin.

Erich Kastner: Mlembi

Buku loyamba la wolemba, lofalitsidwa mu 1928, anali gulu ndakatulo, komanso itatu yotsatira. Patapita chaka chimodzi, anapanga ntchito prose, mmodzi wa iwo (buku ana "Emil ndi ofufuza") chotchuka kwambiri kutali. Pa anajambula mafilimu angapo ndipo ngakhale mini-zino, ngakhale chiwembu ndi woyambirira filimu anatengera anapangidwa zina, malinga ndi zofunikira za nthawi.

Chinachake Patapita ntchito ana ena zinatuluka: "Anton Button," "The Flying M'kalasi", "Awiri Lotta". Buku chokha chimene chili cha mtengo mwa mawu a mtengo zolembalemba, amaonedwa lofalitsidwa, mu 1931, "Fabian: Mbiri ya zamakhalidwe a."

Mu 1933, Erich Kastner, amene mabuku liwotchedwe ngati kunyoza ndi kutsutsa mzimu German inachotsedwa Writers 'Union pambuyo mafunso angapo mwa Gestapo. Wolemba kuti kukhala Berlin chifukwa sankafuna kuponya mayi ake, amene panokha ankayang'anira "moto amasonyeza" pa lalikulu.

Chifukwa, mu Chachitatu Ulamuliro wa Nazi buku la ntchito zake kunali koletsedwa kutero, koma Erich anatha kulalikira ku Switzerland, ena mabuku ndithu zabwinobwino.

Nkhondo itatha, wolemba adzalemba ndi buku autobiographical za zaka ubwana "Pamene ndinali wamng'ono," komanso "Little Max" ndi "Little Max ndi Little Abiti" (1957), odzipatulira kwa mwana wake Erich.

Kestner ntchito otsiriza, lofalitsidwa mu 1961, adzakhala tsikulo, "Nota Bene 45".

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World

Mu 1944 lathyathyathya Kestner watentha mabomba, chotero, pamene nkhondoyo inali itatha, wolemba anasamukira ku Munich, kumene anatenga udindo mkulu mu Dipatimenti ya nyuzipepala ya kumaloko, analankhula pa wailesi ndi cabaret zolembalemba.

Zikuoneka kuti chifukwa moyo wotero chipwirikiti cha Kestner Erih anali sanakwatiwepo, koma anali mwana wake wokondedwa Thomas. Wolemba anamwalira Munich chipatala (Neuperlach) mu July 1974 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu manda a St. George.