Oxides Amphoteric. katundu mankhwala, ntchito pokonza

oxides Amphoteric (ndi katundu wapawiri) - ambiri oxides milandu zitsulo amene otsika electronegativity. Malinga kunja kuonetsa okusayidi iliyonse acidic kapena katundu. oxides awa anapanga ndi zitsulo kusintha, amene amangoona kuonetsa zotsatirazi limati makutidwe ndi okosijeni: ll, lll, lv.

Zitsanzo za oxides amphoteric: nthaka okusayidi (ZnO), chromium okusayidi lll (Cr2O3), zotayidwa okusayidi (Al2O3), okusayidi ll malata (SnO), okusayidi malata lv (SnO2), kutsogolera okusayidi ll (PbO), kutsogolera okusayidi lv (PbO2) , titaniyamu okusayidi lv (TiO2), manganese okusayidi lv (MnO2), chitsulo okusayidi lll (Fe2O3), beryllium okusayidi (BeO).

zochita ankaikira oxides amphoteric:

1. oxides Awa akhoza kuchita ndi zidulo amphamvu. Mu mawonekedwe a salt zidulo zomwezi. Zimene mtundu uwu ndi chiwonetsero cha katundu wa mtundu zofunika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo: ZnO (nthaka okusayidi) + H2SO4 (hydrochloric acid) → ZnSO4 (nthaka sulfate) + H2O (madzi).

2. Mu anachita ndi oxides amphamvu alkalis amphoteric, hydroxides kuonetsa katundu acidic. Mu duality izi katundu (i.e., amphoteric) akuwonekera mu mapangidwe salt awiri.

Mu Sungunulani mmene anachitira ndi mchere soda aumbike pafupifupi yachibadwa Mwachitsanzo:
ZnO (nthaka okusayidi) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) → Na2ZnO2 (yachibadwa zikutanthauza mchere) + H2O (madzi).
Al2O3 (aluminiyamu) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) = 2NaAlO2 + H2O (madzi).
2Al (o) 3 (zotayidwa hydroxide) + 3SO3 (okusayidi sulfure) = Al2 (SO4) 3 (zotayidwa sulfate) + 3H2O (madzi).

Yankho amphoteric oxides ndi kulabadira soda kupanga mchere zovuta Mwachitsanzo: Al2O3 (aluminiyamu) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) + 3H2O (madzi) + 2Na (Al (o) 4) (kuipidwa mchere wa tetragidroksoalyuminat ndi sodium).

3. Aliyense zitsulo aliyense okusayidi amphoteric ali ndi chiwerengero kugwirizana. Mwachitsanzo kwa nthaka (Zn) - 4, zotayidwa (Al) - 4 kapena 6, chifukwa chromium (Kr) - 4 (osowa) kapena 6.

4. Amphoteric okusayidi Kodi samva ndi madzi ndipo si kupasuka m'menemo.

Kodi zochita kutsimikizira amphoteric zitsulo?

Ndi kulankhula, mchitidwe amphoteric akhoza kuonetsa katundu wa zitsulo ndi nonmetals. Chotero Mbali khalidwe chili mwa miyambo ya magulu A: Khalani (beryllium), Gamaliyeli (gallium), Ge (germanium), SN (malata), PB, SB (antimony), zina kuti adzipeza (bismuth), ndi ena, komanso ambiri mbali B -groups - ndi Kr (chromium), MN (manganese), Fe (chitsulo), Zn (nthaka), Cd (cadmium), ndipo ena.

Ife tsopano kutsimikizira izi zosiyanasiyana mankhwala amphoteric mankhwala mchitidwe nthaka (Zn):

1. Zn (o) 2 (nthaka hydroxide) + N2O5 (dinitrogen pentoxide) = Zn (NO3) 2 (nthaka nitrate) + H2O (madzi).
ZnO (nthaka okusayidi) + 2HNO3 (asidi nitric) = Zn (NO3) 2 (nthaka nitrate) + H2O (madzi).

b) Zn (o) 2 (nthaka hydroxide) + Na2O (okusayidi ndi sodium) = Na2ZnO2 (sodium wochuluka dioksotsinkat) + H2O (madzi).
ZnO (nthaka okusayidi) + 2NaOH (sodium hydroxide) = Na2ZnO2 (sodium wochuluka dioksotsinkat) + H2O (madzi).

Zikatero, ngati chinthu ndi katundu wapawiri pawiri ali ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni zotsatirazi, wapawiri (amphoteric) katundu kwambiri chimaonekadi zidzachitika wapakatikati makutidwe ndi okosijeni sitepe.

Mwachitsanzo mukhoza Chrome (Kr). mchitidwe uyu ali ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni zotsatirazi limati: 3+, 2+ 6+. Pankhani ya katundu zitatu ndi acidic ali anasonyeza pafupifupi mofanana, pamene Y Kr +2 katundu zofunika ponseponse ndipo mu Kr +6 - acid. Nawa zosiyanasiyana kuti atsimikizire mfundo izi:

Kr + 2 → CrO (chromium okusayidi +2), Kr (o) 2 → CrSO4;
Kr + 3 → Cr2O3 (chromium okusayidi +3), Kr (o) 3 (chromium hydroxide) → KCrO2 kapena chromium sulphate Cr2 (SO4) 3;
Kr + 6 → CrO3 (chromium okusayidi +6), H2CrO4 → K2CrO4.

Nthawi zambiri oxides amphoteric wa zinthu mankhwala makutidwe ndi okosijeni boma +3 kulili pambuyo mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo mukhoza kuzitchula: hydroxide okusayidi Aluminiyamu (mankhwala chilinganizo AlO (o) ndi chitsulo metahydroxide (mankhwala FeO (o) chilinganizo) ...

Kodi oxides amphoteric?

1. Njira yabwino kukonzekera awo ndi mpweya kuchokera ku amadzimadzi njira ntchito hydroxide ammonium, kuti ndi ofooka m'munsi. Mwachitsanzo:
Al (NO3) 3 (zotayidwa nitrate) + 3 (H2OxNH3) (amadzimadzi njira ya amoniya hydrate) = Al (o) 3 (amphoteric okusayidi) + 3NH4NO3 (anachita imagwiridwa pansi kutentha madigiri makumi awiri).
Al (NO3) 3 (zotayidwa nitrate) + 3 (H2OxNH3) (amadzimadzi ammonium hydroxide) = AlO (o) (amphoteric okusayidi) + 3NH4NO3 + H2O (anachita anachita pa 80 ° C)

Mu kuwombola anachita wa mtundu uwu mu nkhani ya owonjezera soda zotayidwa hydroxide sadzakhala precipitate. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zotayidwa akudutsa mu anion chifukwa cha katundu wapawiri: Al (o) 3 (zotayidwa hydroxide) + OH- (owonjezera soda) = [Al (o) 4] - (zotayidwa hydroxide anion).

Zitsanzo za mtundu wa anachita:
Al (NO3) 3 (zotayidwa nitrate) + 4NaOH (owonjezera ndi sodium hydroxide) = 3NaNO3 + Na (Al (o) 4).
ZnSO4 (nthaka sulfate) + 4NaOH (owonjezera ndi sodium hydroxide) = Na2SO4 + Na2 (Zn (o) 4).

Salt amene anapanga pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi zovuta mankhwala. Zikuphatikizapo anions zovuta: (Al (o) 4) - ndi wina (Zn (o) 4) 2-. Kotero ine ndinamuimbira mchere: Na (Al (o) 4) - ndi sodium tetragidroksoalyuminat, Na2 (Zn (o) 4) - ndi sodium tetragidroksotsinkat. mankhwala zimene oxides zotayidwa kapena nthaka ndi soda olimba amatchedwa mosiyana: NaAlO2 - sodium wochuluka dioksoalyuminat ndi Na2ZnO2 - sodium wochuluka dioksotsinkat.