Pacemaker - ndichiyani? Kodi ndi pacemaker? mtengo wa opareshoni

Pacemaker - wochokera kayimidwe mankhwala? Choyamba, ndi kakang'ono amagetsi chipangizo kuti normalizes minofu mtima. Mtima pacemaker amapereka akadakwanitsira chiwerengero cha mabala koyenera kuti moyo wabwinobwino. The chida akhoza kugonjetsa electrophysiological dissociation wa atria ndi ventricles, otchedwa atrioventricular chipika, chotero kukhazika mtima.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Pacemaker - izi ndi physiologist chiyani? Pamene chipangizo ichi angagwiritsidwe ntchito mawu amene amadza pa njira pathological mu dongosolo mtima wa thupi la munthu? Akamatsatira ofooka magetsi nyemba panopa kuthetsa arrhythmias ofufuza ndinkadabwa m'zaka 19 mochedwa. Komabe, kupanda zatsopano kupoletsa magetsi akutumiza mu mtengo sanamvere saloledwa ngakhale anayamba kufufuza malangizo amenewa.

Only mu zoyambirira za m'ma 20, zamaganizo, asayansi kuyamba kuphunzira mmene zikhumbo magetsi ntchito mtima. Mpainiya m'dera limeneli anali Italy wofufuza Luigi Galvani. Kenako Russian physiologists N. E. Vvedensky ndi Yu. M. Chagovets anaphunzira za kuthekera kutsatira ofooka magetsi kumaliseche panopa zochizira matenda ena mtima.

Mu 1927, ndi cardiologist American Albert Hyman analengera woyamba chipangizo zamagetsi-makina dziko akukhalabe kayimbidwe kotani khola la mtima wa munthu. makina kulemedwa magalamu oposa mazana atatu, chipangizo lili pa lamba wapadera ndipo anabisidwa pansi zovala. Komabe, pacemaker anali lizigwira bwino, mu nthawi yochepa wakhala anayambitsa kupanga siriyo.

zotsatira loyamba

Pacemaker - ndi kwa Alberta Haymena, mlengi wa unit ndi anzake pochita zinthu ndi arrhythmia mtima? Choyamba, ichi ndi chinthu choyamba mu njira yaitali kuphunzira njira zamagetsi, zimene zingathe kuyika pa utumiki wa mankhwala.

Othandiza ntchito stimulant Hyman mu zochitika mwadzidzidzi chinachitika mu 1951, pamene pambuyo opaleshoni anakhoza kumupulumutsa wodwala ndi zapamwamba yopingasa mtima chipika ndi arrhythmia nkhani. Komabe, wodwalayo nthawi yaitali m'chipatala, iye sakanakhoza kusuntha momasuka ndi zida mwachilungamo bulky pa thupi ndi Komanso ankafunikira kuwayang'anira nthaŵi zonse ogwira ntchito zachipatala.

Stimulant-analili

World Cardiology Center agwirizana mphamvu kulenga yaying'ono magetsi stimulator, zomwe angaganizire zosaposa magalamu 80. Mu 1958 gulu la asayansi Swedish, motsogoleredwa ndi Dr. Rune Elmqvist kulenga kakang'ono "Siemens-El." Stimulator anamangidwa mu woonda-mipanda nyumba yopangidwa aloyi titaniyamu ndipo akhoza anapatsa pansi pa khungu. Komabe, mowa mphamvu ya kuyambitsa Swedish anali ochepa - batire imapereka zimachitika kwa miyezi 18 okha, pambuyo imene wodwala ndi anakakamizidwa kuti achite opareshoni m'malo magetsi.

Creation a m'banja EKS

Kenako pacemaker - ndichiyani ku mawonedwe mwa odwala okha? Ndithudi, izi ndi kupulumutsiramo chida, amawapatsa moyo odwala mtima akudwala chisokonezo zosiyanasiyana mtima mungoli. Mtima minofu ukugwirira ntchito mu kamvekedwe bwino - ndicho chinsinsi ntchito khola la magazi dongosolo lonse la thupi.

Mu 1960, Soviet academician A. N. Bakulev anatembenukira kwa kutsogolera malo luso la Soviet Union akufuna chilengedwe cha zipangizo za olimba mtima. The bwana anayankha Design Bureau chitukuko zolondola mu luso lopanga, amene anali ndi udindo wa ogwira ntchito chitetezo. Mu nthawi yochepa mayesero luso, ndipo mu December 1961 woyamba Russian zopangidwa pacemaker EKS-2 "udzudzu" bwinobwino anapatsa ndi mavuto wodwalayo wathunthu chipika atrioventricular mtima anakumana zitsanzo EKS zinalengedwa, anachita. Pacemaker "udzudzu" anapangidwa kwa zaka 15, anthu ambiri odwala anapulumutsidwa ndi odalirika chipangizo kakang'ono.

A amaposa amafa chifukwa matenda a mtima ku Soviet Union kunali kutha kwa zaka 50, anayamba kutha. The pacemaker a mtima, zimene amakambirana kwa odwala ambiri anali abwino, mwamsanga zinatchuka.

Yatsopano nthawi zonse bwino, maonekedwe a EKS zoweta bwino. Kumapeto kwa 1962, zitsanzo latsopano, Unduna wa Zaumoyo akulimbikitsidwa kupanga siriyo. Choncho, olengedwa mwa Russia mtima pacemaker, ndemanga pankhani zimene zinali zabwino, iwo anayamba kutulutsa magulu angapo a mbiri zachipatala.

kunja kardiostimulirovanie

Isanafike implantation wa pacemaker analili, wodwalayo alandire thandizo kuyambirira ndi kukhudzana chipangizo kunja ongokhala mbale ziwiri zomwe zili mbali zonse za chifuwa, wina kutsogolo kwa mtima ndi ena pa nsana, pansipa tsamba kumanzere phewa. Apa kudutsa sternum ndi, amachititsa minofu yosalala kutenga mbali zonse, komanso minofu mtima. njira zimenezi zimachititsa kusapeza kwa wodwalayo, koma monga njira zosakhalitsa olimba a kugunda kwa mtima ndi kofunika kwambiri. The sangathe wa njira kunja kukondoweza lili mu choona kuti wodwalayo sayenera sizikugwiridwa, makamaka ngati anakomoka. Khazikitsa pacemaker ntchito momaliziratu, pamafunika palibe maphunziro apadera, zimafunika masabata angapo.

Zosakhalitsa endocardial kukondoweza

Mfundo zotsatira zinthu pa minofu mtima ndi oyamba a kafukufuku elekitirodi mu M'mimbamo mtima. Chifukwa ntchito izi amalenga wosabala ya kondakitala ndi kafukufuku lenilenilo, limene laperekedwa kudzera njira venous mtima. Mapeto a elekitirodi waikidwa mu atrium lamanja, ndi zosiyana ake, proximal mapeto a zogwiritsidwa kunja gwero, amapanga zikhumbo magetsi.

Khazikitsa ndi pacemaker pa maziko kanthawi kawirikawiri ntchito pamene palibe nthawi njira zambiri kwakukulu. Pambuyo normalization wodwalayo mtima akhoza muchokera kwa implantation chipangizo mpaka kalekale.

Monga anapatsa pacemaker okhazikika

Pacemaker ntchito implantation amene ali opaleshoni yaing'ono, lakonzedwa kuti ntchito nthawi yaitali. Implantation nthawi zonse umachitikira pansi mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo. Dongosolo lonse lagawidwa magawo angapo. Choyamba, ang'ambe thupilo wa khungu ndi minofu ndi mtsempha kudzipatula. Ndiye mtima imagwiridwa nambala Napempha kwa maelekitirodi kuti anayikidwa mu zipinda za mtima. Pambuyo oyamba ochititsa ndi afufuze deta onse: tilinazo, AKUYENDA pakhomo, makonzedwe akadakwanitsira ulusi, nyemba conductive. Ndiye fixation wa maelekitirodi kumachitika, kama aumbike kwa pacemaker ndipo anapatsa chipangizo.

Mu zina, m'mimba si mizu yomweyo, nthawi zina pang'ono kukana, koma kutupa msanga zinaleka atamwa mankhwala ochiritsira, ndi mtima akupitiriza kukhala zabwinobwino moyo bwino.

Ntchito yaikulu ya pacemaker ndi

chipangizo ndi pazipangizo kuwonjezekeredwa mu zitsulo nyumba yaying'ono. microprocessor ndi zoyendetsedwa ndi batire cholinga kwa zaka zingapo. Mfundo ntchito EKS m'banja kuti avomere pakalibe chidule zonse minofu mtima wa wodwalayo. pacemaker lakonzedwa kuti zimachitika anatumiza ubongo wake pakompyuta, pafupifupi konse mochedwa - nthawi kusiyana ndi hundredths ochepa a lachiwirilo.

Pa ntchito yachibadwa chipangizo mtima ndi khalidwe kanthu - amatumiza palibe zimachitika. Pali gulu la pacemakers kuti ali ndi luso atengere pafupipafupi. Chonchi Integrated chipangizo sensa, tcheru kusintha ntchito wodwalayo. Ndipotu, kachipangizo mathamangitsidwe, ndi accelerometer, amene amatipatsa kusintha mu magawo ECG ndi mlingo kupuma. Pa zolimbitsa mtima pacemaker amatumiza zikhumbo speeded mmwamba.

The zitsanzo atsopano ECS amatha kusunga deta pa ntchito ya mtima, zimene kenako linanena bungwe kwa polojekiti kapena TV digito kwa kusanthula. Mbali imeneyi zimathandiza dokotala Ndinapereka mulingo woyenera mankhwala mankhwala, komanso kusankha magawo a ntchito pacemaker. Baibulo la zida ayenera kuonedwa kamodzi miyezi sikisi iliyonse. Pacemaker, mtengo wa unsembe umene uli mosavuta kwa munthu ndalama pafupifupi akhoza m'malo ngati n'koyenera.

Transesophageal AKUYENDA

Kwa matenda a zochitika arrhythmia mu dongosolo odwala kuyezetsa ntchito ndi kafukufuku wina. wapadera wochititsa ndi nsonga electrically conductive ndi anaikapo mu kholingo. kafukufuku ndi anaima pa mfundo zokhudzana ndi mitima, kapena nditi atrium kumanzere, ndi kholingo. jenereta, amene akukamba nyemba za pafupipafupi osiyana ndiye anazimitsa pa. Tanthauzo la kafukufuku ndiyo kuzindikira kupezeka kwa matenda a mitima. Palpitations mchikakamizo cha nyemba magetsi tingasonyeze kukana katundu mtima minofu.

Transesophageal AKUYENDA mokwanira chonse, akhoza kuthandiza kuti matenda osiyanasiyana matenda mtima. Nthawi zina TEES kulola mankhwala: kuwombera paroxysmal tachycardia, mmangeni matenda flutter, kuchita kukondoweza zosakhalitsa ndi bradyarrhythmias, limodzi ndi zimachitika infrequent, kuthetsa odwala nkusani syndrome. Ena mwai ndi zotheka ndi zakuya kafukufuku malo kholingo.

Pacemaker: mtengo wa opareshoni

Khazikitsa pacemaker ku Russia akhoza ndalama kuchokera rubles 65 mpaka 650 zikwi. kuchuluka Izi zikuphatikizapo ndalama chipangizo palokha, kuti ndalama implantation ndi postoperative nthawi. Pacemaker lokha mtengo umene anatsimikiza ndi Mlengi, akhoza kukhala ndi anthu otsika (20 chikwi. Pakani.). Kusankha zitsanzo alipo la wodwalayo. Ndi bwino kupeza pacemaker, ndemanga imene makamaka zabwino. Izi makampani chipangizo Medtronic, StJudeMedical, Guidant ndi Biotronic.