Methanol: zotsatira pa thupi la munthu ndi inhalation, thandizo

Poyizoni ndi methanol ndi Mowa ndi ambiri chifukwa cha kulumala ndi imfa. Izi zimachitikira anthu amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudya mowa mmalo ndi osaganizira kusiyana pakati pa iwo. Ndithudi, palibe amene akhoza kukhala otetezeka ku mankhwala osauka khalidwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo, kotero muyenera kudziwa momwe angadziwire poyizoni ndi kuti mu nkhani iyi kutenga.

thupi katundu

Methanol ndi madzi colorless ndi fungo la mowa, mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi. Iwo akhoza wothira solvents organic, monga benzene, acetone, alcohols ena. Pa kukhudzana ndi osakaniza kwayamba kuphulika, madigiri sikisitini Celsius zokwanira poyatsira zinachitika. Mlingo woopsa kwa anthu wochuluka mamililita 100.

kupanga

Mu malonda lonse methanol zingabweretse njira zingapo. Chinthu choyamba analandira pambuyo distillation youma nkhuni limodzi ndi lignin, ndiye pali luso popanga mowa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mchere ndi asidi formic mchikakamizo cha kutentha. Pamene wakhala uneconomic, anaganiza kuti lithe methanol ku dziko ndi tsankho makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa izo. Tsopano Mwaichi, mpweya woipa ndi haidrojeni ndi Kuwonjezera chothandizira mkuwa nthaka.

kuchira

methanol-mankhwala kwambiri amaipitsa malo. Madzi amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kuyeretsedwa kwake ndi distillation, kotero ladzala ndi zinthu zoipa, kuti ngakhale pambuyo mobwerezabwereza kusefera, mpweya ndi kuyeretsa mankhwala adakali zosafunika kwa kumwa. Choncho, pa nthawi ndi chitukuko cha luso methanol kupanga ndi chatsekedwa kuzungulira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti madzi kuti reused, koma osati kuphatikiza monga zinyalala kwachilengedwenso kapena mankhwala. Popeza vuto la madzi abwino pa Dziko Lapansi, kuphunzitsa kupulumutsa wapatali zachilengedwe.

ntchito

Mu malonda lonse methanol ntchito ngati zosungunulira lacquers ndi utoto, monga chuma yaiwisi kwa wotsatira kupanga mankhwala monga gawo lapansi kwa medicaments. Iye ali gawo la zoletsa kuwuma madzimadzi. Ambiri mwa methanol ntchito yopanga formaldehyde monga zowonjezera kwa mafuta, kuwonjezera, izo anawonjezera kuti mafuta magalimoto anagona ndi njinga zamoto.

Makampani ambiri mafutawo ntchito methanol kupanga zonunkhira kwa kukoma kwambiri kulimbikira, koma CIS la ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo pa ufulu wa ogula. Komanso pa mpweya ndi mafuta mankhwala komanso kupeza ntchito methanol. Zingamvekere mchere unayikidwa pa makoma a machubu otentha kuti tilimbikitse chawo.

kagayidwe

Zizindikiro Chitsanzo kuledzera Tingaone mu ola atakhala thunthu, koma anthu ena zizindikiro mwina zimapezeka mpaka tsiku limodzi ndi theka. Izo mofulumira odzipereka mmimba, koma zimapukusidwa mosathamanga kotero kuchotsedwa thupi mkati mwa sabata. Ngati intervals pakati Mlingo wa ang'ono poizoni zingaunjikane. Oposa 70% ya thunthu chimaonetsedwa pa kupuma ndi pafupifupi munthu poizoni kuwola ndinso. Otsala 30% mu chiwindi pambuyo neutralization kusiya thupi ndi mkodzo.

Action wa methanol ndi Mowa mu thupi kuphwanya njira redox, kuchititsa hypoxia ndi acidosis. Izi, mu zingathandize kuti akusowa mavitamini C ndi B1 ndi kuwuka kwa kuledzera. alcohols awa wachinsinsi monga neuro-mtima ndi ziphe protoplasmic.

Zotsatira Mmaso

Ngati Mpweya, ndi kuti ingestion mmene methanol pa masomphenya amakhalabe zoopsa. Kugonjetsedwa kwa mitsempha chamawonedwe ndi diso anati milandu kuledzera pachimake ndi poyizoni aakulu. Pathophysiology amakhulupirira kuti ndi chifukwa mankhwala kagayidwe wa methanol. Iwo kuteteza phosphorylation chokwanira zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni mu diso ndipo m'mbuyo mapangidwe shuga mpweya-free. A kusowa zakudya kudzivulaza limba la masomphenya. Komanso, methanol nthunzi limakhumudwitsa mucous, zikubweretsa kutupa, edema ndi ululu.

Inhalation

fumes poizoni formaldehyde kawirikawiri ali methanol koyera. Action pa thupi la munthu ndi inhalation amapezeka mu mbali ziwiri. Poyamba pakubwera zimene kuyabwa m'dera la mucous ndipo pambuyo mayamwidwe mu m'magazi - zokhudza zonse poyizoni wa thupi. zizindikiro matenda motere. Wozunzidwayo anadandaula a chizungulire, kunyansidwa, kumverera nkhungu pamaso pake chifukwa cha kuledzera kwambiri. Komanso, zikuchepa yafupika zithunzi acuity, ululu ufulu nusu chapamwamba. Chotero poyizoni zambiri aakulu kuposa pachimake, chifukwa cha mkwiyo wamphamvu chapamwamba kupuma thirakiti anthu kuti musayandikire methanol.

Ingestion

Methanol zotsatira oopsa thupi kawirikawiri akuwonetseredwa mu mowa denatured ndi mankhwala ena. Pakuti ngozi anthu ndi khumi Botolo izi "chakumwa", ndi mlingo wa makumi atatu ml ya akhoza chakupha. Komabe, mmodzi akhoza mosiyanasiyana ndi methanol, kuti ntchito kalekale kapena intervals yaitali. Kawirikawiri anthu anati cyanosis (kutembenukira buluu), ndi osowa kwambiri mpweya, nkotheka kupweteka. Kugunda ndi speeded mmwamba, zimene ana kuwala akusowa. Nthawi zambiri, munthu amafa chifukwa kutha kupuma. Ngati munthu amadziwa, iye anadandaula kupweteka m'mimba, n'kuti ntchentche pamaso, mavuto masomphenya. Ngakhale ngati wodwala angathe kupulumuka mu mkhalidwe umenewu, ndi wonongeka chiwindi ndi kale sizingasinthe.

poyizoni aakulu

Pamene anaona kuchepa mu masomphenya mtundu, retinal manja, edema ndi imfa ya mitsempha chamawonedwe imathetsa zimene ophunzira kuti nzothandiza kuwala. Man amatopa msanga, akukumana mutu pa theka lachiwiri la tsiku, pali irritability kwambiri, tearfulness, ndi lability maganizo. Ngati Mpweya kapena kumwa zinthu zayamba mulibe methanol, zotsatira pa thupi la munthu adzakhala osaonekera. Iwo adzaonetsera kuenjezera tinnitus, chimfine pafupipafupi, kutsokomola kwa chosadziwika chifukwa, mutu, zithunzi kuwonongeka.

Mmene methanol pa khungu wakhala insufficiently kuphunzira. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka imodzi ndi inhalation nthunzi, kuti mawonetseredwe zokhudza zonse amachuluka pa m'deralo. Koma nkhani imene zojambulajambula anakhetsa zosungunulira yokha pa zovala ndi nsapato. M'malo kusintha, munthu anapitiriza ntchito. A masiku angapo zitachitika izi, iye anali wakhungu.

choyamba-chithandizo

Choyamba, tiyenera kuchotsa methanol. Action pa thupi la munthu (thandizo loyamba zachokera pathogenesis poyizoni, kotero inu mukhoza kutenga tingadziteteze) ndi chiphe mankhwala kagayidwe kachakudya. Choncho, amene amapereka chithandizo, muyenera kuti akuchedwa kapena kupewa Ndime ya methanol kuti formaldehyde. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kupanga lavage chapamimba ngati wovulalayo ali kuchipatala pa maola awiri oyamba. Plus, ndi kulowetsedwa mtsempha ndi 5% soda (1 lita), ndipo patapita kusamba, m'pofunika komanso kumwa njira (4.2 malita). Kukhalabe mlingo chofunika mphamvu kwa mitsempha chamawonedwe ndi ubongo jekeseni subcutaneously ndi 500 ml ya 5% shuga. Kamodzi pa theka la ola miyeso mwadzidzidzi ayenera kumwa njira munali 5 ga hydroxide ndi sodium. Amasonyezanso mtsempha ndi sodium lactate njira, mpaka malita 4 pa tsiku.

zinthu izi zonse akutsatiridwa ndi ulamuliro paola a misinkhu boma magazi asidi-m'munsi mwa bicarbonate ndi acidity wa mkodzo. M'pofunikanso kuwayang'anira mlingo electrolyte ndi kuchepetsa akamavutika. Kuwunika ntchito za mtima chofunika.

Mowa - mankhwala kuti neutralizes methanol. The kanthu pa thupi la munthu Choncho zikuoneka kuti chiwindi michere adzakhala "wotanganidwa" ochiritsira makutidwe ndi okosijeni Mowa ndi methanol kukhala zikutsatiridwa ndi adzasiya thupi ndi mpweya wotuluka tikamapuma ndi mkodzo. Pamene amadziwika kuti wovulalayo walandira mlingo waukulu wa mowa methyl, nthawi yomweyo kutumikiridwa m'nsinga 5% ethyl mowa njira ya 5% shuga yankho pa mlingo wa 1.5-2 ga mowa pa makilogalamu 1 kulemera wodwala patsiku, zonse kuyan'anila ndende Mowa mu magazi, monga mosavuta kwa mankhwala ingathe kukhala poizoni.

Action methanol ndi zoipa osati kwa ziwalo yomweyo chandamale - amakhudza machitidwe onse a thupi. Choncho, mankhwala symptomatic zikuphatikizapo mankhwala mpweya, CPR, magazi, mankhwala kusintha zakudya za minofu mtima ndi kukhalabe excitability ake ndi contractility. Ngati wodwalayo kusintha kaganizidwe, ndiye wapatsidwa sedative. Zikafika poipa, ndi hemodialysis.

zodzitetezera

Pakali pano, akatswiri chitetezo amalangiza m'malo mafakitale methanol. Zimakhudzanso thupi mankhwala kuposa dzuwa la ntchito. Pali njira ina mu mawonekedwe a ethyl mowa, kupanga alcohols. Mu malo oopsa kwambiri, makamaka akulimbikitsidwa kuvala masks mpweya.

Action methanol pa munthu, monga momwe mukuonera, negative. Pofuna kuteteza anthu ku kukhudzana zosafunika ndi mankhwala ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa olemba yeniyeni muli munali ndi mabuku poyera, monga lacquers, penti ndi solvents awo. Mapaipi ndi methanol kuti utoto mtundu yoyenera, kuchenjeza antchito nyumba ndi ntchito limodzi, chifukwa si poizoni komanso zachiwawa, makamaka pafupi mawaya mkulu voteji kapena mipope gasi, zimene zimachizidwa kapena kuikidwa pamodzi.

Pomaliza Ndikufuna kuti awafike pamtima anthu amene, ngakhale onse, nthawi zonse amagwiritsa methanol: zotsatira pa thupi la munthu, iye ali ndi yomweyo ndipo pang'onopang'ono, ndipo palibe chitsimikizo kuti ngati inu kupewa poizoni patsogolo, izo sizingagwire nanu m'tsogolo. Samalani ndi kuwerenga zolemba mosamala!