Perekani - ndi chiyani ichi? Kodi sintha izo?

mbali zambiri za chilengedwe zithunzi anthu amakono lero analengedwa ntchito kompyuta zithunzi mapulogalamu. Popanda zowonera anapanga 3D-ojambula zithunzi, sangachite chilichonse mapulani kapena kamangidwe situdiyo kapena opanga masewera a pakompyuta. Sayansi ya kulenga zithunzi zimenezo - photorealistic kapena simulating njira zosiyanasiyana luso - tichipeza zinthu zingapo ndondomeko. Perekani - ndi zofunika kwambiri a iwo, mbali yomaliza, imene ndiyo chifukwa komaliza.

Origin akuti

mawu "amachita" (kapena "kutembenuza") ndi, monga kwambiri kugwirizana ndi umisiri IP ofotokoza kuchokera m'Chichewa. Amachokera kwa Old French rendre, kutanthauza "kuchita", "ndi", "kumbuyo", "kumbuyo". Mizu mwakuya mneni amabwerera Latin akale: kukonzanso - manambala oyambirira kutanthauza "kumbuyo" ndipo angayerekeze - "kupereka".

Choncho - mmodzi wa matanthauzo ano akuti. Perekani - uno kuphatikizapo ndondomeko yomanga fano planar zochokera atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena chitsanzo kuti lili ndi mfundo za thupi katundu wa chinthu - kake, kapangidwe pamwamba, kuunikira ndi zina zotero.

Perekani ndi zowonera

Anapita pansi mu lotanthauzira anthu amene mwaukadaulo chinkhoswe mu njira zamakono digito kulenga zithunzi, mawu ochuluka ntchito mu ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Perekani wokonzeka amamasulira kufunsa Mwachitsanzo, pamene kulamula mipando - chinthu osakwatira kapena vuto la chipinda, ndi kamangidwe ka mkati kapena mamasulidwewo lonse la nyumbayo - izi ndi imodzi mwa njira waukulu kuuza kasitomala tanthauzo la wamanga kapena malingaliro mlengi wa.

Pali n'chimodzimodzi, ofanana tanthauzo ndi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito malo zachilendo, ngakhale zambiri wolemera - zowonera. Mwa akatswiri zithunzi mapulani kapena Masewero kompyuta lero anaganiza kuti specialization chopapatiza; pali anthu amene tikugwira mawerengeredwe - polenga zinthu atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena ndi anthu amene kumasulira kwa kumaliza kwa powonekera - amaika kuunikira, kusankha maganizo, amakhala, ndiyeno nkuyamba pulogalamu mamasulidwewo.

chimatanthauza

Liwu limeneli lili ndi matanthauzo ambiri:

• Perekani kapena akuti - otembenuza ndondomeko apeza luso kapena zaluso planar bitmap chithunzi potengera zitsanzo atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena digito analengedwa ntchito phukusi mapulogalamu - blender, 3D Max, Cinema, Maya neri Al.
• Perekani - Ndipotu, chifukwa cha njira zoterozo - ndi raster image, kujambula, komanso otchulidwa fano ndi mapangidwe mu masewera a pakompyuta kapena mavidiyo trideshnikami ntchito yopanga mafilimu - labwinobwino kapena mosangalala.
• Perekani kapena renderer - wotchedwa mapulogalamu, njira imene pali kusintha kwa 3D-zitsanzo pa chithunzichi. ntchito akhoza inamangidwa mu phukusi zithunzi kapena ntchito monga ntchito zosiyana: RenderMan, Mental Ray, V-ray, kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga, Brasil, Maxwell, FinalRender, Fryrender, Modo ndi ena ambiri. Limamasulira, komanso chilichonse chokhudzana ndi luso digito, zonse zatsopano. Iwo ma aligorivimu osiyana ntchito kuchepetsa deta ya maonekedwe a zanyengo ndi malo awo. Pa maziko awo lonse mamasuliridwe dongosolo, amakulolani kulenga zipangizo zanu, nyali, makamera, ndi zina zotero N..

Mitundu kubwezerana: Intaneti ndi prerendering

Pali mitundu iwiri yaikulu ya mawu akuti malingana liwiro limene lizisunga kupeza yomalizidwa fano. Choyamba - zenizeni nthawi Popereka chofunika mu zokambirana tchati, makamaka a pakompyuta. Apa tiyenera mofulumira amamasulira, fano ayenera kuwonetsedwa yomweyo, zochuluka kwambiri za zochitika kuchita masamu pasadakhale ndi kusungidwa mu mawonekedwe a deta payekha. Awa ndi mawonekedwe kuti chimatanthauza maonekedwe a zinthu ndi kuyatsa. Mapulogalamu ntchito Intaneti akuti ntchito makamaka chuma zithunzi khadi ndi kukumbukira kompyuta, ndi mmene wamng'ono - ndi purosesa.

Adzayankha zithunzi zina zowoneka, komanso kumene nkhani sikukudziwika kotero zogwirizana kukhala yofunika kwambiri kuposa khalidwe la kuguwa, ndi njira zina ntchito adzayankha mwambowu. Pankhaniyi, mphamvu zonse za mapurosesa Mipikisano pachimake, anasonyeza apamwamba kusamvana options, mawonekedwe, kuunikira deta kuchepetsa. Nthawi zambiri ntchito ndi postprocessing akuti amene amalola digiri yapamwamba ya photorealism kapena anakhumba zotsatira luso.

Njira kumupatsira powonekera

Kusankha njira chifukwa yokonza chithunzi chimadalira pa vuto linalake ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi zokonda ndi zinachitikira visualizer lapansi. Mukhale atsopano ndi nzeru dongosolo mamasuliridwe - kapena apadera kwambiri kapena chilengedwe. Lero, pa mtima ambiri mapulogalamu renderer zachokera njira zitatu zowerengera:

• Rasterization (Scanline) - njira imene fano analenga miscalculation osati munthu madontho, pixels, ndipo lonse nkhope, polygons ndi pamalo a m'madera ambiri. Mawonekedwe liwulo katundu chinthu ngati kuwala powonekera, monga momwe zalembedwera mu deta sichinasinthe. Chithunzi chifukwa nthawi zambiri susonyeza kaonedwe ka kusintha chiwalitsiro, mozama za kuthengo , ndi zina zotero. D. Nthawi zambiri ntchito adzayankha zithunzi masewera ndi kachitidwe mu videoprodakshene.
• Ray Kufufuza (Raytracing) - sayansi powonekera masamu pamaziko a kunyezimira wochokera pafupifupi kamera mandala aliyense mtengo ndi kusanthula mogwirizana ndi zinthu ndi kumachitika mu powonekera. Malinga ndi kuchuluka ndi khalidwe la "kha" simulates chinyezimiro kapena refraction kuwala, mtundu, machulukitsidwe ndi zina zotero. D. kusonyeza chithunzi chifukwa poyerekeza rasterization ndi apamwamba kwambiri, koma Kuzindikira ake kulipira chinawonjezeka mowa chuma.
• Mawerengedwe a kuwala anasonyeza (Radiosity) - mfundo iliyonse chithunzi mapikiselo wapatsidwa mtundu kuti zimadalira pa kamera. Iwo zimakhudza magwero padziko lonse ndipo m'deralo kuwala ndi malo. Njira imeneyi imagwira amalola mawerengedwe a kuoneka pa chitsanzo pamwamba ndi mtundu wa mawunikidwe kuwala kochokera ku nyenyezi pafupi.

Khalani limasonyeza kuti zotsogola ndi otchuka mamasuliridwe dongosolo amagwiritsa osakaniza kapena njira yaikulu. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti pazipita chithunzi-Kuzindikira ndi lodalirika pa sanjira wa njira thupi mu zochitika anapatsidwa.

zinayendera mamasuliridwe

Ngakhale kuti njira zamakono mu zithunzi computer, amakonda kuonetsetsa kuti adzayankha gawo osiyana, zimene zimaphatikizapo kudziŵa apadera ndi luso Ndipotu, ndi limodzi pa ndondomeko yonse yokonza zowonera lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito mkati mamasuliridwe kudzadalira mtundu zipangizo ntchito, ndipo aliyense dongosolo kulingalira za aligorivimu simulating kapangidwe ndi pamwamba kapangidwe.

N'chimodzimodzinso ndi njira powonekera kuyatsa. Atakhala zachilengedwe ndi yokumba kuwala, ndi katundu wa dontho mthunzi yake, bongo, mphamvu, kudziletsa chiwalitsiro zotsatira - sitepe yotsatira mu kupanga powonekera zowonera. Kodi kukhazikitsa ndi aipereke zimadalira mapulogalamu ntchito ndi ntchito dongosolo. Aliyense phukusi ndi pulogalamu-visualizer ali subtleties ake ndi mfundo zina zabwino.

Mwachitsanzo, kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga Renderer ali zoikamo chosinthika mwachindunji pa kuli chithunzi komaliza. mphamvu nyali zikhoza kusintha online, kusintha mtundu, sharpness.

Post-processing zotsatira amamasulira

Ntchito yeniyeni m'pomveka ntchito njira kulingalira wapadera. zomangamanga amafuna njira zina akuti kuposa ndi fanizo luso. Perekani kunja, mwachitsanzo, amafunika chithunzicho cholowa zithunzi phukusi ntchito zithunzi bitmap, wotchuka kwambiri amene - Adobe Photoshop. Ndipo si nthawi zonse kuchita kuti kumapangitsanso photorealism. zinthu zilili pa Kutengera komanso kamangidwe potsanzira dzanja zojambula - watercolor, gouache, inki zojambula, etc ...

Apamwamba mamasuliridwe postprocessing zambiri akuyamba ndi kusankha kufunika file mtundu, opangidwa pambuyo pa mapeto a pulogalamuyi. Anatenga fano komaliza kusunga zigawo, kupalasa njinga njira mtundu payekha. Izi zimathandiza kuti iyende mkulu kuchepetsa zigawo zonse chithunzithunzi chonse, pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu kolowera olondola ndi wosaoneka.

Perekani ndi ntchito dongosolo

Kuchita Mkhalidwe zowonera kumadalira osati kokha pa ndondomeko mapulogalamu. Pa mzere pansi zimakhudza mphamvu ntchito ndi "chitsulo". Makamaka chinthu ichi amakhudza liwiro la - zina zovuta zochitika analimasulira masiku angapo, ngati kompyuta alibe RAM zokwanira kapena purosesa ali ndi zokolola otsika.

Kodi mofulumira otembenuza ndi kusintha chifukwa komaliza, ngati chuma zikusoŵa? Mukhoza kusintha zoikamo pulogalamu, kana kuti mosachita chigamulochi mawonekedwe zakuthupi ndi kumalizitsa fano ndi kusintha magawo a mindandanda yamasewera kuti kuwala ndi mthunzi kubera madera akuluakulu, popanda mwatsatanetsatane zimabwezera zotero. D. Ngati muli Intaneti, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mtanda renderer, pamene kuchepetsa deta chithunzi mphamvu nawo makompyuta ena.

Perekani munda

Today n'zotheka ntchito mphamvu ya kutali masango a pakompyuta amene amapereka zithandizo owona 3D-mtanda processing. Dongosolo mkulu-ntchito kuti akhoza kwa kanthawi kochepa udzakhalire zithunzi zovuta kwambiri ndi kwambiri. Kupirira zovuta zilizonse zithunzi ngakhale kulenga kanema owona za nthawi yaitali.

Lumikizanani WOPEREKA zithandizozi, mndandanda wa zomwe nthaŵi zonse pa Intaneti, anagwirizana mtengo wapamwamba zinthu kukonzekera, inu angapulumutse kwambiri pa liwiro ndi kukwaniritsa mlingo zinafunika wa khalidwe la fano komaliza. Pa kutaya makampani izi ziri kwa zikwi zingapo mapurosesa ndi mazana a terabytes wa RAM. Perekani munda linaŵerengera mtengo wa ntchito, zochokera buku la file gwero ndi nthawi kuchitila zowonera. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa munthu chimango 1920x1080, kumupatsira pa zida muyezo omwe amafunika maola 3 100 rubles. Powonekera kuchita masamu kwa mphindi 8.

mwanzeru

Yankho la funso za momwe mungachitire kumasulira kwa mawonekedwe aang'ono ndi yosavuta chinthu kapena olemera zithunzi zotsatira makanema ojambula ulaliki wa m'mudzi kanyumba, zikusonyeza njira ina. Pankhani ya ntchito osadalira pa ntchito zimenezi n'kofunika kuti bwino kusankha mapulogalamu ndi kuonetsetsa mphamvu zokwanira zida kompyuta. Mulimonsemo, gawo lotsiriza la ntchito - mamasuliridwe - akudalira ngati muli okhutitsidwa ndi zotsatira zake zomalizira.