Pirke mayeso: kuwerenga, kuwunika

TB - ndithu wamba nthenda kuti angapezeke pafupifupi kulikonse pa dziko lapansi. matenda angayambe chifukwa ingestion mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana kapena Bacillus Koch a. matenda zambiri kudzera mwa m'malovu airborne ndipo ali ndi zizindikiro waukulu, akuti:

• chizungulire;
• yonyowa chifuwa;
• kutsokomola magazi;
• kufooka;
• malungo;
• mwachisawawa kuwonda;
• usiku Thukuta.

Tuberculin chiyani contraindicated pamaso pa matenda osiyanasiyana khungu, thupi lawo siligwirizana, mphumu, khunyu, matenda opatsirana. Sizipanga nyemba ndi kwa mwezi umodzi pambuyo jekeseni immunoglobulin kapena nyemba kwachilengedwenso.

Kupeza Vuto TB

Magwero a mphamvu, amene kuonongeka ndi chifuwa chachikulu - ndi kuwala. ziwalo zina za m'kati zowawa yosowa kwambiri matenda. N'zotheka oterewa TB ntchito fluoroscopy, CT (yopangidwa Tomography), X-ray, tuberculin khungu mayeso (Pirquet zofufuza) ndi zina mayesero zasayansi. Kuti matenda katemera ikuchitika kamodzi pa chaka cha matenda.

ndi anachita chigamba kuyezetsa chiyani?

Imodzi mwa njira kufufuza njira pa ana TB ndi Pirke nyemba. Mayeso immunological angasonyeze ngati pali kukula chamoyo, ngakhale mu magawo oyambirira matenda TB. Pothirirapo kuoneka zimene tuberculin otchedwa Pirke, ndipo imalongosola chiwopsezo thupi Mycobacterium TB. Pirke chitsanzo anapanga ndi wodwala kale wamkulu msinkhu monga kusanthula kulamulira mu mumayesto mphamvu ya mankhwala.

zikuchokera chitsanzo

The zikuchokera chitsanzo akulowa tuberculin - ndi Tingafinye wapadera kwa anawononga oyambitsa Koch, anatulukira kumbuyo mu 1890 ndi German dokotala Robert Koch. Ndi dokotala uyu anali anatulukira matenda monga TB. Nyumba ntchito kuyambira mu 1907. Poyamba, lubricates khungu ndipo penyani anachita, ndipo pambuyo tuberculin anayamba kuyesa zimene tikubweretsazi subcutaneously.

Today Pirke nyemba amene zikuchokera zikuphatikizapo chisakanizo cha kupha mycobacteria chikhalidwe filtrate mitundu anthu ndi Bovine, pali zambiri anthu a misinkhu yosiyanasiyana. Kuwonjezera pa yogwira mankhwala pachimake - tuberculin Pirquet chitsanzo zikuphatikizapo zinthu zina zina:

• salt a mankwala gawo lotetezedwa yankho ;
• sodium kolorayidi.

Kodi zimenezi zimachitika?

Mfundo ntchito chitsanzo amene zikuchokera zachokera tuberculin, ndi ntchito cutaneous mankhwala. Khungu la mkono kapena phewa bwino kupopera mankhwala okha karboliki asidi, chifukwa mankhwala mowa anasiya pa mapuloteni khungu, amene ndi osafunika kwa kusanthula chiyero. The amacheka anapanga pakhungu ntchito pricking akuya osapitirira 5 mm. Wodwalayo angafunike kudikira mpaka mphindi 5 mpaka njira ali odzipereka ndi yotsala mokoma misozi ndi chopukutira pepala. Pambuyo ndondomeko, chounikira mtima imachitika kwa maola 48 ndi kusanthula kwa wothandizila anachita.

Chifukwa cha tuberculin mu malo zikande ukapezeka kutupa yeniyeni (papule) amene amayamba ndi kudzikundikira T-lymphocytes. Ndi maselo amenewa magazi ali ndi udindo TB chitetezo chokwanira. Khungu akhoza kusintha mtundu ndi kachulukidwe mu papules lapansi. Njira matenda ntchito kawirikawiri chifukwa cha otsika zambiri wokhutira ndi otsika Mwachangu matenda. osavomerezeka pambuyo pa mlandu ndi pamaso zotsatira zinalengedwa:

• zilowerere malo kumene chitsanzo anatengedwa;
• misozi papule mankhwala osiyanasiyana kapena mafuta;
• papule kusindikiza pulasitala;
• chipeso kapena kuichotsa.

zotsatira

Pafupifupi pamene mayeso Pirke, kufufuza zotsatira ikuchitika pambuyo masiku 2-3, mwachitsanzo 48-72 maola. Pa kumene zimakhalapo, panali cholinga cha mkwiyo anapanga. malo ake anayeza madokotala. Zotsatira anawagawira pamene nyemba Pirquet:

• mlingo anati kwa osachepera amalimbikitsa metering papules (pafupifupi 5 mm);
• chithunzi 3 mamilimita zikusonyeza kufunika kukonzanso katemera ndi kukonzanso kukondoweza chifukwa zofufuza;
• akapezeka papule kuyambira kukula 4 10 mm, izo ndiye kuti matenda ndi TB kapena munthu mu gulu chiopsezo (ie okhazikika kukhala mu kukhudzana ndi munthu amene ali);
• Ngati malo mkwiyo ali miyeso ku mamilimita 10 15 kapena zilonda pa malo a katemera, chizindikiro ichi lingaliro Mwina mkulu wa matenda TB.

maphunziro mayesero

Mtundu wa kuphunzira ndi bwino ndi cutaneous ntchito mankhwala kudzera zimakhalapo angapo. Mosiyana ndi Baibulo chikhalidwe phunziro, magaziwo lokhoza kudziwa masiyanidwe matenda phindu mu njira kudziwa chikhalidwe cha ziwengo kuti tuberculin. Khungu kuyezetsa imagwiridwa ndi kutsatira khungu tuberculin ndi 100%, 25%, 5% ndi 1% ndende. Kukonzekera kwa khungu ikuchitika monga momwe chikhalidwe likhale Pirke nyemba. The amacheka chagwiritsidwa mosamalitsa kuti, ndipo nthawi yomweyo pali zosiyanasiyana, n'kuchiumba pipette. Kwa wodwala aliyense ntchito zipangizo okha wosabala. Pambuyo kuoneka "mpukutu woyera" mukhoza kuchotsa mbali zotsala za tuberculin lapansi. Mtundu wa matenda nthawi zambiri ikuchitika kuti aone mphamvu ya mankhwala a chifuwa chachikulu.

Zotsatira zake zimakhala lokhoza chitsanzo

Khungu kuyezetsa maphunziro Grinchara Karpilovskaya ndipo ayesedwa pambuyo maola 48-72 pambuyo ndondomeko. Kusiyanitsa maganizo kwa woipa zosiyanasiyana tuberculin:

• anergic anachita (palibe angachitire chitsanzo);
• nonspecific anachita (likhoza kusunga redness pang'ono chitsanzo ndi 100% ambiri njira) ;
• normergicheskaya anachita (zolimbitsa kuona mmene wa chamoyo kuti tuberculin ndi poyankha chitsanzo ndi 5% ndi 1% njira ya si sakupezeka);
• hyperergic anachita (chotsatira amakhala ndi kuvomera kwa mitundu yonse ya zitsanzo, ndi apamwamba ndende ya yankho tuberculin, zazikulu response);
• zokwanira mtundu anachita (anapanga zitsanzo zonse ndi papules chomwecho, mitundu khungu ndi makulidwe a foci kutupa);
• paradoxical anachita (pa ndende apamwamba mu nyemba tuberculin anati yapadera kwambiri anachita).

Choncho, takambirana njira matenda monga Pirke nyemba. Zotsatira izo salankhulanso za kutanthauzira kwa matenda m'thupi, kapena mphamvu munthu kuwononga athanzi. Iye Likuonetseranso amadana ndi nthumwi causative TB. Pirke nyemba (Mantoux mayeso - njira yake) imatengedwa kuvomerezedwa mwana.