Polycythemia - polycythemia ndi ...: Zizindikiro ndi Chithandizo

Polycythemia - matenda imene zili ukuwonjezeka maselo ofiira (maselo ofiira) m'magazi. Komanso, pamene chotero kudwala mu 70% odwala zimasiyanasiyana chiwerengero cha othandiza magazi kuundana ndi leukocytes mu njira chachikulu.

matenda alibe kufala mkulu - pachaka pa miliyoni anthu kulembetsa zosaposa nthawi zisanu. Nthawi zambiri matenda akufotokozera polycythemia wazaka zapakati ndi anthu okalamba. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, ndi amuna amavutika matenda ndi kasanu zambiri kuposa akazi. Lero, tione mkhalidwe monga polycythemia, zizindikiro ndi mankhwala a matenda ali pansipa.

Zimayambitsa matenda

Polycythemia - matenda sanali zilonda. Pakali pano, chifukwa chenicheni cha matenda sakudziwika. Akukhulupirira kuti chitukuko cha matenda amayamba ndi masinthidwe yeniyeni mafuta enzyme fupa. kusintha chibadwa kuyambitsa magawano zimabwezera kukula kwa maselo a magazi, makamaka maselo ofiira.

gulu la matenda

magulu awiri a matenda:

• Polycythemia vera kapena matenda Vakeza, amene nawonso ogaŵikana chachikulu ndi (i.e., amachita monga matenda wodziimira) ndi sekondale (sekondale polycythemia akufotokozera chifukwa matenda aakulu m'mapapo, zotupa, hydronephrosis, pa kukweza msinkhu).

• Wachibale polycythemia (nkhawa kapena zabodza) - ngati boma ndi mlingo wa maselo ofiira mu osiyanasiyana yachibadwa.

Polycythemia: zizindikiro za matenda

Nthawi zambiri, matenda ndi asymptomatic. Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha kafukufuku pa zifukwa zosiyana kwambiri kungakhale mwangozi anaulula polycythemia. Zizindikiro, amene ayenera kulabadira, kuyang'ana pa lotsatira.

Kukula kwa mitsempha subcutaneous

Pamene polycythemia pa khungu, nthawi zambiri mu khosi, dilated subcutaneous mitsempha kusonyeza kupyolera. Ndi matenda a khungu amakhala utoto chitumbuwa mtundu, makamaka noticeable m'madera lotsegula la thupi - khosi, mikono, nkhope. Nembanemba mucous milomo ndi lilime bluish-wofiira mtundu, azungu cha maso ankaoneka bloodshot.

Izo zimayambitsa kusintha magazi zikusefukira wolemera erythrocytes, onse padziko ziwiya ndi liwiro ake rheological katundu (liwiro kuyenda), inatuluka waukulu mbali ya hemoglobin (wofiira pigment) anakhala wotsikirapo mawonekedwe (i.e., amaloŵamo mankhwala kusintha) ndi kusintha mtundu.

kuyabwa

Pafupifupi theka la odwala matenda polycythemia, pali kuyabwa amphamvu, zimaonekera makamaka atakhala osamba ofunda. zodabwitsazi akutumikira monga khalidwe enieni polycythemia vera. Itch kumachitika chifukwa kumasula a yogwira m'magazi, makamaka histamine, okhoza kukuza capillaries khungu, zikubweretsa kuchuluka magazi mwa iwo, ndipo maonekedwe a zomverera yeniyeni.

Eritromelalagiya

Izi chodabwitsa amakhala ndi wamphamvu yochepa ululu mu mosavuta. Amakwiya kuchuluka kwawo ku maselo othandiza magazi kuundana ziwiya ka manja, chifukwa mu mapangidwe microthrombuses ambiri, plugging arterioles ndi midadada otaya magazi kwa zimakhala za zala. zizindikiro kunja chikhalidwe ichi ndi redness ndi maonekedwe pa khungu bluish mawanga. Chifukwa cha popewa thrombosis analimbikitsa aspirin.

Splenomegaly (kukulitsa a ndulu)

Kuwonjezera ndulu, chiwindi, ndi zikhoza kusintha, kapena m'malo kukula kwake. Matupi awa amagwira ntchito mapangidwe ndi kuwonongedwa kwa maselo a magazi. Kuwonjezera ndende ya amatsogolera masika ndi kuwonjezeka mu kukula kwa chiwindi ndi ndulu.

zilonda mmatumbo ndi m'mimba

Chotero chowawa kudwala opaleshoni akufotokozera chifukwa yaing'ono thrombosis chotengera m'mimba thirakiti mucous nembanemba. The chifukwa cha pachimake matenda magazi ndi necrosis (necrosis) Thupi khoma gawo ndi kupanga pa malo ake a chilonda cha. Komanso, amachepetsa zoipa m'mimba mwa H. pylori (a bakiteriya kuchititsa gastritis ndi zilonda).

Magazi kuundana mu lalikulu ziwiya

Kodi sitichedwa matenda mitsempha wa malekezero a m'munsi. Thrombi, akuthawa ku khoma chotengera akhoza, anyalanyaza mtima, kudutsa mu amayendera m'mapapo (m'mapapo) ndi chifukwa embolism m'mapapo mwanga (embolism m'mapapo mwanga) - chikhalidwe atakwatirana ndi moyo.

magazi m'kamwa

Ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha othandiza magazi kuundana kusintha magazi zotumphukira ndi kuonjezera coagulation ake, ndi polycythemia kumachitika magazi gingival.

gout

Misinkhu apamwamba salt uric asidi zace ali waikamo mwa mfundo zosiyanasiyana ndipo imautsa kupweteka kwambiri.

• Ululu nthambi. Izi chizindikiro umawononga mwendo mitsempha, kuchepetsa iwo ndi, monga chotsatira, osauka makope. kudwala limeneli limatchedwa "occlusive matenda"
• Ululu lathyathyathya mafupa. Kuchuluka mafupa ntchito (chitukuko danga la maselo a m'magazi) kumapangitsa tilinazo mafupa lathyathyathya nkhawa makina.

The kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe ambiri a chamoyo

Mu matenda monga polycythemia, zizindikiro zikhoza kukhala zofanana ndi zizindikiro za matenda ena (mwachitsanzo, magazi m'thupi): litsipa, kutopa nthawi zonse, tinnitus, vertigo, zikuthwanima "kumva kulasalasa" pamaso pa, kufupika kwa mpweya, magazi kumutu. Chodziwa magazi kukhuthala katundu imayendetsa compensatory anachita ziwiya, chifukwa pali kuwonjezeka magazi kuthamanga. Pamene matenda kawirikawiri ndi mavuto monga matenda a mtima ndi mikrokardioskleroza (m'malo minofu minofu ya mtima connective kudzazidwa chilema, koma sachita ntchito koyenera).

diagnostics

Polycythemia kuwulula zotsatira za kuwunika ambiri a magazi, amene anapezeka:

• ambiri a maselo ofiira ku 6,5 kuti 7,5 • 10 ^ 12 / l;

• misinkhu apamwamba hemoglobin - 240 g / L;

• buku okwana maselo a magazi (OOE) kuposa 52%.

Popeza chiwerengero maselo a magazi sangakhoze kuchita masamu pa maziko a makhalidwe pamwamba muyeso, ntchito kuyeza matenda radionuclide. Ngati misa maselo a magazi ndi wamkulu kuposa 36 ml ya / kg pa amuna ndi 32 ml ya / kg pa akazi, molondola akusonyeza pamaso pa matenda Vakeza.

Pamene polycythemia anapitiriza kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe maselo a magazi, ie iwo sasintha mawonekedwe zawo ndi kukula. Komabe, ndi chitukuko cha magazi chifukwa magazi ochuluka kapena pafupipafupi bleedings anati microcytosis (yafupika maselo ofiira).

Polycythemia: chithandizo

Good achire zotsatira ali magazi m'mitsempha. Yovomereza mlungu kuchotsa 200-300 ml ya magazi bola ngati mlingo wa OOE sangagwere pa mtengo wolakalakika. Ngati pali contraindications kwa magazi m'mitsempha, kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa maselo ofiira a magazi kudzera dilution magazi powonjezera gawo madzi (njira macromolecular ndi kutumikiridwa m'nsinga).

Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti nthawi zambiri magazi kumayambitsa chitukuko cha chitsulo akusowa magazi m'thupi limene pali lolingana zizindikiro ndi kuwonjezeka mu kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi kuwerengedwa.

Ndi matenda monga polycythemia, chithandizo amafuna kugwilizana ndi zakudya zina. Ndi bwino kuchepetsa kudya nyama ndi nsomba katundu, ngati iwo ali mkulu kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, kumapangitsa ntchito ya magazi. Muyenera kupereka losakanizika ndi mafuta, zakudya. Mafuta kumathandiza kuti chitukuko cha atherosclerosis, kuchititsa thrombi, zomwe lalikulu zedi komanso amene aumbike mwa anthu akuvutika polycythemia.

Ndi matenda, Ndi bwino kupereka mmalo mkaka ndi zomera mankhwala ndi kuchepetsa zolimbitsa thupi.

Komanso, ngati amawapeza "polycythemia", chithandizo angakhale monga mankhwala amphamvu. Kuziyika izo pa thrombocytosis yapamwamba ndi kuyabwa kwambiri. Childs, ndi "cytoreductive wothandizila" (mankhwala "Hydroxycarbamide").

Mpaka posachedwapa, pofuna kubisa mafupa jekeseni wa isotopes nyukiliya ntchito (amangoona, phosphorous-32). Lero, ndi zambiri amakana zimenezi, chifukwa cha mlingo mkulu kusinthika leukemic.

Therapy mulinso jekeseni wa interferon zochizira thrombocytosis sekondale ntchito mankhwala "Anagrelide".

Mu matenda sikawirikawiri anachita mafupa kupatsidwa zina, kuyambira polycythemia - matenda kuti si oopsa, anapereka, ndithudi, chithandizo chokwanira ndi kuwunika zonse.

Polycythemia mu akhanda

Polycythemia - ndi kudwala, zizindikiro za amene angapezeke mu akhanda. Matendawa ayankhe thupi kwa anasamutsidwa nyenyeswa hypoxia, chimene chingalowe imfayo placental insufficiency. mwana thupi zolondola hypoxia Ayamba lithe lalikulu nambala ya maselo ofiira.

Kuwonjezera wa kupuma wabwino, wakhanda akhoza kukhala ndi polycythemia vera. mavuto oterowo makamaka kwambiri poyera mapasa.

Polycythemia mu akhanda akufotokozera mu masabata oyambirira angapo a moyo, ndi mawonetseredwe loyamba kuwonjezeka hematocrit (60%) ndiponso kuchuluka kwa madzi a hemoglobin.

Neonatal polycythemia otaya ali magawo angapo: koyamba, sitepe poliferatsii ndiponso kutopa. Masulirani mwachidule iwo.

Siteji yoyamba ya matenda ali pafupifupi palibe mawonetseredwe aliyense matenda. Polycythemia kuwulula mwana uyu gawo ili Zimatheka ndi maphunziro a zotumphukira magazi: hematocrit, hemoglobin ndi maselo ofiira.

Pa sitepe poliferatsii akufotokozera ndi chiwindi ndi ndulu zikuluzikulu. Pletoricheskie anaona zinthu zodabwitsa: khungu tikhale ndi khalidwe "pletoricheski wofiira" hue, mwana limasonyeza nkhawa pamene anakhudza khungu. Pletorichesky syndrome lowonjezera thrombosis. The kusanthula kusintha anaona chiwerengero cha maselo ofiira, maselo othandiza magazi kuundana ndi kusintha leukocyte. Indicators maselo magazi komanso zochuluka, chotero chodabwitsa amatchedwa "panmieloza".

Gawo wakuta amakhala ndi imfa ndithu kulemera, asthenia ndiponso kutopa.

Pakuti wakhanda ngati kusintha matenda ali wolemera kwambiri ndipo mwina hule inasinthiratu ndi imfa wotsatira. Polycythemia kungakhale siudzalandilidwa ngathi lamulo kukhala ndi mtundu wina wa maselo oyera amene ali ndi udindo chitetezo cha thupi. Motero, khanda tizilonda choopsa cha chikhalidwe bakiteriya, zikubweretsa pamapeto pake imfa.

Nditawerenga nkhani imeneyi, mudzaphunzira zambiri za matenda monga polycythemia. Zizindikiro ndi mankhwala ankawaona ife zambiri mwatsatanetsatane mmene angathere. Tikukhulupirira mfundo watipatsa kukhala zothandiza inu. Dzisamalire ndi kukhala wathanzi!