PPM - izi ndi zingati? ndi mlingo kololeka mowa mu magazi m'madera pa miliyoni chiyani?

PPM - unit kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mowa magazi. Wina unit wa ppm ndi masauzande a zinthu kuchokera chakhumi peresenti madzi. Pali kusiyana kwambiri pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi mwa chizindikiritso cha chizindikiro. PPM - izi ndi zingati? Funso limeneli ndi lofunika kwa ambiri.

Kuzindikiritsidwa ndi mawerengedwe

Lowani ppm motere - ‰. Nthawi kusokonezedwa ndi chizindikiro peresenti, lomwe ndi kulakwitsa.

• 1 ‰ = 0,1% = 1/1000 = 0,001.
• 100 ‰ = 10% = 0.1.
• 200 ‰ = 200/1000 = 20% = 0.2.

Patatha mphindi 30 pambuyo ingestion anthu angazindikire ndende pazipita mowa.

PPM - Njira imeneyi zambiri za:

• zili mowa pa nthawi inayake;
• zosiyanasiyanazo buku chakumwa;
• nthawi chofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mowa akutengedwa kunja kwa thupi.

The chifukwa kudzadalira magawo zotsatirazi:

• kulemera, kugonana, m'badwo wa munthu;
• madzi peresenti potengera kulemera kwa thupi;
• mowa buku lomwe linavomerezedwa.

Choncho ppm - izi ndi zingati?

masiteji kuledzera

masiteji kuledzera amasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mowa kudyedwa. Woyamba amakhala ndi chabe kuledzera pang'ono, choopsa pafupifupi zidzachitika wachiwiri, digiri choopsa cha kuledzera amapezeka mu gawo lachitatu. Chomaliza moyo pachiswe chifukwa amatha chikomokere ngakhale imfa.

A mlingo woopsa adzakhala munthu:

• 4-8 c. ethyl mowa pa makilogalamu 1 thupi kwa munthu wamkulu;
• 3 c. pa makilogalamu 1 kulemera achinyamata, odwala ndi okalamba.

Kenako nkhani kuchuluka Mowa mu magazi pa chilichonse gawo:

• mpaka 0,3% - atamwa mowa palibe;
• 0.3-0.5% - chikoka ndi m'malo ofooka;
• 0.5-1.5% - zikutanthauza digiri pang'ono;
• 1.5-2.5% - digiri pafupifupi;
• 2.5-3% - sitepe amphamvu;
• 3-5% - gawo lolemera, imene kumachitika chikomokere ndipo ngakhale imfa;
• 5-6% - ndi woopsa mlingo.

PPM, amene amaloledwa

Kodi amaloledwa pa mille? Izi ndi kuchuluka limene ngakhale pagalimoto.

Pa zimene kuchuluka kwa magalimoto mowa ankadya adzakhala otetezeka? Khalidwe ndi zimene woyendetsa zingasiyane malingana pa mille:

• 0.1-0.6 ppm. Kupita kuwala gwero Timaona zingaoneke. Osauka ziyenera a zinthu. Kalembedwe galimoto amakhala woopsa, liwiro zambiri kuposa malire chovomerezeka, dalaivala akhoza kuvulaza ena.
• 0.6-0.9 ppm. Lowunikira mtunda zosayenera vutoli limapezeka, ndi kuyesa za zinthu zovuta. Kuyatsa, mtunda, chizindikiro magalimoto ndi maloboti dalaivala sichinayambe mokwanira anayamikira.
• 0.9-1.3 ppm. Kumwa ulesi. Pali kuchepetsa mbali ya view ofooka ndi maganizo olakwika a chowonadi. Tcheru palibe kwathunthu, digiri yapamwamba kuledzera zimapangitsa dalaivala ngozi anthu ena ndekha komanso.
• 1.3-2.5 ppm. Kuteteza chikumbumtima ndi zovuta, poyendetsa galimoto si mwa funso. Amaona masomphenya, anachita, lathu mu mlengalenga.

Analola ppm ndi 0,1 mayunitsi kapena zochepa.

Zizindikiro za kuledzera

Munthu imatengedwa ataledzera ngati pali zizindikiro. Ali:

• fungo lamphamvu la mowa kuchokera mkamwa;
• wosakhazikika kaimidwe, anasonyeza kunjenjemera zala;
• kulankhula matenda, khalidwe osati kutsatira chilengedwe;
• kusintha mwadzidzidzi mu khungu (redness, blanching);
• lakuthwa cholakwika kayendedwe, khalidwe lake loipa.

Kodi kudziwa ppm analola pamene mowa?

Pali wa ppm mu magazi ndi zizindikiro khalidwe pamisinkhu ena kuledzera motere.

Pa mlingo wa 0,010-0,030 mowa ndi khalidwe wabwinobwino ndi matenda chobisika chimene angathe kudziwa yekha mankhwala enieni, monga kuledzera siteji imatengedwa wofatsa.

Pamene mlingo wa mowa 0,031-0,060 khalidwe amakhala ndi euphoria wofatsa, kulankhulalankhula, kutakasuka, kuchepa msinkhu wa kudziletsa ndi ndende utachepa n'kwapafupi kuledzera sing'anga.

Pa mlingo wa mowa 0,061-0,1 khalidwe losiyana extroversion, kuuma mtima kunadza zotengeka zonse, wamphamvu disinhibition, mkhutu kuzindikira maganizo, pali sanasangalale wa mwana kuti kuunika, komabe ndi digiri pafupifupi kuledzera.

Pa mlingo wa mowa khalidwe 0,11-0,2 losiyana atikhaulitse, mkwiyo, lokoma kusintha, expressiveness, linaphwanya bongo, kulankhula kulankhula, ulamuliro wa khalidwe, luso galimoto, kuledzera amapezeka ndi Mwina mkulu, ndi digiri amphamvu kuledzera.

Pa mlingo wa mowa 0,21-0,30 khalidwe losiyana stupor, Mwina imfa ya chikumbumtima, zofooketsa zotengeka zonse, mkhutu kukumbukira, kutsitsimuka, luso galimoto, magawo kuledzera kwambiri, amapezeka poizoni.

Pamene mlingo wa 0,31-0,40 khalidwe amakhala ndi imfa ya chikumbumtima, ndi chopinga zamphamvu chapakati mantha dongosolo angayambe amapha linaphwanya kulamulira, kugunda, kupuma, mgwirizano amapezeka kuledzera ndi kuledzera amphamvu.

Pa mlingo wa 0,41-0,51 khalidwe yodziwika ndi imfa ya chikumbumtima, mwina oopsa, ulamuliro atayika, wosweka mpweya, palpitations, pali nystagmus, kuledzera amphamvu, oopsa kwa anthu.

Pa mlingo wa kuposa 0,51 pakubwera poyizoni zamphamvu thupi ndi zotsatira amapha.

Woopsa mlingo: Kodi pali kungoyankha?

PPM - muyeso, kogotory kungathandize kudziwa mlingo woopsa.

Nthaŵi iliyonse munthu izo anaŵerengera amasiyana. Ngakhale dokotala n'zovuta bwino kuchimvetsa. Choncho zimene mowa mukhoza kumwa, ndi mochuluka bwanji ndi kale oopsa kwa anthu?

Mu manambala, Chiwerengerochi Takambirana kale. 6-8 ppm mayunitsi adzakhala woopsa mlingo munthu wamkulu, 2.5 ppm limasonyeza amphamvu kuledzera. Koma yabwino kwambiri chifukwa anthu ambiri kuganizira malita.

Choncho mlingo ppm amadziwika.

Ngati inu kumwa botolo limodzi la mowa wamphamvu wamkulu, iwe ppm 2.5 chabe. Ndipo ngati inu kutenga mabotolo atatu a buku la theka lita imodzi, ndiye adzakhala woopsa mlingo. Koma ayenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti ntchito mowa munthu ayenera pafupifupi ola limodzi. Koma ngati inu kutambasula mowa kwa nthawi yaitali, makamaka pogulitsira zakudya ndi kayendedwe yogwira, imfa sikuti kuledzera wamphamvu.

Vinyo ndi mowa ofooka ndende ya mowa. Kuti mupeze mlingo woopsa, muyenera kumwa kwambiri. Ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha kumwa akubwera zimachitika kuteteza lake mu mawonekedwe a kusanza, kotero ena a mowa kunja kwa thupi ikusonyezedwa. Mlingo woopsa zimadalira kulemera, zaka, kugonana, ndi matenda aakulu.

Choncho, ppm - ndi muyeso wa ndende mowa magazi, ndi nkhani kwambiri chizindikiro.