Ray-finned nsomba - mitundu, makhalidwe onse, kapangidwe ka nsomba Bony

Ray-finned nsomba a kalasi yaikulu kwambiri, womwenso pafupifupi 95% ya onse okhala pakalipano a mitsinje, nyanja, nyanja ndi nyanja. Kuwonjezera kalasi mu madzi onse a Dziko Lapansi ndi nthambi osiyana mu nsomba superclass Bony.

nsomba Ray-finned (actinopterygii) nalo dzina lake pa Greek ndi zinenero Latin. Amakhala ndi magawo awiri - ". Cholembera" "mtanda" ndipo Dzina limeneli chikugwirizana ndi kapangidwe ka zipsepse ndi.

kusanduka

Popeza mitundu yonse ya nsomba ndi madzi oyera anzawo anafufuza, aliyense anapezazo pofukula m'dera limeneli ndi chidwi asayansi. Popeza anapezeka kuti wamkulu malasha mafupa a nsomba ray-finned miliyoni 420. Zaka. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ife anatsimikiza kuti anali mdani a dongosolo paleoniskoobraznyh. Similar anapezazo kudutsa m'dera la Russia, Estonia ndi Sweden.

Zotsatirazi amapeza zofunika anali pansi zaka zoposa miliyoni. 200. Amenewa anali mafupa a nsomba yoyamba Bony, amene akhala makolo za ambirimbiri mitundu, kenako otchedwa ray-finned nsomba. Zikamera wa ambiri a mitundu inanso anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti anawakakamiza kuti azolowere zinthu zosiyana ndi magulu cheza dzuwa mu nthawi ya zamoyo wa nsomba. Panali magulu anafotokoza kuti kuumirizidwa kuti azolowere kusintha pang'onopang'ono dziko loyandikira.

Gawo chachikulu

The kalasi lonse "re-finned nsomba" ali m'magulu awiri:

• ganoid nsomba;
• novoperye nsomba.

nsomba Ganoid monga 2 zamakono 12 malasha magulu. nsomba Novoperye m'gulu la wamng'ono, mitundu ochuluka kuposa omwe - nsomba Bony.

Ngakhale kuti ali oimira kalasi, iwo ali osiyana kwambiri m'maonekedwe ndi dongosolo.

Ray-finned nsomba. General makhalidwe a gulu ganoid nsomba

Gulu loyamba, ganoid ray-finned nsomba, tichipeza mayunitsi anayi okha. Ochuluka kuposa ndipo ambiri a iwo - Nsombazi. Kapangidwe ka oimira dongosolo ili m'malo wosazindikira, iwo pafupifupi mafupa lonse wapangidwa ndi chichereŵechereŵe, limene palibe vertebrae payekha. Thupi anakonza m'mizere 5 mbale diamondi woboola pakati fupa.

Chondrostei amasiyana cartilaginous nsomba zooneka chigaza mafupa, matayala gill ndi kukhalapo kwa a chikhodzodzo kusambira. Ndi Nsombazi chondrostei ena malonda ray-finned nsomba wapatali, nthumwi - Nsombazi, Nsombazi, beluga ndi ena.

Kapangidwe ka gulu la nsomba Bony

Gulu lachiwiri ndi zapamwamba kwambiri. Bony nsomba thupi yokutidwa ndi wochepa thupi, anamaliza mbale Bony, amene ambiri amadziwika ngati mamba. Anakonza mamba pamaziko a matailosi. Iwo distinguishable kukula mphete, amene angathe kudziwa zaka za munthu.

Mafupa akunja odula tichipeza vertebrae munthu ossified, amene zolumikizana Mitsemphayi kuti kulola kukhotetsa thupi la nsomba. Lililonse gawo la msana kuposa gawo cylindrical ali Arc ndi ndondomeko spinous. Kusankha arches chapamwamba cha vertebrae wa - chilengedwe cha njira ndi kuteteza chingwe msana. Pansi pa njira yopingasa wa vertebrae ndi akuuzidwa, kumene amagwira mafupa nthiti.

Ray-finned Bony nsomba za gulu ndi chigaza bwino anapanga, wopangidwa mwa ambiri mafupa. ubongo zimatetezedwa ndi bokosi fupa. Ndi mafupa chigaza msana ndi fixedly chimayendera.

dongosolo minofu ndi mafupa popangidwa ndi mafupa ndi minofu, amene kuyendetsa zipsepse opercula, chibwano. Ray-finned nsomba kusuntha mwa dera caudal ndi chipsyepsye lalikulu. Bata ndi linearity pamene galimoto amapereka zipsepse unpaired. A zipsepse wophatikizidwa kupitiriza kaimidwe zoona madzi ndi kutumikira monga chiwongolero kasinthasintha.

zosiyanasiyana mitundu

mitundu madzi oyera ray-finned ndi zambiri za nsomba, amaphatikiza kalasi imodzi, ndi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi maonekedwe. Kusiyana zazikulu kuyambira 8 mamilimita mpaka 11 mamita Oimira munthu amatha kulemera kwa 2235 kg., Ndi nsomba mwezi, yomwe agwidwa mu 1908 m'dera Sydney.

Ndi nsomba ray-finned ndi mitundu yonse ya hering'i, ambiri Salmoniformes nsomba, madzi ndi nyanja eels, carp nsomba, mlamba, m'nyanja zikuluzikulu stickleback, mullet ndi mitundu yonse ya nsomba ndi fulonda.

mitundu zosowa

Mukhoza kupanga mndandanda wa anthu chidwi zosowa za M'nyanja ndi kunyumba m'chere zokhala m'malo owetera wachokera ku kalasi. Chidwi kwambiri awa:

• murdzhan nsomba, maso aakulu omwe Mosiyana ndi mtundu pinkish mamba ndi;
• mngelo nsomba, imakongoletsa nyanja ndi mikwingwirima yowala ndi fishnet akuda flakes;
• nyanja yoimba, msonkhano umene n'koopsa, chifukwa ndi chinthu poizoni zipsepse ndi;
• seahorse, okhoza kukongoletsa Aquarium uliwonse;
• labeotropheus nsomba aswa mazira pakamwa;
• scalar, kuwombera kuti kutchuka Aquarium si yekha wokongola maonekedwe, komanso kudzipereka kwake kwa banja.

A zosiyanasiyana m'gulu limeneli anaonekera chifukwa cha njira chisinthiko. Pakali pano, ambiri a nsomba zimapezeka mitsinje, nyanja ndi nyanja ya dziko lathuli, koma 95% ya zamoyo zonse zilipo, amatanthauza ray-finned. Kumene, fotokozani mamembala onse a zosatheka. Ochuluka kwambiri a iwo, koma chidwi kwambiri kuphunzira kalasi mudziwe zambiri ndi zambiri za izo. Sizikudziwika ngati anthu onse a m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja bwino kwa anthu, mwina tikuyembekezera kutulukira zinthu zatsopano ndi zomverera.