Russian mabanki boma akumeneko ngati guarantor la khola chuma cha charo

dongosolo banki Russia si homogeneous: muli osewera yaikuluikulu, komanso mabungwe amene osiyana kiyi chizindikiro - gawo ya boma. ndi mfundo ya ntchito mabungwe ngongole kumene kulamulira kuchuluka kwa chuma wokwatibwa ndi akuluakulu chiyani?

Kodi boma akumeneko banki?

mabungwe Mawu amene wokwatibwa ndi boma (zochokera umembala wa mtengo kulamulira) ndi kusamalira iwo ndi mabanki boma akumeneko. Ntchito yaikulu ya mabungwe amenewa - akubwereketsa kwambiri pa maganizo a za ndondomeko ya dziko mabungwe a zachuma, komanso zokhudza ndalama ndi malipiro wotuluka. Monga ulamuliro, boma mabanki kiyi utumiki Russian, pamalo abwino zofunika gawo la chuma kuti bwanji kuti dziko la ku ntchito m'bwalomo lonse, ndi ntchito yovuta kwa mabungwe ngongole ndi likulu payekha.

Boma, ndi zake mabungwe chuma mwini, kumam'phunzitsa malonda ena ndi nthawi mafakitale zofunika kwambiri m'banja (monga ulimi), ali ndi mfundo m'madera a dziko, amasamalira ndalama ku ntchito ya fuko. Pali Motero ambiri a muyezo momveka kwa kudziŵa mabanki - boma. Mu Russia, mabungwe amenewa amathandiza kwambiri kuti mu ndondomeko ya dziko chuma.

mabanki Central. Amene ali ndi Bank of Russia?

Chapakati banki (Bank of Russia) - subspecies la dziko la kosamalira ngongole. Nchito yake - lamulo zazikulu za citukuko za chuma cha dziko, kulamulira pa ntchito mabungwe a zachuma ndi nawo likulu la pawekha njira International Monetary, zomwe kukhazikitsa ma dziko la chitukuko njira. Bank chapakati amalowerera njira nkhokwe ndalama za boma. Mayendedwe malamulo a Bank ku Central la Russia, monga akatswiri amakhulupirira, ndi m'malo osokoneza. Pa dzanja limodzi, ndi ovomerezeka likulu la Bank ku Central a dziko ndi chuma cha Federation lapansi.

Komabe, bungwe amachititsa maudindo a boma (koma osati mosinthanitsa), mozama revenues yake. Iwo likukhalira kuti ku mawonedwe a lamulo Bank ku Central la Russia zimadalira pa boma. Sanachite bwino amanena kuti Bank of Russia - ulamuliro boma. Ngati inu kutsatira mfundo imeneyi, boma ili kutali ndi kukhala kuchuluka mtheradi ulamuliro ntchito katundu wa Bank ku Central mu mawonekedwe a nkhokwe. Ndipo ngati Mwachitsanzo, cholinga boma asonyeza, Bank ku Central ali ndi ufulu wochita apilo ku makhoti padziko lonse.

CB: katundu kunja

Banki chapakati ali otchedwa mabanki Russian kunja - mabungwe ngongole, kutsogolera ntchito kunja. Mwa anthu - "Moscow Narodny Bank" (ili mu London), "OST-West Handelsbank" (Frankfurt) "Eurobank" (Paris). mabanki Russian ndi nawo boma Choncho, mu mayiko ambiri anayamba a ku Ulaya.

Udindo wa mabungwe a zachuma wa mtundu uwu ndi kusintha limagwirira ndalama ndi mawu wotuluka ndi mabungwe akunja. mabanki Russian kunja angathe kukopa ndalama zofunika kwa boma, kuti kuli bwino kwa chuma. Monga ulamuliro, ndi profitability mwa mabungwe (ndi kukula kwa malipiro ndi bajeti ya msonkho) kuposa kuti a mabanki malonda.

Dziko magombe waukulu boma

Sberbank la Russia (Sberbank la Russia) - waukulu mu mfundo za chuma ngongole bungwe ndi nawo boma. Pafupifupi 60% ya magawo a bungwe ndalama limabweretsa maulamuliro, 40% - kupezeka anthu. The Russian State Bank unakhazikitsidwa m'nyengo Soviet, koma chithunzi cha gawo patokha mwini - mmodzi wa apamwamba mu msika.

Mwachitsanzo, kakatundu Rab pa 100% akugwirizira Rosimushchestvo (la matupi waukulu mu kapangidwe ka mabanki chuma). Chitsanzo china ndi mabungwe lalikulu ngongole boma - VTB Bank. Federal Management Katundu Agency mwini pang'ono kuposa 75% ya magawo a m'banja. Ndithu gawo lalikulu zimene ziri za boma, ndi kupezeka Gazprombank.

Udindo wapadera wa Vnesheconombank

Vnesheconombank (VEB) - bungwe ngongole kuti ali ndi malo enieni mu dongosolo banki ya dziko lathu. chakuti ntchito ikuchitika popanda chilolezo ndi kosamugonjera mabwana, pamene ena Russian boma mabanki kuthana ndi zinthu zimenezi. Vnesheconombank zaka zoposa 90, ndipo ku mawonedwe a chilamulo ndi bungwe pagulu. Zochita ntchito za bungwe ndi ngongole zovomerezeka. Mitundu mgwirizano wa mabungwe boma Vnesheconombank ndi ngongole zina - Eximbank (anakhazikitsa kuthandiza zogulitsa kunja). Ngati zimenezi zachitika, ndiye m'manja mwa boma adzakhala malonda thandizo chida mothandizidwa ndi ukutitsimikizira tsankho. Komabe, ena phokoso, monga akatswiri ena amakhulupirira, chifukwa ntchito imeneyi akhoza kukhala VEB akale mangawa.

Akatswiri: mabanki boma akumeneko ayenera kukhala magulu

banki msika Akatswiri amanena kuti chitukuko cha dongosolo banki ayenera kukhala malangizo omveka bwino. Mmodzi wa akatswiriwa kuona dongosolo la subordination pakati pa mabungwe ngongole ya magulu. Pakuti mabanki amene ali kuima pa malo pamwamba, iwo akufuna kunyamula Rosselkhozbank ndi RBR ndi World Bank. ntchito zawo zikhoza zogwirizana ndi ndalama za mfundo ndalama za dziko, kupanga gawo la ulimi.

Pa "mlingo wachiwiri" - Sberbank, VTB, VEB ndi Eximbank. Makamaka ntchito Council Security Russian, akatswiri amakhulupirira, liziyang'ana padziko mavuto kugwirizana ndi madipoziti ndalama, ndi kulepheretsa kukula kwa zigawo malonda. Russian boma akumeneko mabanki "mlingo chachitatu" pa lingaliro la akatswiri ayenera konsekonse: .. kongoletsani nawo khalidwe la ndalama, etc. The kulowa gulu la mabanki choyamba awiri, monga zachuma, ayenera kugonjetsa zopinga.

Mwachangu a mabanki boma akumeneko

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ikuchitika kufufuza zokhudzana ndi chitukuko cha dongosolo Russian kubanki. Mu mmodzi wa iwo zinawululidwa mphamvu ya gombe, kuphatikizapo boma. kuphunzira komanso kufufuza bungwe ndi nawo akunja. mabungwe Mawu, mu ntchito ya akatswiri zotsatira anagawidwa m'magulu asanu: mabanki boma akumeneko, kutenga nkhani Council Security la Chitaganya cha Russia, boma mabanki amene alibe poyerekezera Council Security la Chitaganya cha Russia, magombe payekha ofesi chapakati mu Moscow kapena St. Petersburg, magombe pawekha dera, komanso bulanchi a mabungwe a zachuma yachilendo.

Anapeza kuti zothandiza kwambiri - ali mgulu ndi Council Security wa ku Russia Russian mabanki boma akumeneko. Mndandanda akufotokoza i m'gulu phunziro, anatsimikiziranso zimenezi. kuwathamangitsa wapafupi pamlingo wa khalidwe la ntchito anali mabanki aumwini Moscow. Komabe, mphamvu ya Bungwe la Russian Security anali pang'ono poyerekeza ndi chiyerekezo cha gulu la khumi mabanki waukulu mu mfundo za chuma (koma kuposa pafupifupi kwa pamwamba magulu asanu a mabungwe).

kudalirika kwa mabanki boma akumeneko

zachuma ambiri (ndi anthu wamba) amakhulupirira kuti Russian boma akumeneko mabanki ndi odalirika kwambiri kuposa payekha. Izi, kuchita nchito za mabungwe ngongole, monzama mu mzere ndi chowonadi. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti nambala iyi ali tsatanetsatane. Choyamba, magombe boma akumeneko likuvutika zinachitikira wamkulu mbiri ali zipangizo zochuluka zoti awonjezere dera ndipo phindu kasitomala chidaliro. Kachiwiri, monga zachuma, boma zambiri othandizira ntchito zimene sizili mwakuya kwambiri mu kusanthula mtengo-phindu, zimene ziri mwamtheradi osati khalidwe la mabungwe ngongole payekha. Chachitatu, magombe boma akumeneko angakwanitse ganyu anthu pa malipiro mlingo m'munsi mwa ukuwonjezeka ambiri Mwachangu ntchito za mabungwe ndi mpikisano poyerekeza ndi mabanki payekha.

Maganizo a mabanki boma akumeneko

Imodzi mwa akatswiri ndalama msika otchuka nkhani yolembedwa kuti chiwerengero cha zimene boma mabanki adzakhala pang'onopang'ono mpaka kusanduka. Komabe, m'malo kukhala chuma mabungwe akuluakulu adzafunafuna litsatira anthu pa akulamulira. Palinso lina la kuganiza kuti kuchepetsa umwini boma dongosolo banki alibe malingaliro ambiri kutchulidwa: nkhani ya limatchula za chimango malamulo. Malinga ndi mfundo yachiwiri view, kusintha kudzachitika ngati zoona, kusonyeza kutengerapo mwamwambo chabe magawo (kapena ntchito kuwombola) pakati pa mabungwe osiyanasiyana boma. Mwa zina zabwino zina zimene chimatanthauza chiyembekezo mabungwe ngongole ndi nawo boma - gawo Bank ku Central pa kayendetsedwe ka mabanki malonda.

Pali maganizo kufunika kuti mupewe likulu la Bank ku Central mabungwe payekha ndalama ngati CB udindo wake monga mwini ndi losiyana wake ntchito kuti ayang'anire ndiponso ntchito ndi cholinga chofuna chuma dziko wonse. chaka chimene mtengo zina zikhoza kukhala kusintha boma mtsinje wa Russia - 2014, mndandanda wa kusintha zotheka ayenera kusindikizidwa mu masamba a mapepala Bank Central kapena TV apadera.