Saur-Manda: history, chipilala, chitunda ndi malo pa mapu. Ali Saur-Manda?

Kwa zaka zambiri, nthano, nthano, wowerengeka nyimbo, m'Chiarabu wa chitunda Savur-Mohyla. Izi chipilala akale chete mwaona zikusintha pa moyo wake ambiri osangalala ndipo chisoni zochitika. Kulimbika ndi kulimba mtima wa anthu, ndi zokometsera anzeru a dziko mbadwa amafotokozedwa m'Chiarabu Folk. Mofananamo, lero Ine sindikudziwa kumene anatenga dzina lake. Ochita kafukufuku ena amanena kuti Saur - dzina la munthu, kuteteza zofuna za m'deralo, koma n'zothekanso, ndipo icho chinali Cossack. Kudera limeneli m'chigawo Donetsk poyera kuti matenda a Chitata, ndipo alibe anachita izo mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Today Saur-kumasiye ndi chikhalidwe ndi chipilala mbiri mu Ukraine.

Location chitunda

Saur-kumasiye ndi mfundo imodzi pamwamba pa Donets Ridge, ndi m'chigawo cha migodi dera Donetsk. Kutalika kwa chitunda pamwamba pa nyanja ndi pa 278 m. Pamwamba pa izo mu masiku akale anali okonzeka Cossack positi, ndiye kulimbikitsa Mius-kutsogolo. Chikumbukiro zovuta wamangidwa pakutha pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Kurgan Saur-kumasiye ndi otsalira a paphiri la osiyanasiyana Donetsk. Kwenikweni tichipeza sandstone, m'madera ena owoneka specks thanthwe krustalo.

Saur-Manda ili pa chigwa chifukwa umene Tingaone pa mtunda wa 40 mamita. Kuchokera pamwamba angaonedwe milu migodi wosatha steppe Amvrosievsky simenti mbewu. Mu nyengo dzuwa, ndi chitunda tinganene kuti Azov Sea, akadali 90 Km. Amadziwika kuti pa dera la Donetsk dera anthu amakono ankakhala II Zakachikwi BC, chifukwa pa nthawiyo anali Kuwaza pamwamba pa Saur-manda. Mafuko nyama chikhalidwe anapanga mulu kutalika pafupifupi 4 mamita ndi m'mimba mwake pafupifupi 32 mamita.

Dzina la chiundocho

Malinga ndi malipoti ena, "Saur" kapena "fungo" ndi lochokera Turkic (kuchokera ku mawu "Sauyr"), izo likumasuliridwa kuti "tchire kutalika ndi ozungulira pamwamba." Gulu la ofufuza amakonda kukhulupirira kuti chiundocho unatchedwa fuko la Sarmatians kapena Savromats. Koma folklore wateteza nthano zambiri ndi nyimbo za munthu Saur. Iye anali wobwezera wa anthu, Cossack, amene anaphedwa a Crimea Chitata, kuteteza anthu ake ku ukapolo.

The Kale

Ofukula zakale chitunda napeza m'manda, pachibwenzi II Zakachikwi BC. e., nthawi ya chikhalidwe nyama. Amene basi sanali m'madera amenewa. Sarmatians, Asukuti Khazars, Huns, Bulgarians, Cumans, Pechenegs, Mongolia ndi Chitata - anthu onsewa nthawi imodzi anakakhala pa malire a dera ano Donetsk. Long nthawi palibe amene anakhalapo kuno. The chete steppes chilengedwe zina linaphwanya achifwamba akulira akapolo otchezedwa, khamu la wongosamukasamuka, creaking sitima ya ngolo koma ng'ombe za nyama zakutchire. pamene onse, anaima osafikiridwa Savur-Mohyla. Kodi izo ziriri lero chipilala, pamene Cossacks anachita kulondera, ndipo okha katswiri ozungulira malo lotseguka. Pamene nkhondo kwambiri wamagazi wa Ukrainians ndi Chitata.

Saur-kumasiye pa Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Kwa zaka ziwiri, malo ozungulira chitunda inkachitira utakhala m'manja mwa dziko la Germany. N'kumene kuchokera 1941 mpaka 1943 zinamangidwa chitetezo Mius-kutsogolo kwa mzere woyamba. Iye Saur-Manda Germany anali ndi zofunika kwambiri njira tanthauzo. Pamwamba pa izo zachokera Observatory. Kumapiri a asilikali chitunda German pokonzekera bunkers, pillboxes, Nakata vryli oti muli nazo zida chimakwirira ndi firepower. Kuteteza kutalika mortars ntchito, akasinja lawi-akuponyera, zidutswa zida zankhondo.

asilikali Soviet anakumana ndi mavuto - kunali koyenera kuukira otsetsereka phompho, pamene dziko la Germany anali kugwiritsa ntchito za odekha, choncho, kodi ntchito magalimoto oti muli nazo zida. Saur-Manda a dera Donetsk anayamba kukathyola August 28, 1943, mbendera ofiira kukazikoloŵeka pachimake pa usiku wa 29 pa August 30, koma Russian anatenga kutalika chomaliza cha 31 okha a August. The adani nawo 96 alonda mfuti Division, 295, 293, 291 mfuti maalumali 34 alonda mfuti Division, 127 Division gawo. thandizo lamtengo wapatali asilikali anali ubiquitous "Katyusha" ndi chikuto cha "Ihlow". Akavala okwera anapha wamakhalidwe, asilikali ambiri wolimba ndi akapitawo, ambiri a iwo ankati anapatsidwa malamulo.

The chipilala loyamba

Pambuyo mapeto a nkhondo Saur-Manda ali wosapitirira chikumbutso. Iwo anali 6 mapazi anajambulapo piramidi ndi nsonga ya nyenyezi wofiira. Kuzungulira chipilala anali zokuzira mphonje unyolo nsanja, amene anaikidwa ngodya otsalira pambuyo mfuti ya nkhondo. Komanso, panali lolembedwa lonena za mayina a anthu amene anaphedwa pa adani a msinkhu wa asilikari ndi asilikali.

Chikumbukiro yachiwiri

Mu 1960, Union of mapulani a Region Donetsk waganiza kulengeza mpikisano kwa kapangidwe watsopano wa chipilala cha. 37 magulu kulenga kwa onse a RSFSR anapereka maganizo awo, Njira anapereka Kiev bungwe. Chifukwa Chiyukireniya mapulani kuthi latsopano, zambiri woyengeka chikumbutso Savur-Mohyla. chipilala inamangidwa ndi ndalama Anthuwa ndi amene anataya zasungidwa wawo. Ndalama anasonkhana Komsomol midzi yoyandikana Shakhtersk, Torez ndi chipale chofewa.

Chikumbutso kutsegula mwambo zinachitika mu chaka cha 1967. Anthu oposa 300,000 anasonkhana kulemekeza kukumbukira asilikali wagwa. Kuchokera ngodya zonse za Soviet Union likutsindikanso mbali ya Soviet Army, oimira mabungwe onse, anamenyela. Pa nthawiyo anayang'ana Saur-Manda? Photo 60s anapulumuka masiku ano. Pamwamba panayima 36 mita konkire obelisk, alimbane ndi lubwe. Mkati, bungwe pokonzekera chipinda cha ulemerero wa asilikali, lomwe lili ndi mapu mafupa, manyuzipepala ndi mabuku zogwirizana pa nkhondo, zithunzi ndi zithunzi za ophunzira kutenga kutalika. Komanso, nsanja chapamwamba kuonera analengedwa.

Pa phazi la obelisk amapereka 9-mita chosema la msilikali kuyang'ana kumadzulo ndipo wothinikizidwa mu anaukitsa makina dzanja lamanja. Msilikali Cape, pamene simenti ndi kuthamanga mu mphepo. chosema wopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunula, mu 1975 pafupi ndi iye anayatsa lawi wosatha. The obelisk akhoza anafika mu njira ziwiri. Njira imodzi anaika apainiya kuchokera konsekonse USSR, ndipo chachiwiri - oimira ya ngwazi-mizinda. Njira kwa chitunda Komsomol anabzala msondodzi ndi maples. Okhawo amene adzawuke staircase lonse, lotseguka mu ulemerero Savur-Mohyla.

Mbiri zochitika zoopsa amasunga anayi pylons lalikulu yopingasa nkhondo. Aliyense wa iwo ali odzipereka kwa mtundu winawake wa asilikali: ndi zida zankhondo, oyenda, ndege, thanki oyeretsa. Onse reliefs mkulu ndi zolemba nyimbo zochokera zochitika zenizeni. Pa pylons si kukopedwa nkhani zopeka ndi asilikali ndi alonda a asilikali Soviet. Pa phazi la Saur-manda ndi m'munsi kuonerera sitimayo, omwe amapereka view zidzasintha wonse wa chikumbutso zovuta. Iwo anaika anasunga kuyambira nkhondo zida zankhondo, wotchuka "Katyusha", akasinja ndi mortars. Pa pamwamba pa chitunda chimanga chosakhwima helipad.

Miyambo pafupi Saur-manda

Chirichonse banjali anachokera ku Torez ndi chisanu pambuyo ukwati kupita chiundocho kukwera pamwamba, kuyala maluwa chipilala, potero kulemekeza kukumbukira asilikali wagwa. Mu Soviet Union linali pa Saur-Manda a achinyamata anapatsidwa matikiti Komsomol. Near chipilala akupita chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu kawiri pa chaka: pa Tsiku la Kumasuka wa Donbass (8 September) ndi Chigonjetso Tsiku (May 9). Mwatsoka, kumanga, komanso maulendo ambirimbiri kuti chitunda mu makamaka kuonongeka topezeka ake. Ngati kale steppe inamera nthenga, tsopano yokutidwa ndi namsongole.

Saur-kumasiye mu folklore

Iwo lidakalipobe nthano zingapo za chiyambi cha chiundocho. The nkhani wotchuka kwambiri wa Cossack Saur, kapena Savka, amene anali Cossack kulondera anzake asamuone positi, okonzeka pamwamba pa chitunda lapansi. Ankhondo tiphonya basi Chitata ndipo analibe nthawi kuyatsa moto. Apachipata ndi chisoni theka anayatsa moto ndipo anabwerera, koma Saur kutuluka chilengedwe sakanakhoza, umene anapereka ndi moyo wake. The chitunda ndinayamba ndiye kukula, kotero kubwerera ku Cossacks mchemwali wake pamwamba pa chitunda lapansi. Pali anamuika m'manda ndi zisoti anapanga mfundo zambiri.

Mu folklore Chiyukireniya watetezanso nthano za mnyamata, molimba wamba Saur. Ban nkhanza mkwatibwi momwemo achinyamata anapita ku nkhalango kukhala wobwezera wa anthu. Choyamba anachitira wolakwayo. Saur anapha Pan ndi potentha dzina lake, ndiye iye mundilanda onse olemera kutaya chuma chawo kwa osauka. Pamene iye anafa, ngwazi ya anaikidwa pamwamba pa chitunda lapansi.

Saur-kumasiye - chipilala m'mbiri yakale Ukraine

Kwa zaka zambiri, cholinga anakhalabe wotchuka chitunda. Kwa zaka zambiri, iye anapeza nthano latsopano ndi zochitika Savur-Mohyla. Pa mapu n'zosavuta kupeza, chiundocho ili pafupi ndi mudzi wa Saurovka, pafupi ndi tauni ya Shakhtersk. Lero, chikumbutso zovuta, komanso yekha mulu kutetezedwa ndi lamulo. Lodziwika bwino Saur-Mogila ananena chipilala cha kale ndi epic amunamuna a anthu Chiyukireniya.