Nsanja ya London. Mbiri ya Nsanja ya London ku London

Castle Tower wa London ndi imodzi mwa zokopa yaikulu ya UK. Izi si wokongola mapulani chipilala, chizindikiro kuti ali ndi malo yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya ufumu English.

Location

Kodi Tower wa London ku London, pa Mtsinje wa Thames. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nyumba yakale kwambiri mu England. Mu mbiri yake yaitali Nsanja nayo nthawi kuti tipite ku nyumba yachifumu, linga, m'ndende, ndi Observatory, ndi zinyama, ndi timbewu tonunkhira, nkhokwe, zapamwamba wa zokometsera British korona, komanso malo wokongola kwa alendo akubwera kuchokera konsekonse pa dziko.

yomanga

Nsanja ya London inamangidwa mu magawo angapo. M'munsi mwa mbiri nyumba makhalidwe Mfumu Wilhelm Ine, zomwe yomweyo pambuyo kulanda British Land wayamba kumanga nyumba kumbuyo kuti aopseze anthu wamba. Monga mbali ya chochitika chachikulu mu 1078, Nsanja anamangidwira pa malo ya linga zakale zamitengo. Icho chinali chachikulu amakona anayi linga miyeso 32h36 m, kutalika kwa 30 m. Atamwalira William I yotsatira mfumu ya England analamula yomanga utoto mtundu woyera, kenako yomanga ankatchedwa "White Tower". Mfumu Richard ndi Lionheart nsanja ina pamwamba osiyanasiyana inamangidwa ndi amphamvu makoma, mizere iwiri encircling kapangidwe chadzaoneni. Round Tower anali anakumba dzenje kwambiri, likhale limodzi la chitetezo kwambiri angaloŵe mu Europe.

akaidi wotchuka

Nsanja ya London anatenga mkaidi choyamba mu 1100. Iwo anakhala Bishop Ralph Flambard, amene, mwa njira, pa nthawi ina anatenga nawo mbali pomanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Moyo bishopuyo pansi loko unali wokoma ndithu - anali wokongola nyumba, anali kuphunzira osiyana, analawa zakumwa zokoma ndi mbale. Komabe, mkaidi anathawa ku Tower posachedwapa, ntchito chingwe, amene anapereka chigubu cha vinyo. Mkaidi lotsatira, Griffin, Kalonga wa Wales, anamangidwa zaka linga 150 nafa (inagwera) pamene zothaŵa. Kenako kugwera anthu disfavour wa magazi buluu nthawi zonse amakhala wandende mwa Tower. Pali anapita mafumu France ndi Scotland (Yohane II, Orleans Karl Yakobo ndi Chi I) ndi Ansembe ndi olemekezeka madigiri zosiyanasiyana ndi maudindo. Nyumbayi wotchuka wakhala malo umbanda wamagazi ndiponso kunyongedwa. Pali zinawonongedwa zaumbanda akalonga - chaka khumi akale Edward V ndi m'bale wake Richard, aphedwe Korol Genrih VI.

Akaidi kuyikidwa mu madera free, malire a ufulu akanakhoza kukhala chirichonse. Anayambitsa Pennsylvania ku North America, Penn Uilyam, anali mu Tower chifukwa cha chipembedzo chawo ndi miyezi eyiti. Kalonga wa Orleans, Charles, anamangidwa kulinga kwa zaka 25 ndipo pambuyo kulipira dipo yaikulu kwa iye. Reyli Uolter - courtier, wasayansi ndi wofufuza - stints atatu mu ndende, ndipo ankakonda izo Tikaphatikiza zaka khumi ndi zitatu. Iye anakula mu Castle Garden fodya ndi ayerera undekha ndi kulemba Mipikisano buku "History of the World."

mapulani Matrimonial ndi kusiyana zipembedzo

Yolakwika malo kuzunzidwa mu Nsanja ya London linayamba inalowa mpando wachifumu Henry VIII, amene ankafunitsitsa kukhala ndi wolowa yovomerezeka wapanga mmodzi wa sasonyeza anthu wamba kwambiri pa mbiri ya England. Henry anathyola ndi Mpingo Agiriki, Aroma, sanafune kuvomereza chisudzulo wake kwa mkazi wake woyamba, mutu wachiwiri - Anne Boleyn, sangathe kubala mwana, anamuchotsa n'zimenenso ndi wachisanu - Govard Ketrin, komanso si kukumana zonse zofuna zake. Pa nthawi yomweyo mfumu kwambiri wa anthu a udindo wapamwamba anaika miyoyo yawo mu Tower.

Edward VI wa, mfumu ya England, anakhala m'malo woyenera bambo ake, ndipo sanali skimp pa chilango cha imfa. Mwana wamkazi wa Henry VIII - Maria - anali Mkatolika ndipo mwaukali anamenyera chiyero cha chikhulupiriro, amenenso sakanakhoza kuchita wopanda nsembe magazi. Komanso, munthu wachiwawa, kamodzi pa mpando wachifumu, pomwepo anadula mutu mdani wakeyo waukulu pankhondo mpando wachifumuwo - sikisitini za Lady Jane Gray. zionetsero ambiri anaphedwa mu ulamuliro wa Mary, koma Mfumukazi lotsatira la England - Elizabeth - equalized ndipo ndalangidwa ndi kale kuwavutitsa Catholic ake. Mbiri ya Nsanja ya London mwadzaza chokana zachiwawa ndi anthu otchuka amene agwera manyazi pa malo achipembedzo.

Kuphedwa ndi kuzunza

akaidi zikwi zingapo anali mu Tower. Komabe, anthu awiri okha ndi akazi asanu anapatsidwa ulemu anadula mutu pa dera la linga wotchuka. Atatu olemekezeka awa anali mfumukazi: Dzheyn Gray (pa mpando wachifumu unatenga masiku asanu ndi anai), Ketrin Govard ndi Anne Boleyn. akaidi mkulu wobadwa zochepa anaphedwa pafupi, pa Tower Hill, pamene anasonkhana mafani zambiri za kupulula. Thupi la mkaidi anaphedwa ankavutika m'manda ku linga la. Castle Tower wa London sitolo mu chapansi pa mtembo wake mu akaidi 1500.

Kuzunza akaidi mu Tower kunachitika okha ndi chilolezo cha apolisi. Choncho, Gay Foks, chigawenga amene anayesa kuti aphulitsa Nyumba ya Malamulo mu 1605 anali pa nsanja chikombole. Izi amakakamizidwa kuti dzina maina asanapachikidwe masterminds onga Chiwembu.

Tower - malo a m'ndende mbiri posachedwapa

Kamodzi pa English wachifumu Charles II, Tower wa London mu London pafupifupi sanali kudzadza akaidi. Kuphedwa chotsiriza pa Tower Hill chinachitika mu 1747, koma nsanja wotchuka anali m'ndende, ndipo masiku ano. Mu First World nkhondo, wakhala anamaliza, ndipo kenako anamuombera khumi German azondi. Pa World nkhondo II akaidi a nkhondo unachitikira ku linga, pakati pa amene anali Rudolf Hess. Munthu wotsiriza kuphedwa pa malo, anali Yakobo, Yosefe, mlandu espionage ndipo anaphedwa m'chaka cha 1941. Akaidi wa Tower anali mu 1952 ndi abale achifwamba Cray.

Other ntchito nsanja

Nsanja ya Nsanja ya London kunali bwino zinyama, anthu nyama zosowa. mwambo unakhazikitsidwa XVII atumwi ndi Henry III, analandira monga mphatso ndi nyama zochepa ndi kuwapatsa iwo nzika pa linga wotchuka. Mu ulamuliro wa Elizabeth I, zinyama anatsegula alendo. Only mu 1830 mu menagerie Tower linathetsedwa.

Pafupifupi zaka 500 mu mpanda wolimba ndi opareshoni nthambi ya Royal timbewu. Komanso, Tower anapitiriza malamulo ndi boma sheya kwambiri, komanso zida za nkhondo za asilikali mfumu ndi mfumu.

Alonda linga ndi chuma cha Britain

chitetezo chapadera mu Tower unachokera mu 1485. Palace alonda linga dzina Beefeaters (kuchokera English "ng'ombe" kutanthauza "ng'ombe"), chifukwa ngakhale mu zaka zovuta kwambiri kwa dziko zakudya alonda wolimba wa Tower m'gulu mbali yokulirapo ya nyama. Choncho English ufumu wokha anapereka zokometsera odalirika.

The Tower ndi nyumba yachifumu "reyvensmaster" (woyang'anira akhwangwala), amene ali ndi udindo wosamalira gulu la akhwangwala kuti moyo pa malo a. An nthano zakale akuti, ngati mbalame yakuda kusiya Tower wa London, ku UK adzavutika matsoka. Kuti akhwangwala musati amauluka, mapiko awo n'zometa.

Pa malo ndi chuma cha Britain. Iwo inkatetezedwa ndi woyang'anira wapadera. Alendo anatha amasirira ngale achifumu m'zaka za m'ma XVII. Pakati zodzikongoletsera wotchuka - waukulu mu dziko ankachitira diamondi Kullian I.

Tower mlatho

Wina pamaso ulemerero wa England wotchuka Tower Bridge mu London. Iwo nalo dzina lake chifukwa cha moyandikana ndi mpanda wolimba wotchuka. The drawbridge pa Thames inamangidwa zaka 1886-1894. m'litali ndi mamita 244. Yomanga lili pakati pa nsanja ziwiri, utali - mamita 65. Ndime chapakati ali ndi kutalika mamita 61, kuti lagawidwa mapiko awiri, amene angathe adzaukitsidwa mwa ngodya ya 83 ° ngati n'koyenera. Aliyense phiko zimalemera matani pafupifupi wani sauzande Komabe, zikomo ku counterweight wapadera, banja lake linatha za chimodzi miniti. Poyamba SPAN anayambika mwa dongosolo madzi hayidiroliki. Mu 1974, kuswana kwa limagwirira mlatho kopepuka ndi galimoto magetsi.

Apansi akhoza kuwoloka milatho, ngakhale mu chikhalidwe sitimadzipereka - ndi pakati pa maofesi zimene polumikiza nsanja pa msinkhu wa 44 mamita zomera. Iwo akhoza kukwera masitepe, ili mkati nsanja. Mu 1982, zomera anayamba kuchita ntchito ya kuonerera sitimayo ndi owonetsera zakale. Tower Bridge (Tower Bridge), London anasangalala chimodzimodzi otchuka kuposa mpanda wolimba wotchuka kwambiri.