SIP-protocol: kufotokoza

Gawo Chinamwali Protocol (SIP) ndi protocol kwa posonyeza ndi kusamalira magawo kulankhulana matumizidwe ophatikizika amawu, nyimbo ndi zithunzi. Ntchito ambiri mu Internet telephony - Voice ndi kuyitana Video ndi mauthenga pa IP (Protocol Internet).

Iwo amasonyeza mauthenga wotumidwa pakati endpoints ndi zonse chilengedwe, kuchotsa, ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwa kuitanako. SIP protocol, za amene anapereka pamwamba angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulenga, kusintha ndi kutsiriziratu magawo ongokhala chimodzi kapena zingapo matumizidwe ophatikizika amawu, nyimbo ndi zithunzi mitsinje deta. Ndi protocol ntchito wosanjikiza. Zokha muulamuliro wa amabweretsera wosanjikiza zoyendera. M'mawu ena, ndi protocol zochokera lemba zikuphatikizapo zinthu zambiri HTTP (Hypertext Choka) ndi osavuta Mail Address Choka Protocol (a SMTP).

SIP-protocol - ndichiyani?

SIP ntchito molumikizana ndi zina ndondomeko zingapo ntchito mlingo kuti kuzindikira ndi kachilombo matumizidwe ophatikizika amawu, nyimbo ndi zithunzi gawo. Chiphaso deta TV ndi ofananira zimatheka pamodzi ndi Kufotokozera gawo Protocol (SDP). Popereka mitsinje matumizidwe ophatikizika amawu, nyimbo ndi zithunzi - mawu, video - izo bwinobwino amagwiritsa zenizeni nthawi zoyendera protocol (RTP) kapena mode Wabwino (SRTP). Pakuti otetezeka mauthenga kufala SIP akhoza encrypted ntchito Transport Gulu Security (TLS).

History chitukuko

SIP-protocol poyambirira mwakuchita gulu la akatswiri mu 1996. Iwo anali yovomerezeka mu 2543 mu RFC 1999 (SIP 1.0). Mu November 2000, iye analandira monga protocol 3 GPP ma siginalo ndi mchitidwe okhazikika a zomangamanga IP-Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) kuti kusonkhana kwa matumizidwe ophatikizika amawu, nyimbo ndi zithunzi ntchito IP ofotokoza mu kachitidwe ma. Baibulo atsopano (SIP 2.0) mu RFC 3261 mfundo linatulutsidwa mu June 2002. Ndi yophunzitsa ena ndi kuwongolera imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nthawi yathu.

Ngakhale kuti choyambirira SIP-protocol anayamba kupanga zochokera ntchito mawu. Masiku ano amathandiza osiyanasiyana ofunsira, kuphatikizapo videoconferencing, akukhamukira media, kutumizirana mauthenga kutengerapo file, ndi fax pa IP, ndi pakompyuta.

Protocol SIP - kufotokoza ndi opareshoni

Gawo Chinamwali Protocol zimadalira pa amabweretsera protocol zoyendera. Amayendera Kufala Control Protocol (TCP), wosuta Datagram Protocol (UDP) kapena kulamulira kufala protocol mtsinje (SCTP). Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ukuthamana pakati pa mbali ziwiri (unicast) ndi Multicast gawo.

Mmenemo ndi kapangidwe zinthu zitsanzo zofanana pempho HTTP ndikupeleka. Aliyense ntchito ngati tichipeza pempho kasitomala, zomwe zimabweretsa njira inayake ntchito pa makina komanso mmene chimodzi. SIP-protocol reuses kwambiri minda chamutu, malamulo kabisidwe, ndi zizindikiro udindo HTTP, kupereka munthu angathe kuwaŵerenga lemba mtundu.

Aliyense gwero maukonde Gawo Chinamwali Protocol - wosuta wothandizila kapena voicemail bokosi - anazindikira ntchito Kugawilidwa kwanthaka gwero dzina (Uri), ogwira ntchito pa maziko a munthu wamba muyezo malembedwe, amene amagwiranso ntchito mu misonkhano ukonde ndi imelo. Uri chiwembu, amene ntchito SIP, ali mawonekedwe a unyolo zomveka: lolowera: achinsinsi @ khamu: doko.

Policy chitetezo

Ngati chofunika otetezeka deta kufala chiwembu n'kukulemberani kuti aliyense wa zinthu maukonde, kumene pempho zimatumizidwa chandamale ankalamulira, ayenera kupatsidwa Transport Gulu Security (TLS). Chinthu lotsiriza la makina tidzakulowereni chandamale ankalamulira pamene afunika ntchito mogwirizana ndi zoikamo m'dera chitetezo. TLS kuchilango mwalowa amene amayesa kukakumana deta nthawi ya uthenga. Koma sasamalira chitetezo chenicheni kwa mapeto sangalepheretse kutsatira ndi deta kuba. Monga SIP-protocol, amene madoko ayenera adzatsekeredwa chikugwirizana, ntchito ndi zina zopezera?

Iwo amagwira ntchito molumikizana ndi ndondomeko zina angapo ndipo kulowerera kuyankhulana ma siginalo yekha. SIP-makasitomala amangoona ntchito TCP kapena UDP manambala doko 5060 kapena 5061 kulumikiza ku ndimweko-maseva ndi zina SIP yotsiriza mfundo. Port 5060 ambiri ntchito kwa unencrypted magalimoto chizindikiro, koma doko 5061 pafupi "abwenzi" ndi Transport Gulu Security (TLS).

Kodi ntchito?

Kuti tiyankhe funso yeniyeni «SIP-protocol - kuti" tiyenera kumvera pa zimene ntchito. Nthawi zambiri ankakonda kukhala ndi kutumiza ndi kuyitana mawu kapena kanema. Timatha inu kukweza mavuto amene alipowa. kusinthidwa The china kusintha maadiresi kapena madoko, kuitana ophunzira kukambirana zambiri, kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa TV mitsinje. SIP komanso kupeza ntchito mafomu mauthenga komanso mu chochitika muzimvetsera ndi zidziwitso.

Zogwiritsira SIP-malamulo kugwirizana ndi Internet Engineering Ntchito Mphamvu (IETF), ndiyo malangizo ntchito zimenezi. Mawu ndi mauthenga videopotokovye ntchito pa osiyana protocol ntchito mu zenizeni nthawi Transport Protocol (RTP). Magawo - manambala doko, ndondomeko, codecs - kwa atolankhani awa mitsinje anafotokozedwa ndi chikufanana ntchito Kufotokozera gawo protocol (SDP), umene umayenda mu phukusi thupi Gawo Chinamwali Protocol (mwachitsanzo, SIP T protocol).

Kaonedwe zoyambirira za protocol ndi kuti ayenera m'tsogolo kupereka ma siginalo ndi kuitana khwekhwe kwa IP-mauthenga pa maziko amene akhoza kuthandiza superset wa ntchito foni processing ndi mbali alipo anthu anazimitsa telefoni Intaneti (PSTN). Iye sakunena chimatanthauza iwo. More ndendende, izo nthawi yokha kuitana khwekhwe ndi ma siginalo. zochitika zonse zimene anafuna kuchita ntchito telefoni ngati (m. E. oyimba, malankhulidwe ayankhe ringback kapena chizindikiro wotanganidwa), anachita seva tidzakulowereni ndi wothandizila wosuta. oyamba ndi terminology ndi osiyana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, koma ntchito pa mfundo yomweyo.

The phindu telefoni

Telefoni maukonde akuthandiza SIP akhoza kukhazikitsa ambiri patsogolo kwambiri mbali kuitana processing pano mu Kulankhulana System 7 (SS7). Ngakhale zonse ndondomeko izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri. SS7 ndi protocol centralized. Iwo amakhala ndi zovuta chapakati maukonde zomangamanga ndi "yosamveka" mapeto mfundo (ochiritsira matelefoni). SIP ndi protocol wa "kasitomala-Seva". Komabe, zipangizo ambiri amene amathandiza Gawo Chinamwali Protocol angachichite monga mbali ya kasitomala ndi makina. Ambiri, gawo E amachita ngati kasitomala, ndi wolandila amachita kuitana Seva ntchito. Choncho, SIP zinthu zimene akuyendera mu endpoints kulankhulana, mosiyana ndi mphamvu ochiritsira SS7 amene akuyendera maukonde.

SIP ndi mwapadera mu sayansi kusiyana mu izo, osati mu makampani kutumiza mauthenga. SIP-protocol ndi yovomerezeka ndipo makamaka anatsimikiza ndi IETF, pamene ena (mwachitsanzo, H.323) omwe mwamwambo kugwirizana ndi telefoni Union International (ITU).

zinthu maukonde

SIP imalongosola wothandizila ndi malangizo, komanso mitundu ingapo ya zinthu maukonde Seva. Awiri SIP endpoints angathe kulankhula popanda zomangamanga aliyense wapakati. Komabe, njira imeneyi zambiri kosathandiza chifukwa mauthenga boma, chimene chimafuna akalozera utumiki kufufuza mfundo zikupezeka maukonde. SIP-protocol m'kaundula sangathe kupereka magwiridwe amenewa.

wothandizila wosuta

Wosuta wothandizila SIP (UA) ndi zomveka maukonde endpoints. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito kapena kulandira mauthenga, ndipo potero kulamulira SIP-gawo. SIP-UA ingagwire ntchito ya kasitomala wosuta wothandizila (UAC), umene umatumiza zopempha SIP ndi makina ake (UAS), amene alandira atafunsira ndi kubwerera ndimweko ayankhe. Nkhani kulamulira UAS imagwiridwa lokha pa SIP ndikupeleka.

telephony

SIP-telephony, Ndipotu, IP-telephony, yomwe zipangizo kasitomala ndi ntchito makina SIP-wosuta wothandizira. Komanso, amapereka miyambo telefoni options - oyimba, Answer, zopatuka posungira / kumasuka ndi kuitana kutumiza.

SIP-mafoni akhoza akuyendera monga chipangizo hardware kapena softphone a. Chifukwa opanga akugwiritsa ntchito protocol ili ngati nsanja muyezo telephony (zaposachedwapa - kudzera 4G), kusiyana hardware ndi mapulogalamu SIP-mafoni chikhazikitso kukhalabe anangotengeka. Komanso, zinthu za Gawo Chinamwali Protocol lero akuyendera ntchito zoyambirira za fimuweya ambiri zipangizo IP-chinathandiza. Zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana zipangizo kuchokera Nokia ndi BlackBerry, ndi SIP-protocol pa Android tsopano ndi utumiki singasiyanitsidwe.

Mu SIP, mu HTTP, nthumwi wosuta akhoza kumvetsa yokha ndi posts chamutu munda wogwiritsa-Mtumiki, munali kufotokoza lemba la mapulogalamu / hardware / zinthu. wosuta-wothandizira m'munda mu uthenga pempho imafalikira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kulandira SIP Seva mukhoza kuona zimenezi. zinthu Network Gawo Chinamwali Protocol nthawi zina angathe kusunga zomwe. Ndipo angakhale othandiza Kupeza Vuto mavuto ngakhale.