'Sitima Yapamtunda nkhondo'

Dikirani mauthenga sitima ya ntchito mdani-ang'ono zigawenga pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World anam'patsa msilikaliyo masiku olden, ndi saboteur yoponya mabomba. maganizo ake mothandizidwa ndi Mutu wa TSSHPD (chapakati Likulu la kayendedwe olimbanawo) msilikali General Ponomarenko, amene anawapatsa kwa Stalin ndipo anatilola awo kukhazikitsa.

Scale zigawenga zonyoza zimayenda ankatchedwa "Opaleshoni Sitima Yapamtunda nkhondo". Anaganiza kugwira kutsogolo kwa njira nkhondo wofunika kwambiri pa Kursk lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi. Madzulo a nkhondo imeneyi, chiŵerengero cha magulu ankhondo anali pafupi ofanana. Zotsatira zake za nkhondo pafunika kuti Mbali yaikulu pa momwe bwinobwino udzachitike asilikali kuzemba ntchito nkhokwe ndi, Chofunika kwambiri, kupereka zinthu kupereka asilikali ndi zonse zofunikira.

"Sitima Yapamtunda nkhondo" - linakonzedwa ndi chochitika. The malo maphunziro ndi masukulu zigawenga chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha akatswiri ophunzitsidwa kugwetsa ndi aphunzitsi.

Pakuti disabling mdani onse a zomangamanga njanji pamlingo umene zinakonzedwa, kunafuna nambala yaikulu detonators ndi mabomba yokha, omwe sanali zigaŵenga zankhondo. Wonjezerani mayunitsi ikuchitika mwa mphamvu losatha ndege.

"Sitima Yapamtunda nkhondo" anakonza kugwiritsa kutsogolo, utali umene ndi zikwi makilomita kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera ndi mazana asanu ndi makumi asanu makilomita kumadzulo akuya kum'mawa. Zosangalatsa akufuna mu masiteji atatu, omwe amayenera kwa masiku khumi ndi makumi atatu.

"Sitima Yapamtunda nkhondo" inayamba mu 1943, pa August 3. Kulumikizana mdani imodzi anaukira zigaŵenga zankhondo makumi anayi mphambu anayi.

Ponomarenko, pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo Starinov anayamba kudwala dongosolo yakeyake zinthu zotsutsana ndi boma. Ponomarenko ankaganiza kuti kunyanyala yowopsa pa echelons mdani zosayenera. Malinga ndi iye, zinali zokwanira kupangitsa kudziwa kutema njanji, kukumba njanji ntchito milandu yaing'ono. Motero, anakonza kulenga kusowa kwa njanji mayendedwe ku Germany ndi kugwa kwa dongosolo zoyendera kwa Kursk nkhondo.

Starinov Zikatero, kumbuyo mfundo yake maganizo, kukangana kuti echelons mdani wa cholinga njira. Ndiponso anawononga njanji basi zokwanira kuti achire poyerekeza akamaliza awononga chifukwa cha kugwa kwa sitima yapamtunda. Izi zingachititse chiwonongeko zambiri ambiri ndi zosokoneza mu gululi.

Chifukwa, mnyamata anatumizidwa ku likulu la Ukraine ndi Ponomarenko anapitiriza kukhazikitsa dongosolo lake.

Osati popanda mwambo wake miyambo Soviet. Ponomarenko anapereka dongosolo lolozeka mu chiwerengero kuchichepetsa njanji magulu zigawenga. Tikumbukenso kuti njira uku kwabweletsa zoipa. kuti onse amene atchulidwawa kukumba osati waukulu, komanso m'malo, komanso mayendedwe bwino kapena ayi konse kutetezedwa. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, atsogoleri ambiri amakonda kuti aphulitsa njira zazing'ono unexploited nthambi.

Pa nthawi yomweyo Germany anaphunzira msanga zokwanira kubwezeretsa "mfundo kuwonongeka," lomwe, ziyenera anati, kawirikawiri zosaposa 30-35 masentimita. Iwo anatulukira "njanji mlatho", umene superimposed pa dziko uwonongedwe. Kupanda zojambula Anazi ntchito kuchepetsa zina Belgium, nthambi Dutch.

Choncho, "Sitima Yapamtunda nkhondo" mu gawo loyamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka Ziwerengero osiyana kwambiri kuti ambiri Army Red kuposa Germany.

Pakuti wachiwiri ndi wachitatu siteji ya utsogoleri wa gulu la zigaŵenga watenga nkhani cholakwa. nthawi iyi si ikuchitika umodzi "mfundo" mabomba, ndi yakuwadzudzumisa njanji pa malo aakulu, kuwononga sleepers. Mu December 1943, gawo lachitatu.

Ngakhale zolakwa za, "Sitima Yapamtunda nkhondo" kuchepetsa ikakhala yaikulu, wochokera ku Europe ku East, oposa 30%.