Social ndi kulankhula chitukuko. ndi socialization wa ana a zaka sukulu Kodi

Socialization ndi zovuta njira chikhalidwe ndi maganizo ndi munthu ndi kuloŵerera a chidziwitso, malamulo ndi mfundo zimene tanthauzo monga membala zonse za anthu. Ndi ndondomeko mosalekeza ndi chofunika moyo mulingo woyenera umunthu.

Socialization wa ana a zaka sukulu mu dongosolo GEF kuti

Malinga la feduro mkhalidwe mfundo maphunziro a maphunziro sukulu (GEF), socialization ndi kulankhula angathe kukwaniritsa umunthu sukulu ankaona ngati m'dera limodzi maphunziro - Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe ndi chitukuko kulankhula. Monga umene wafala wa Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe imalimbikitsa malo ochezera.

zinthu zazikulu za socialization

socialization ndondomeko limayamba ndi maonekedwe a munthu padziko lapansi, ndipo akupitiriza mpaka mapeto a moyo wake.

Mbaliyi mbali ziwiri:

• ndi kuloŵerera zinachitikira chikhalidwe cha munthu likuvutika kulowa ake mu dongosolo chikhalidwe ubale chikhalidwe;
• yogwira kubalana a dongosolo ubale chikhalidwe cha munthu mu ndondomeko likhale malo achitukuko.

socialization kapangidwe

Ponena za socialization, tikulimbana ndi kosangalatsa ena pa zimene chikhalidwe cha mfundo ndi maganizo ndi nkhani yeniyeni. Komanso, munthu yekha ndi yogwira phunziro la maganizo ndi zinachitikira ntchito. The Gawo la socialization lavomerezedwa kuti kulanda zimadalira chikhalidwe chathu ndi mabungwe chikhalidwe (banja, sukulu, etc.), komanso ndondomeko ya chikoka tonse anthu mu chimango cha zochitika olowa. Choncho, mwa madera kuti zikhoza kuyankhulidwa socialization ndondomeko, kuonetsetsa ntchito, kulankhulana ndi kudzikonda kuzindikira. Pakuti madera onsewa kuli kukula kwa ubale wa anthu chilengedwe.

ntchito mbali

Lingaliro la AN ntchito Leontiev mu kuwerenga maganizo ndi anzake yogwira wa munthu ndi zoona zake zenizeni ozungulira, imene mutu lolunjika pa zimakhudza chinthu, motero zinthu zofunika. Activities kusiyanitsa pa muyezo zingapo: njira kukhazikitsa, mawonekedwe, nkhawa maganizo, ndi njira zina zokhudza thupi.

Koma chachikulu pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zochitika ndi nkhani limatchula kuti zikhoza kuyankhulidwa kapena kuti mtundu wa ntchito. Mutu wa ntchitoyi kuchita zinthu zakuthupi ndi mawonekedwe wangwiro. Choncho aliyense chinthu deta m'pofunika lolozeka. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti aliyense mtundu umodzi wa ntchito sangaonekerenso popanda cholinga chabwino. Unmotivated ntchito, mwa mawu a AN Leontiev, ndi lingaliro makonzedwe. Kunena zoona, zolinga akadali choncho, komabe mukhoza kuchita zobisika.

Chifukwa cha ntchito zonse zimapanga zochita zosiyana (njira chimafotokozera cholinga amazindikira).

Mbali kulankhulana

Mbali kulankhulana ndi munda wa ntchito ndi zogwirizana kwambiri. Ena mfundo maganizo kulankhulana kuoneka ngati ntchito mbali. Pa nthawi yomweyo ntchito kumachititsa mavuto ndondomeko kulankhulana angathe kuchitidwa. The ndondomeko ya patsogolo kulankhulana munthu chikuchitika mu njira ya kuwonjezeka ojambula ake ndi anthu ena. kulankhula izi, nayenso angathe kuikidwa mu ndondomeko ya kukhazikitsa zochita zosiyanasiyana olowa - ndiko njira yachibadwa ya malonda.

ojambula mlingo mu socialization wa munthu anatsimikiza ndi makhalidwe aliyense payekha maganizo. udindo nalonso zaka limatchula za phunziro la kulankhulana. Kukulitsa kulankhulana ikuchitika mu ndondomeko ya decentration (kosangalatsa kwa monologic kuti dialogic mawonekedwe). Munthuyo amaphunzira kuganizira mnzanuyo pa lachindunji kuposa maganizo ake ndi kuwunika.

Chithunzi cha chikumbumtima

The Mbali yachitatu ya socialization, kudzikonda adzadziwire aumbike mwa mapangidwe kudzikonda kwake fano. Icho chinakhazikitsidwa experimentally kuti kudziletsa zithunzi yanthanda pa munthu nthawi yomweyo, koma anapanga mu moyo wake mchikakamizo cha zinthu zothandiza anthu. Kapangidwe ka I-munthu zikuphatikizapo zigawo zitatu: kudziletsa chidziwitso (chigawo chidziwitso), wounikira yokha (maganizo) Maganizo wekha (khalidwe).

Amakhala Mzimuyo kumvetsa za umunthu lenilenilo monga ngati kukhulupirika, kuzindikira umunthu wawo yekha. Kukula kwa amakhala mu njira ya socialization ndi ndondomeko ankalamulira, ikuchitika mu ndondomeko ya kupeza zinachitikira chikhalidwe mu uthunthu zambiri pa ntchito ndi kulankhulana. Choncho, kudzikonda chitukuko simungakhoze kutenga malo kunja ntchito nthawi zonse ikuchitika kusintha kwa zithunzi munthu okha mogwirizana ndi chifaniziro cha akutulukira pamaso pa ena.

The ndondomeko ya socialization, motero, ayenera kutengedwa ku mawonedwe a mgwirizano mmalo atatu - ntchito ngati ndi kulankhulana ndi kudzikonda kuzindikira.

Features wa Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe ndi kulankhula mu m'badwo sukulu

Social ndi kulankhula chitukuko cha ana sukulu ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika m'dongosolo umunthu mapangidwe mwanayo. The ndondomeko ya ntchito mogwirizana ndi akulu ndi anzawo zimakhudza mwachindunji ndi mbali ya chikhalidwe cha mwana wamng'ono, komanso mapangidwe njira zake maganizo (kukumbukira, maganizo, chinenero, ndi ena.). Mlingo wa chitukuko zaka sukulu ndi mwachindunji njila kwa dzuwa la anatengera ake wotsatira anthu.

Social ndi kulankhula chitukuko ya GEF ana sukulu zikuphatikizapo mungachite zotsatirazi:

• mlingo wa chitukuko cha kudzimva m'banja lawo, ena ulemu;
• mlingo wa chitukuko cha mogwirizana ndi mwana ndi akulu ndi achinyamata;
• mlingo wa chibvomerezo wa mwana kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi anzawo;
• mlingo wa kuloŵerera wa Zamakhalidwe malamulo ndi abwino kukula kwa mwanayo;
• mlingo wa chipiliro ndi chodzidalira;
• mlingo wa mapangidwe maganizo abwino kwa ntchito ndi zilandiridwenso;
• mlingo wa chilengedwe kudziwa m'munda wa umoyo ndi chitetezo (zosiyanasiyana zikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe);
• mlingo wa kukula m'nzeru (chikhalidwe ndi maganizo dera) ndi chitukuko cha chifundo dera (chisoni, chifundo).

misinkhu kachulukidwe wa Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe ndi kulankhula za ana sukulu

Malinga mlingo wa chitukuko cha luso lomwe chimatanthauza chikhalidwe ndi kulankhula chitukuko ya GEF, tingasiyanitsire otsika, sing'anga ndi kofunikira kwambiri.

Mkulu mlingo, motero, kukuchitika pakubweranso digiri yapamwamba ya magawo chitukuko taonazi. Pankhaniyi, mmodzi wa chilengedwe kuwapangitsa Pankhaniyi chinthu chosowa mavuto m'munda wa kulankhulana mwana ndi akulu ndi anzawo. Wamphamvu ntchito za chikhalidwe ubale m'banja sukulu. Komanso ndi zotsatira zabwino pa ntchito ndi chikhalidwe-wochezeka kukula kwa mwanayo.

Mlingo avareji liwulo chikhalidwe ndi kulankhula chitukuko, yodziwika ndi kulephera kwa mapangidwe luso zina mwa zizindikiro zimene angasankhe, kupoletsa Nayenso mavuto mwana zoyankhulirana ndi ena. Komabe, kupanda kukula kwa mwanayo chingathandize awo, ndi thandizo achikulire. Ambiri, ndondomeko atuluka socialization ndi osiyana.

Poyankha, chikhalidwe ndi kulankhula chitukuko cha ana sukulu ndi pamlingo wochepa wa mawu a ena mwa magawo anasankha akhoza kupanga kutsutsana ndithu m'munda wa kulankhulana ana ndi banja lake komanso anthu ena. Pankhaniyi, ndi preschooler sangathe kupirira vuto ndekha - amafuna thandizo la akulu, kuphatikizapo zamaganizo ndi ogwira ntchito zothandiza anthu.

Mulimonsemo, ndi socialization wa ana a zaka sukulu amafuna yokonza zonse ndi nthawi polojekiti ndi makolo a mwanayo, ndi bungwe maphunziro.

Social ndi kulankhula yamtunduwu wa mwana

Social ndi kulankhula chitukuko sukulu umalimbana osauka yamtunduwu chikhalidwe ndi kulankhula ana. Okwana pali atatu competencies pachimake kuti ayenera katswiri mwana mkati zokakamiza: luso, mudziwe, chikhalidwe ndi kulankhula.

Nayenso yamtunduwu chikhalidwe ndi kulankhula zikuphatikizapo zinthu ziwiri:

1. Social - chiŵerengero cha zikhumbo yekha ndi zolinga za ena; mogwirizana lapansi ndi gulu amene kugawana cholinga wamba.
2. Kulankhula - luso kupeza zofunika mu ndondomeko kukambirana; wofunitsitsa kuti mupereke ndi kuteteza mfundo zawo maganizo ndi ulemu mwachindunji udindo wa ena; luso logwiritsa ntchito zipangizo izi mu ndondomeko kulankhulana kwa yankho la mavuto ena.

dongosolo yodziyimira payokha mu mapangidwe yamtunduwu chikhalidwe ndi kulankhula

Social ndi kulankhula chitukuko mwa kukhazikitsidwa maphunziro zikuwoneka zoyenera kutsatira malinga ndi zigawo izi: zachipatala, PMPC gawo (maganizo, mankhwala ndi pedagogical upo) ndi diagnostics, maganizo, pedagogical, chikhalidwe ndi pedagogical. The ntchito pa mndandanda wa unit zachipatala, ndiye, ngati anatengera bwino ana PMPC gawo. zigawo zina kuthamanga pa nthawi yomweyo ndi kupitiriza ntchito limodzi ndi unit zachipatala ndi PMPC, mpaka kutuluka kwa ana ku sukulu.

Aliyense wa zigawo za zikusonyeza akatswiri enieni, bwino zinthu mogwirizana ndi zolinga anafuna za gawo. The ndondomeko ya zimene zimachitika pakati pa iwo ikuchitika ndi kasamalidwe gawo kuti amayang'anira ntchito za mabungwe onse. Choncho, chikhalidwe ndi kulankhula chitukuko cha ana ali thandizo misinkhu zonse zofunikira - thupi, maganizo ndi chikhalidwe.

Zosiyanasiyana za ana a sukulu mkati gawo PMPC

Monga mbali ya maganizo, mankhwala ndi pedagogical mukambilana, zomwe kawirikawiri zikuphatikizapo onse olamuliridwa ndi ndondomeko maphunziro a sukulu (. Aphunzitsi, akatswiri a maganizo, Ngopambana mkulu namwino, ndi ena), Iwo m'pofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pa ana m'magulu awa:

• ana ndi amadwaladwala thupi;
• ana a gulu chiopsezo (hyperactive, aukali, anatseka, ndi ena).
• ana ndi mavuto kuphunzira;
• ana ndi luso kutchulidwa mu dera;
• ana amene alibe mbali pa chitukuko.

Limodzi mwa mavuto a ntchito ndi aliyense anasankha magulu typological ndi kukhala wokhoza chikhalidwe ndi kulankhula monga munthu siyana zofunika kwambiri, zomwe kuthandiza kumunda maphunziro.

Social ndi kulankhula chitukuko - makhalidwe amphamvu. Cholinga cha upo ndi kukhala ndi njira yolongosoka mphamvu mu mawu a chitukuko ogwirizana. The upo yoyenera ayenera idzachitika pa magulu onse sukulu, kuphatikizapo wokhutira ndi Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe-wochezeka. The gulu pakati Mwachitsanzo, mu njira ya dongosolo ali nawo mu dongosolo ubale chikhalidwe mwa ntchito zotsatirazi:

• chitukuko cha ntchito Masewero ;
• kulimbikitsa malamulo zikuluzikulu ndi malamulo a maubwenzi mwanayo ndi akulu ndi achinyamata;
• mapangidwe kukonda kwambiri dziko lawo la mwana ndi banja ndi fuko.

Kugwiritsa ntchito izi mu sukulu ayenera kukhala magawo wapadera Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe ndi chitukuko kulankhula. Pa nthawi imeneyi kusintha kwa ubale wa mwanayo kwa ena, komanso luso okha.