Sol Bellou: yonena ndi chithunzi

Nobel Prize wopambana, ndi novelist chabwino cha m'ma 20, American wolemba Sol Bellou anakhala ndi moyo wautali kwambiri ndi wolemera moyo kulenga. Pa mabuku ake angapo mibadwo ya okonda khalidwe mabuku. Mawu ake ndi mabuku akugwirabe ntchito mpaka pano, ndi mbiri ndi chidwi.

Banja ndi Childhood

Sol Bellou anabadwa June 10, 1915, mu mzinda waung'ono ku Canada a Lachine pafupi Montreal. banja kwa zaka ziwiri kale anasamuka ku St. Petersburg pofunafuna moyo wabwino. Poyamba, dzina la mnyamata linali Solomoni Belouz. Banja anali Myuda-Chilituyaniya mizu, bambo anga anali pakati pa Ayuda, choncho anapereka mnyamata bwino dzina Chiheberi. Koma kenako bwino cigawo ku America anthu mwana Abraham Belouz adzafupikitsidwa dzina ndi dzina la mwanayo. Choncho panali Sol Bellou. Mu St. Petersburg, banja anali wolemera kwambiri, koma emigration a kwambiri kumva moyo wake. Bambo wa wolemba tsogolo kupanga mu malonda malasha, ndi mayi wake ntchito yophika ndi chotsukira mbale. Banja ndi ana anayi, wamng'ono amene Saulo. Moyo wanga wonse ine ndayesera kuti makolo ndi kuphunzitsa ana. Abraham Amakweza iye Chicago kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino m'banja. Saulo anakulira mu mzinda ndipo akunena kuti ndi Chicagoans woona. Iye anasonyeza adakali zizolowezi anthu, kale monga mwana analankhula zinenero zosiyanasiyana ndipo ankakonda kuwerenga. Mu zaka zinayi, iye katswiri Chiheberi ndi kwanthawizonse m'chikondi ndi Baibulo. Pamene Sauli anali ndi zaka 9, anadwala kwambiri ndipo anadwala, pa nthawi iyi, iye kuwerenga kwambiri mabuku abwino. Pamene mnyamatayo anali ndi zaka 17, amayi ake anamwalira, iye anali odandaula za izi kwa zaka zambiri.

mapangidwe

Ngakhale kuti kuyambira ubwana Sauli ankakonda kuwerenga ndi angafune kuphunzira mabuku, iye anasankha kuyamba wake njira chosiyana malangizo. Iye analeredwa m'mabanja yachipembedzo amphamvu, mayi analota kuti iye akhale woyimba zeze kapena rabbi, koma Sauli kusankha njira zosiyanasiyana. Nditamaliza sukulu, iye analembetsa ku yunivesite, koma osati pa Dipatimenti ya English Literature, ngati panali kupezeka kwa amaganiza amphamvu odana ndi Ayuda, ndipo mphamvu ya Anthropology ndi Chaanthu. Koma pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri, mu mawu ake, "inasanduka yatsekera mu Chicago" ndipo umasamutsidwa ku University kumpoto ku Illinois. Mu 1937, iye analandira digiri yoyamba. Kenako anapitiriza maphunziro ake pa yunivesite ya Wisconsin. Patapita zaka zingapo sukulu ku yunivesite, iye ankagwira ntchito yophunzitsa m'masukulu osiyanasiyana, koma nthawi kusiya nthaŵi yaitali maloto mwana.

akuitanira

Monga mnyamata, Sol Bellou buku G. Beecher Stowe a "kanyumba Amalume Tom," ndipo zokhala wolemba. Komabe, njira kwa malotowo yaitali limodzi. Atangotha maphunziro, anayamba kufalitsa ndemanga zawo za zatsopano ndi mabuku yomasulira malemba Ayuda. Ntchito ya aphunzitsi, Bellow analemba buku lake loyamba, "Pakati Zakumwamba ndi Dziko Lapansi", umene iye bwino wokongola lalikulu kupereka. buku walembedwa mu mawonekedwe a tsikulo munthu amene sangathe kumva ambiri kukonda dziko lako mzimu wokhawokha anthu onse panthawi ya nkhondo. nkhaniyi za munthu wamba kuyesera kusunga umphumphu Pawokha ake pamene kaphatikizidwe mu anthu. Iye akuyesera kuti akhale m'gulu la anthu, koma analephera. Mutu kusunga awo "Ine" pansi kuthamanga makina zokhudza chikhalidwe, makhalidwe abwino adzakhala zofunika kwambiri mu ntchito ya Sola Bellou. bwino sikunapangitse ufulu chuma, zaka zingapo wolemba ntchito ku University of Minnesota.

wolemba njira

Mu 1947, Bellow anamasulidwa buku lake lachiwiri - "Anasokonezeka" omwe akupitiriza mutu yosungira adziwane pansi kuthamanga a anthu. Komanso apa pali zofunika mzere wachiwiri, limene wolemba kukhazikitsa - ichi ndi vuto la Anti-Semitism. Sauli mobwerezabwereza anakumana ndi chakuti mtundu wake anali kukhala chopinga kwa moyo wake ukadaulo ndi moyo. Mu 1948, wolemba amalandira mphoto Guggenheim, zomwe zinamuthandiza kuti asiye ntchitoyo kusamukira ku Paris ndi kupeza ntchito pa buku "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Augie March". Sol Bellou izo kachiwiri wakweza nkhani ya osamuka Ayuda ndi mavuto a makhalidwe abwino kufufuza njira. buku la imatengedwa tingachipeze powerenga picaresque buku la US, ndipo ofufuza ena kuzitcha izo chilengedwe yabwino ya wolemba. Akagwira ntchito Bellow adzakhala wodziwika ndi munthu wolemera kwambiri kupereka nthawi zambiri mabuku. Koma akupitiriza kuphunzitsa. Pakuti nthawi zina ankagwira ntchito mu New York, Puerto Rico, koma mu 1964 anabwerera kumzinda ubwana wake - Chicago. Apa anayamba kugwira ntchito pa University, luso kulenga ndi wolemba ntchito mu ntchito interdepartmental pa lingaliro chikhalidwe. Kwa zaka 30, iye ndi katswiri wa yunivesite imeneyi, kuthandiza luso olemba amakalowa mu mabuku ndi moyo. Bellow anakonda Chicago, iye ananena kuti akuona kunyumba kuno. Apa iye ankakhala ndi anthu bwino ndi malo: anzanuwo, oyandikana anzake. Iye nthawi zonse anali kukambirana ndi bwenzi lake - wafilosofi Allan pachimake.

Mu 1964 anafalitsa latsopano Roma Bellou - "Duke" amene amatenga ansangala owerenga olandiridwa ndi otsutsa. Nkhani ya yunivesite, otanganidwa kufunafuna cholinga cha moyo, wolemba kuvala ndime ndi olemba aakulu monga Joyce, Updike, Tolstoy. Pa mbiri yake yolenga Bellow analemba 14 Kunena zazikulu novellas, masewero ndi zopereka angapo nkhani yochepa, komanso 4 zopelekedwa ntchito.

pang'ono A kukumbukira olemba amene akupitiriza kupanga kuti ukalamba pa mlingo chomwecho. Izi mwayi anafotokoza Sol Bellou. "Ravelshteyn" - buku lomaliza la wolemba - anabwera mu 2000, pamene anali ndi zaka 85. Mu bukhu akuuza nkhani ya bwenzi lake wakhala nthawi yaitali A. pachimake, komanso kuzindikira mbali yaikulu ndi prototypes ena odziwika. Buku akuganizira mavuto Bellow ambiri a pano pa nkhani ya nthanthi lonse.

Mu 1993, mlembi ndi banja lake anasamukira ku Boston, anapeza ntchito pa University. Apa anamaliza ulendo wake.

The wolemba kalembedwe

Wolemba mChipangano mmodzi wa stylists bwino mabuku American. Wake ndi kumverera mochenjera kulankhula ndi luso kupeza chimake ngati wamaganizo, amene sasiya owerenga osayanjanitsika. Books Bellow ndi chitsanzo cha wapadera mabuku kugwirizana highbrow, kumalire ndi dziko la zolemba nzeru zaumunthu, prose ndi nkhani zochititsa chidwi kuti amasunga chidwi owerenga lonse nkhani. Pakati pa upamwamba mabuku American, malo chachiwiri pambuyo Faulkner mbe wokha ngati Sol Bellou. "The Duke", "Ravelshteyn", "Augie March" anakhala kwa America mchitidwe singasiyanitsidwe ndi katundu chawo.

Best mabuku

Wolemba atatchuka pambuyo kutulutsidwa kwa buku lake loyamba, ntchito yake buku si chachikulu chotere Komabe, pafupifupi mankhwala - mwaluso kwenikweni. Nkhani "GWIRITSANI mphindi" Sol Bellou anamasulidwa mu 1956, ndipo akhala kwambiri mfundo za mitu ankakonda woyambitsa ndi madyerero. Buku limafotokoza nkhani ya nthumwi ankaikira mbadwo wa 50s, amene akuyesetsa kupeza njira zake. Iye kudutsa nthawi zovuta ndi adzabwera ndi kudziwa kuti tili ndi moyo lero. wolemba sapereka maphikidwe, ndipo kumaphatikizapo owerenga mu chinyezimiro olowa ndi kufufuza choonadi. ophunzira American Tingaone mu mizere woyamba wa mndandanda wa mabuku, chofunika kuwerenga, zotsatirazi: ". Henderson cha Mvula King" Sol Bellou Bukuli kukhala imodzi mwa ntchito zabwino a wolemba nkhani imeneyi tragicomic analandira ziyenera apamwamba owerenga ndi otsutsa, amene si kawirikawiri. Buku "Mphatso Humboldt" mu 1975 udachita iye Pulitzer Prize ndi kuzindikira lonse. wolemba buku waika mu angapo zapamwamba zaka mazana makumi awiri.

Mphotho ndi mphoto

Sol Bellou, amene Mabuku kuwerenga dziko lonse, kwa moyo wake walandira mphoto zambiri. Iye yekha mbiri ya mabuku American anali katatu kupereka ya National Literature linapereka, ndipo mu 1976 analandira ndi Pulitzer Prize. Ndipo m'chaka chomwecho iye analandira mmodzi wa mphoto lapamwamba pa dziko - maulemu chifukwa chogwira Literature. Mamembala a Komiti ya Nobel kudziŵika kuti wolemba anali kupereka mphoto kwa kusanthula mochenjera chikhalidwe chi, ndi malowedwe a anthu. Iye analinso kupereka dongosolo la Legiyo Ulemu (France), ndi Zikho National wa luso (USA), ndipo mphoto zingapo zolembalemba.

makoti wotchuka

Sol Bellou, zochokera mabuku zokhudza mozama ndi nzeru, lotchedwa wolemba ndi ozindikira. Iye amakhala mawu ambiri odziwika bwino, makamaka mawu akuti: "Anthu kufotokoza chilakolako awo ndi m'mene amawawidwira ena" ndi "Kunyong'onyeka - wamphamvu. Akatopa asiya yokha, kuposa wonyalanyaza kunyong'onyeka. Inabala amachititsa ulemu "kwa March ndi chisembwere; "Mukudziwa bwanji kuti asamalire yekha, ndi kotero kudzakhala kopindulitsa anthu onse" a "Pakati Kumwamba ndi dziko lapansi" "Munthu wobadwa wamasiye ndi wamasiye zina" za "Herzog" ndi ena ambiri.

moyo

Sol Bellou anali munthu zachilendo. Iye ankaimba vayolini, anali kukonda masewera, kucheza ndi nzeru ena apadera ndipo anali admirer lalikulu la akazi. Bellow anakwatiwa nthawi 5, ku mabanja osiyanasiyana anali ndi ana anayi. Choyamba mkazi - Anita Goshkin - anabala mwana wake Greg, amene anakhala yamaganizo, koma moyo wake wonse asakhululukire bambo ake zimene iye anaponya amake, ngakhale analemba memoir za chikhalidwe lowopsya la wolemba. Ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri, Anna Chakbasovoy, Bellow anakhala chaka chimodzi chokha, ndipo mu ukwati, nayenso anali ndi mwana wamwamuna - Adam. Iye anatsatira mapazi a bambo wake, anakhala mkonzi osati wolemba bwino kwambiri. Chachitatu mkazi - Susan Glassman, ndi amenenso moyo kwa nthawi yochepa. Kuyambira Alexandra - mkazi wachinayi - ukwati chinatenga pafupifupi zaka 10. Last, mkazi chachisanu - Dzhenis Fridman - anabereka mwana wamkazi Bellow, pamene anali ndi zaka 84. Iye anayamba mu 2005 mkazi wamasiye wake. Sol Bellou anafa April 6, 2005, sanakhale moyo pang'ono ndithu pamaso ninetieth lapansi.