Strontium 90: theka la moyo. Strontium - radionuclide

Mu 1787, pafupi ndi malo a Strontian a ku Scottish, komwe kunali mgodi wopanga migodi, mchere wosadziwika unali utapezeka mpaka nthawi imeneyo. Polemekeza mudziwu, unkatchedwa strontianite. Ndipo dzina la mankhwala element of strontium linaperekedwa ndi asayansi kulemekeza mcherewu. Kodi katundu wake ndi wotani, kuposa mankhwalawa angakhale othandiza kapena owopsa?

Maphunziro oyambirira a strontium

Atapeza kuti strontianite, asayansi amati mchere uwu ndi magulu osiyanasiyana. Ena amaganiza kuti anali a fluorites, ena ankaganiza kuti ndi Witherites. Komabe, kufotokozedwa pang'ono ponena za mankhwalawa kunayambitsidwa ndi katswiri wa zamagetsi wa ku Scott T. Hop. Pa nthawi imeneyo kunalibe kudziwika kuti chinthu chophunzirira chingakhale ndi theka la moyo. Strontius nayenso anafunika kuphunzira katswiri wamatsenga A. Lavoisier, komanso Humphry Davy. Chothandizira kwambiri pakupezeka kwa chinthu ichi chinapangidwenso ndi wasayansi wa ku Russia Toby Lovitz. Iye, mosasamala kanthu ndi anzake a Kumadzulo ake, adapeza kuti chitsulocho chimalemera kwambiri.

Nthano yochepa. Kodi hafu ya moyo ndi yotani?

Aliyense amadziwa kuti lero ma radionuclide amatchedwa radioactive isotopes. Kodi hafu ya moyo ndi yotani? Ma radionuclides amasiyana ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala zosakhazikika. Pakapita nthawi, amawonongeka - pali njira yowonongeka kwa radioactive. Panthawi imeneyi, nuclei amasandulika ku ma isotopu ena, ndipo kutuluka kwa dzuwa kumatuluka. Ma radionuclides osiyanasiyana ali ndi kusiyana kosavuta. Pali isotopi yaifupi ndi ya nthawi yaitali. Kukhala kanthawi kochepa kumathamanga mofulumira: zimatenga masekondi, masiku kapena miyezi. Anthu a nthawi yayitali akusowa mazana, zikwi, ndipo nthawizina mabiliyoni a zaka. Ziribe kanthu kuti isotopi zambiri zimatengedwa, kuti aswe theka la mankhwala ake, nthawi zonse zimatenga nthawi inayake - imatchedwa hafu ya moyo.

Kodi ndi theka la moyo wa strontium-90?

Monga momwe zimadziwira, ma radionuclides ndi isotopes ndi zinthu zoopsa kwambiri zathanzi. Pankhani ya strontium, ziphuphu zake zotetezeka sizowopsa kwa anthu. Koma isotope ya radioactive ikhoza kuwononga moyo wonse. Chifukwa chake imodzi mwa mitundu yoopsa ya strontium - strontium-90 - ndi yoopsa ndi ya hafu ya moyo. Strontium-90 kuwonongeka mu zaka 29, ndipo njirayi nthawi zonse imaphatikizidwa ndi kutulutsa mphamvu zochuluka zedi. Izi zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezereka kuphatikizana ndi machitidwe a zamoyo ndikukhala ndi magetsi.

Zida za strontium

Mu mlengalenga, strontium mwamsanga imayambiranso ndi madzi, yokutidwa ndi filimu yowirira chikasu. Mu mawonekedwe ake aulere chinthu ichi sichiti chichitike. Malo ake aakulu kwambiri amapezeka ku Russia, Arizona, California (USA). Strontium ndizitsulo zofewa kwambiri - n'zosavuta kudula ndi mpeni wophweka. Koma malo ake osungunuka ndi 768 ° C. Alloys, kuphatikizapo strontium, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu pyrotechnics. Ndiponso chinthu ichi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kubwezeretsa uranium.

Kulowera kwa strontium kukhala zamoyo

Malinga ndi mankhwala ake, strontium ndi yofanana ndi yachibadwa calcium - izi zimakhala ndi analog yake. Strontium-90 imayikidwa mwamsanga m'magazi a mafupa, mano, komanso mu zakumwa. Pamapeto pake, mwana wamkazi wa yttrium-90 amapangidwanso, omwe ali ndi hafu yaifupi. Strontium muyesoyi silingathe kufanana ndi yttrium-90, yomwe imatha m'maola 64 okha.

Yttrium-90 amatha kutulutsa magawo a beta. Amathanso kugwiritsira ntchito minofu ya mafupa ndi fupa, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Pogonjetsedwa ndi mphamvu yowunikira mu zamoyo zilizonse, kusintha kwakukulu kwa thupi kumapezeka. Mapulogalamu a mawonekedwe amasintha, mawonekedwe a maselo amasokonezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa kagayidwe kake. Choncho, funso lomwe moyo wa hafu wa strontium-90 sakhala wovuta konse. Pamapeto pake, izi zimayambitsa khansa ya magazi (khansa ya m'magazi) ndi mafupa. Ndipo amatha kuwonetsa mphamvu ya DNA ndi majini.

Kufalikira kwachilengedwe

Kutenga ndi strontium-90 kumachitika kanthawi kochepa, popeza ili ndi theka la moyo waufupi kwambiri. Strontium, yomwe inapangidwa pambuyo pa masoka achilengedwe, imafalitsidwa kudzera m'madera ozungulira zakudya, chifukwa imayambitsa nthaka ndi madzi. Zitsambazi zimangowonjezera mosavuta nyama ndi anthu. Kuchokera pansi, strontium-90 imalowa mwamsanga thupi la nyama, zomera, ndiyeno nkulowa mu thupi la anthu omwe amadya zakudya zonyansa. Kuonjezera apo, isotope imatha kugunda chabe nyama, koma imatumizanso ana ake opunduka. Strontium-90 imaperekedwanso ndi mkaka wa mayi kwa mwana.

Iyi isotope imagwira mbali yogwira ntchito ya zomera. Mwa iwo, chinthucho chimabwera kuchokera ku dothi kupyolera mu mizu. Mitengo yamitengo imeneyi imabzala mbewu zambiri monga nyemba, mbewu ndi tubers. M'thupi la munthu, strontium imapezeka makamaka m'magazi. Ndili ndi zaka, kuchuluka kwa stertium kumatsika. Mwa amuna, isotope imapezekanso kuposa akazi.

Isotopu yoopsa kwambiri

Pamodzi ndi cesium-137, strontium-90 ndi imodzi mwa zowopsya komanso zamphamvu zowononga ma radioactive omwe ali ndi theka la moyo. Strontium-90 nthawi zambiri imagwera ku chilengedwe chifukwa cha ngozi ku zitsamba zamagetsi, komanso kuyesa kwa nyukiliya. Zinthu zimakhala zovuta chifukwa chakuti kukhalapo kwa isotopu ndi kovuta kwambiri kudziwa ngakhale mu nthaka zitsanzo. Mosiyana ndi cesium, kuwala kwa gamma komwe kumakhala kosavuta kuzindikira, pafupifupi sabata amafunika kudziwa zomwe zili strontium-90 m'nthaka.

Pa phunziro lotero, asayansi amayesa nthaka kapena zinthu zaulimi mwanjira yapadera, ndipo pokhapokha munthu akhoza kunena ngati pali strontium mu chitsanzo ichi. Njira imeneyi si yoyenera pakakhala kofunikira kufotokoza kuchuluka kwake kwa isotopu yomwe imapangidwa ndi thupi la munthu. Akatswiri ofufuza a ku Belarusian anatulukira chisoti chapadera chomwe chimalemba mafilimu a beta.

Chinthu chophatikizana chogwirizana-90

Zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi izi ndizitsulo cesium-137 ndi strontium-90. Theka la zaka 30 ali ndi cesium-137. Pokhala ndi ngozi za poizoni, zinthu ziwirizi zimapangitsa mavuto ambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti pangozi yaikulu ya ngozi ya Chernobyl, gamma-yogwira cesium ndi wolakwa kwambiri kuposa strontium. Poyang'ana miyoyo ya theka la zinthu izi, tikhoza kunena kuti ziyenera kutenga zaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi isanafike izi zisudzo zisakhalebe m'madera a Chernobyl.

Mbali za isotope theka la moyo

Pa mankhwala aliwonse a isotope, nthawi ya moyo wa theka ndi yofotokozedwa bwino. Strontium-90 ili ndi zaka 28. Komabe, izi sizikutanthauza kuti maatomu ake onse adzatha pambuyo pa zaka 56. Komanso, chiwerengero choyambirira cha isotope sichitha. Panthawi yovunda, strontium ina ingasinthe, kutembenukira ku zinthu zowala. Ngati theka la moyo wa radioactive strontium ndi zaka 28, izi zikutanthauza zotsatirazi.

Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, theka la chiwerengero choyambirira cha isotope chidzatsala. Ngakhale patatha zaka 28 - kotala ndi zina zotero. Zikuoneka kuti strontium ikhoza kuipitsa chilengedwe kwa zaka zambiri. Asayansi ena akuzungulira chiwerengero ichi, kusonyeza kuti theka la moyo wa strontium ndi zaka 29. Kupyolera mu nthawiyi, theka la mankhwala amakhalabe, koma izi ndi zokwanira kulola kuti strontium ipitirire kupyola ngoziyo.