Kulandira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi. Njira ndi ntchito zamadzi

Madzi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Popanda izo, palibe ziwalo zamoyo zomwe zingakhale zopanda kanthu, komanso, chifukwa cha izo, zinayambira pa dziko lathu lapansi. M'mayiko osiyana munthu amathera mamita 30 mpaka 5,000 a madzi pa chaka. Kodi phindu lake ndi lotani? Ndi njira ziti zopezera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito madzi?

Ikutizungulira ife paliponse

Madzi ndiwo chinthu chofala kwambiri pa dziko lapansi ndipo sikuti chimakhala chotsiriza mlengalenga. Malinga ndi maonekedwe ndi katundu, ndizovuta ndi zofewa, nyanja, brackish ndi mwatsopano, kuwala, zolemetsa ndi zopambana.

Izi hydrogen oksidi - gawo lopangidwa, lokhazikika pamadzi, alibe fungo, palibe kukoma. Pang'onopang'ono kakang'ono kansalu, madziwo ndi osabala, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwake kungakhale ndi mdima wonyezimira komanso wobiriwira.

Zimalimbikitsa zokhudzana ndi machitidwe ambiri, kuzifulumizitsa. Mu thupi la munthu madzi ali pafupifupi 70%. Kukhala m'maselo a zinyama ndi zomera zonse, zimalimbikitsa kuchepetsa thupi, kutentha thupi komanso ntchito zina zofunika.

M'madera atatuwa, amatizungulira ponseponse, kutenga mbali mu zinthu zachilengedwe. Mu mawonekedwe a nthunzi ya madzi, iyo ilipo mlengalenga. Kuchokera pamenepo, kumabwera pamwamba pa dziko lapansi ngati mphepo (ayezi, dzenje, mvula, chisanu, chipale chofewa, mame, etc.). Imagwa m'mitsinje ndi m'nyanja kuchokera kumwamba, ndipo imalowa m'madzi. Patatha nthawi imakhala ikuuluka kuchokera pamwamba, ndikulowa mumlengalenga ndi kutseka bwalolo.

Chinthu chachikulu cha Dziko lapansi

Madzi onse padziko lapansi ndi pansi pa nthaka, kuphatikizapo mpweya wa mlengalenga, amaphatikizapo lingaliro la hydrosphere, kapena chipolopolo cha madzi. Mphamvu yake ili pafupifupi makilomita 1,4 miliyoni.

Pafupifupi 71% amagwera pa Nyanja ya World - chipolopolo chopitirirabe chomwe chikuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi. Amagawidwa m'nyanja za Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, Indian, Southern (malinga ndi zigawo zina) nyanja, nyanja, malo, zovuta, etc. Nyanja ili ndi madzi amchere amchere, osayenera kumwa.

Madzi onse akumwa amapezeka pamtunda. Ndi 2.5-3% yokha ya mphamvu ya hydrosphere. Madzi atsopano ndi: mitsinje, nyanja zina, mitsinje, madzi oundana ndi chisanu chamapiri, madzi apansi. Amagawidwa mosiyana. Choncho, m'madera ena a dziko lapansi muli malo owopsa komanso opululu omwe sakhala osakanizidwa kwa zaka mazana ambiri.

Madzi ambiri atsopano ali m'madzi otentha. Iwo amasungira pafupifupi 80-90% za malo apadziko lapansi a zothandiza izi. Mbalamezi zimaphimba malo okwana makilomita 16 miliyoni, zili m'madera akumidzi ndi pamwamba pa mapiri aatali.

Gwero la moyo

Madzi anawoneka pa dziko lapansi mabiliyoni ambiri apitawo, kaya atamasulidwa panthawi yamagetsi, kapena anadza kuno ngati mbali ya comets ndi asteroids. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa moyo wathu.

Anthu ndi zinyama amamwa, zomera zimayamwa ndi mizu (kapena ziwalo zina) kuti akhalebe ndi mphamvu. Gawo lalikulu la madziwa limalowa m'thupi limodzi ndi chakudya.

Kawirikawiri, anthu amafunika malita 5-10 pa tsiku, ndipo amakhala ngati madzi - pafupifupi awiri. Nyama ndi zomera zimatha kudya kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mvuu imamwa pafupifupi 300 malita patsiku, pafupifupi ndalama zofanana ndizofunika ndi eukalyti.

Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi m'chilengedwe sikungokhala kumwa. Kwa zamoyo zingapo, ndi malo okhalamo. Mu mitsinje ndi m'nyanja, algae amakula, nsomba, plankton, amphibians, nyamakazi, zinyama zina ndi zamoyo zina zimakhala.

Njira zogwiritsira ntchito madzi

M'moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku, palibe tsiku limodzi lomwe lingathe popanda madzi. Pankhaniyi, magalimoto atsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chiŵerengero chake n'chochepa. Zambiri zowonjezerazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku pakuyeretsa, kutsuka, kutsuka mbale, kuphika.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndikofunikira kuti ukhondo ukhale wolimba. Pachifukwachi, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakhomo, komanso m'malo onse ogwira ntchito, makamaka muzipatala. Mu mankhwala, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ku malo osambira, kusinthasintha, kupukuta, kuwonjezeredwa ku kulongosola.

N'kofunika kwa mafakitale. Pano, ndi njira zambiri, zimathandiza kuthetsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zikhale zakumwa zina, mchere kapena mpweya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga nitrogenous, acetic, hydrochloric acid, mabotolo, mowa, ammonia, ndi zina. Chaka chilichonse zoposa makilomita 1000 za zipangizo zimachokera ku nyanja zatsopano ndi mitsinje kuti zitheke.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa madzi kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi masewera monga masewera olimbitsa thupi, hockey, kusambira, biathlon, rowing, surfing, sport motor-sport. Ndikofunika kuzimitsa moto, chifukwa cha ulimi.

Mphamvu Zamakono

Gawo lina la ntchito ya madzi ndi mphamvu. Pazitsulo zamagetsi ndi magetsi, madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azizizira mphepo, komanso kupanga mpweya. Cholinga cha kupanga gigawatt imodzi ya magetsi, malo otentha amatha madzi osachepera 30 mpaka 40 pamphindi.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa madzi mu zomera zamagetsi kumayendera pa mfundo zina. Apa, magetsi amapangidwa ndi liwiro la kuyenderera kwa mitsinje. Maofesiwa amaikidwa m'malo omwe ali ndi zakuthambo. Kumene mitsinje siimathamanga, kusiyana kwakukulu kumapangidwe kosakanizidwa mothandizidwa ndi madamu ndi madamu.

China, India, United States, France ndi mayiko ena kuti apange mphamvu yogwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Malo oterewa (PES) amamangidwa pamphepete mwa nyanja, komwe msinkhu wa madzi umasintha kangapo patsiku chifukwa cha mphamvu za kukopa kwa dzuwa ndi mwezi.

Mafunde a m'nyanja angaperekenso mphamvu. Mphamvu yawo yapadera imaposa mphepo ndi mphamvu zamtundu. Mapulogalamu omwe amapanga mphamvu motere, panthawi yochepa. Yoyamba inayamba mu 2008 ku Portugal, yomwe ili ndi nyumba pafupifupi 1,500. Komabe malo osachepera amodzi ali ku UK pazilumba za Orkney.

Agriculture

Kulima sikutheka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito madzi. Amagwiritsiridwa ntchito makamaka ku ulimi wothirira, komanso kupezeka kwa mbalame ndi ziweto. Ng'ombe zokwana zikwi khumi zokha zikhoza kufunikira mamita masentimita 600 a madzi. Kulima mpunga kumatenga pafupifupi 2400 malita, chifukwa mphesa - 600 malita, ndi mbatata - 200 malita.

Gawo la madzi odiririra minda ndi minda imabwera mwachibadwa mwa mvula. Mwachitsanzo, m'mayiko ena, ku Great Britain, amawerengera kuchuluka kwa madzi.

Kumene kuli nyengo yowuma, ulimi wothirira umapulumutsidwa . Iwo anawonekera ku Mesopotamia ndi ku Igupto wakale. Kuyambira apo, ndithudi, iwo apambana, koma iwo sanataye kufunikira kwake. Kudiririra kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko a Asia, South America ndi Europe. M'madera akumapiri ndi malo, m'mphepete mwa madzi osefukira.

Zothandizira kuti mupumule

Imodzi mwa madzi osangalatsa kwambiri ndi anthu ndi gawo la zosangalatsa. Kuwonongeka kwa ntchito imeneyi kumakhala kocheperapo kusiyana ndi malo ena. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi zambiri anthu amafunitsitsa kupita ku madzi amchere, omwe ndi madzi a m'nyanja.

Pa nyanja ndi nyanja, pali holide yochapa nyanja. Ku Russia, Nyanja Yakuda ndi Nyanja ya Azov ndi yotchuka. Malo osungira malo ambiri amachititsa kuti pakhale chitukuko cha masewera a madzi, maulendo apanyanja ndi boti, komanso nsomba.

Zigawo ndi madzi amchere zimakopeka iwo amene amafuna kuti azisangalala, komanso kuti azikhala ndi thanzi labwino. Monga lamulo, pali malo odyetserako ziweto ndi malo osungirako malo kumalo amenewa. Madzi amchere amadzaza ndi mchere wosiyana siyana, monga sulfure, magnesium, calcium, ndi zina zotero. Malingana ndi mawonekedwewa, akhoza kukhudza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana mu thupi la munthu, kukonza ntchito yawo.