Manganese miyala: zanga, migodi. Nkhokwe miyala manganese mu dziko

Manganese miyala - ndi mchere mchere. Iwo amasiyana mtengo zofunika mafakitale ndi zachuma. Zikuphatikizapo mchere monga Brown, rhodonite, rhodochrosite, bustamite, pyrolusite, manganite ndi ena. ores manganese zimapezeka m'maiko onse (pali kuphatikizapo m'dera la Chitaganya cha Russia).

m'matangadza dziko

Pakali pano, manganese miyala akupezeka m'mayiko 56. Ambiri madipoziti ali Africa (za 2/3). Total nkhokwe manganese miyala mu dziko, malinga kuwerengetsera ongolankhula, kuchuluka matani biliyoni 21 (linatsimikizidwa biliyoni 5). Oposa 90% ya iwo mu madipoziti ndi stratiform - madipoziti kugwirizana ndi miyala nyanja. Other chikukhudza weathering kutumphuka ndi Madziwo magwero.

95% m'matangadza wokwatibwa ndi mayiko 11 - Ukraine, South Africa, Gabon, Kazakhstan, Australia, Georgia, Brazil, Russia, China, India ndi Bulgaria. Ngakhale kuti China khalidwe la miyala zachilengedwe ndi wotsika, China imatengedwa mtsogoleri kupanga miyala katundu. Komanso, amapereka zambiri mchere ndi anachokera ku zinthuzi yaiwisi.

magawidwe

World yopanga manganese miyala magawidwe osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, okusayidi zopangira chachikulu uyikidwa yekha m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumene dongo ndipo sandstones wamba. Kuchoka m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja, ndi carbonate miyala. Zikuphatikizapo kashiamu rhodochrosite, rhodochrosite ndi manganocalcite. Chotero miyala manganese umakumana ku madera flasks ndi clays. mtundu wina wa madipoziti - metamorphosed. Migodi imeneyi zikusonyeza kuti India.

The miyala wamkulu

Komanso zina mchere, manganese miyala mu dziko inakhazikitsidwa mu nthawi zosiyana kwambiri chitukuko cha kutumphuka la dziko lathuli. Iwo anaonekera mu Precambrian ndi Cenozoic nyengo. Ena tinatake tozungulira pansi pa nyanja ndi kusonkhanitsa lero.

Mmodzi wa quartzites wamkulu ankaona Brazil chitsulo ndi Indian gondity, amene anaonekera mu Precambrian metallogenic lothandiza ndi dongosolo geosynclinal. Mu nthawi yomweyo panali Ghana manganese miyala (anga nsutite-Dagvino) ndi South Africa (kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Kalahari M'chipululu). Small m'matangadza wa Oyambirira Paleozoic Nyengo ndi mu United States, China ndi Russia kummawa. China yaikulu gawo la nthawi iyi imatengedwa Shanvutu mu Hunan Province. Manganese miyala ncho mu Russia zili Far East (mu mapiri a Wamng'ono Hinggan) ndi Kuznetsky Alatau.

Mochedwa Paleolithic ndi Cenozoic

Manganese miyala Chakumapeto Paleozoic nyengo khalidwe ku Central Kazakhstan, kumene madipoziti ziwiri zazikulu akupangidwa - Ushkatyn-W ndi Dzhezdinskoe. Kiyi mchere - Brown hausmannite, hematite, manganite, ndi pyromorphite psilomelane. Mochedwa Cretaceous ndi Jurassic kuphulika kwa mapiri spawned manganese miyala m'dera Trans-Baikal, ndi Caucasus, New Zealand ndi gombe la North America. Gawo lalikulu kwambiri nthawi imeneyi Groote Island anapeza mu 1960. mu Australia.

The Cenozoic nyengo yapadera lonse kudzikundikira miyala manganese kum'mwera kwa East nsanja European (Mangyshlanskoe, Chiatura gawo Nikopol dziwe). Ndiye manganese miyala kumeneko ndi m'madera ena padziko lonse. Mu Bulgaria Obrochishte gawo anapanga, ndipo Gabon - Moanda. Onse yodziwika ndi mchenga ndi dongo madipoziti mineralized. Mchere alipo mu mawonekedwe a oolites, tinatake tozungulira, masango ndi concretions wanthaka. dziwe lina miyala manganese (Ural) anaonekera mu nthawi Ukachenjede. Iwo umachokera makilomita 300. wosanjikiza uyu wa ores manganese mphamvu mamita 1 mpaka 3 chimakwirira otsetsereka a kum'mawa kwa mapiri a Ural.

mitundu miyalayo

Pali mitundu ingapo majini a miyala ya ores manganese volcanogenic-nyanja, nyanja, metamorphogenic ndi weathering. A mitundu inayi bwino chionekera zofunika kwambiri kwa zachuma. Tikuyankhula zokhudza madipoziti nyanja. Iwo ankaganiza mozungulira 80% m'matangadza onse miyala manganese mu dziko.

Ambiri madipoziti zikuluzikulu amakuonani mu lagoon ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja-m'madzi mabeseni. Izi Chijojiya Chiatura wanga, Kazakhstan Mangystau, Chibugariya Obrochishte. Komanso, kukula lawo lalikulu losiyana Chiyukireniya Nikopol dziwe. miyalayo zobala zake minda anatambasula pamodzi ndi mitsinje Ingulets ndi Dnepr. Nearby mizinda - Zaporozhye ndi Nikopol. Pool ndi Mzere elongated cha m'lifupi makilomita 5 ndi makilomita 250 yaitali. Plast - ndi mchenga dothi paketi ndi magalasi, concretions. Manganese miyala, zithunzi zomwe mungathe kuona m'nkhani uli pa akuya mamita 100.

M'madzi ndi chiphala madipoziti

Manganese miyala ncho osati pa dziko komanso m'madzi. Iwo amachita zimenezi makamaka United States ndi Japan, amene mulibe nkhokwe yaikulu ku madera "youma". Childs cholinga m'madzi wanga manganese miyala ndi pa akuya makilomita 5.

formations wina mtundu - chiphala. Pakuti madipoziti izi yodziwika ndi kulankhulana ndi ferruginous ndi carbonate miyala. The matupi miyala zambiri zimakhala mofulumira pinches kunja magalasi cholakwika, zigawo ndi mphodza. Iwo wapangidwa carbonates, chitsulo ndi manganese. Mphamvu matupi miyala ndi ku mamita 1 mpaka 10. Ndi mtundu chiphala-nyanja ndi miyala ya Kazakhstan ndi Russia (Il-Niliyskoe ndi Primagnitogorskoe). Komanso ndi miyala Salair Ridge (siliceous porphyry-mapangidwe).

Weathering kutumphuka ndi miyala metamorphogenic

Field weathering crusts popangidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa miyala manganese. Akatswiri umatchedwanso woipa ofanana zipewa. Mitundu ya mtundu umenewu ndi mu Brazil, India, Venezuela, Australia, South Africa ndi Canada. ores zikuphatikizapo vernadite psilomelane ndi pyrolusite. Iwo anapanga ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa rhodonite ndi rhodochrosite manganocalcite.

ores Metamorphogenic inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka kukhudzana kapena dera metamorphism munali miyala ndi nyanja ores manganese. Kotero apo rhodonite ndi bustamite. Chitsanzo cha madipoziti ngati - Karsakpay ku Kazakhstan.

Russian miyala ya ores manganese

Urals - chinsinsi manganese miyala migodi dera Russia. Industrial miyala ya lamba thanthwe akhoza zimachitika mitundu iwiri: mapiri nyanja. Yotsirizira zili m'dambo Ordovician. gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo Chuvalskaya gulu m'dera Perm. Kwambiri mosiyana Parnoksky gawo lake mu Komi. Iwo anapeza mu 1987 ndi ulendo Geological ku Vorkuta. gawo ili mu m'tsinde mwa la kumalo ozizira Urals, 70 Km from Inta. mapangidwe ili m'malire a mayiko shales ndi laimu. Iwo anatsindika zingapo mineralized kiyi: Pachvozhsky, Maginito, Far East ndi.

Monga zina za mtundu uwu m'munda Parnoksky kwambiri carbonate, ndipo manganese oxidized miyala. Iwo yodziwika ndi kirimu kapena mtundu bulauni ndipo wapangidwa rhodonite ndi rhodochrosite. Mlingo wa manganese mwa iwo - 24%.

chuma cha Urals ndi

Ndi bwino anamvetsa Upper Chuvalskie madipoziti ili mu dera Perm. Kuchuluka chapamwamba mu zone makutidwe ndi okosijeni mwa iwo anayamba zofiirira ndi wakuda chitsulo manganese miyala. Kum'mawa otsetsereka Ural wamba madipoziti nyanja (Kipchak Chelyabinsk dera, Akkerman mu Orenburg). Development anayamba mu nthawi yotsiriza ya Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.

Pa makilomita makumi ku likulu la Bashkortostan, Ufa mzinda, ndi Upper nyanja gawo Ulu Telyak. manganese anajambulapo ili apa zimaonetseratu kuwala bulauni. Kwenikweni nkhaniyi detrital anapanga pambuyo kuwonongedwa kwa ores chachikulu. Iwo wapangidwa ndi vernadite, ndi kalikedo ndi psilomelane.

M'dera Sverdlovsk ndi Paleogene nyanja madipoziti. Apa payima lalikulu North-Ural beseni yaitaliyo pafupifupi 300 makilomita. Iye ali manganese kwambiri miyala nkhokwe zazikulu chotsimikiziridwa m'chigawochi. Pool zikuphatikizapo minda khumi. Yaikulu ya iwo - ndi Catherine, Yuzhno-Berezovsky, New Berezovsky Berezovsky Yurkinskoe, Marsyatskoe, Ivdelsky, Lozvinskoe, Tyninskoe. Madamu Local kugona mu mchenga, clays, mchenga, silts ndi gravels.