Terms of malonda a zinthu zina

Kukhala ndi ufulu malonda zochokera m'chilamulo lolamulira kutetezela ufulu wa ogula ndi ubale "wogula-wogulitsa". Terms of malonda a katundu wina anafuna kukhazikitsa malamulo a malamulo amene kuwakhudza. kufunikira izi amayamba ndi makhalidwe mbali ogula ndi katundu m'gulu gulu osiyana mankhwala, komanso njira ndi nthawi yosungirako.

Malamulo a malonda a zinthu zina m'gulu zigawo makumi awiri. Chigawo choyamba chimakwirira kamba ambiri. Imodzi mwa mfundo limamveketsa nkhani ya ulamuliro pa malamulo a. zigawo atsala m'gulu la malamulo malonda ena mitundu ya katundu, kusonyeza mutu zokhudza kukonzekera kwawo kwa malonda, kuchuluka ndi ochititsa ntchito, komanso mafunso nkhani za chuma. Choncho, iwo akhoza kupeza ndi mafotokozedwe kuti pa zogulitsa Features:

- chakudya, kuluka, kusoka nsalu ndi ubweya katundu;

- magalimoto, ngolo ndi luso njinga yamoto, makina chilolezo;

- zodzikongoletsera (kuchokera miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi zitsulo) malonda;

- mankhwala ndi mankhwala mankhwala ndi zipangizo zogwiritsa;

- nyama ndi zomera;

- katundu wachokera ku kalasi "mankhwala nyumba" mankhwala (kwa agro-maofesi) ndi mankhwala;

- mabuku a kanema ndi ntchito wailesi, kuphatikizapo phonograms;

- zida nkhokwe;

- mankhwala yomanga ndi zipangizo;

- zidutswa mipando;

- mowa;

- zakale mu ntchito ya nonfood gulu;

- mabuku sanali magaziniyo.

M'magazini ino ayenera, ndiponso pa malamulo a malonda mankhwala si chakudya, poyamba ntchito (ntchito zakale).

1. Kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi zoletsedwa harmonization ndi Stete mabungwe kuyang'aniridwa ukhondo. Pa nthawi yomweyo kofunika kukonza mfundo apadera (Ndime, m'madipatimenti).
2. Kuvomera katundu zogulitsa amaloledwa ndimeyi kukonzekera wopangidwa bwinobwino zosankhidwa ndi mitundu mlingo avale, quality, zida ndi dzuwa kupanga. Kodi kuchitidwa (ngati n'koyenera) zovala (youma kuyeretsa) ndi otutyuzhivanie.

Pankhaniyi, malamulo a malonda a zinthu zina monga kugulitsa katundu ukhondo ankalamulira pa mapeto a ukhondo (ukhondo) ukatswiri.

1. Ndikoletsedwa zogulitsa kale ntchito mankhwala ukhondo, mankhwala zolinga popanga mafutawa ndi zodzikongoletsera, katundu amene ali m'magulu monga "mankhwala nyumba", mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zovala zamkati, katundu anafuna kuti ana, tableware disposable, mayunitsi gasi, popanda bwinobwino zikopa za nyama popanda olemba.
2. Information za khalidwe la AIDS (a zaumoyo) zochitika kutchulidwa mudziwe mankhwala.
3. Terms of malonda a zinthu zina zimafuna zambiri mwachindunji (makhalidwe) za mankhwala pa chizindikiro chake.
4. Anapeza kale ntchito mankhwala (ndi yoyenera khalidwe) sangathe anabwerera kapena anasinthanitsa.

A item osiyana anafotokoza malamulo a malonda mowa. Monga mukudziwa, iwo akhala omangika. Ichinso bwanji mowa anaphatikizana ndi malamulo atsopano ku kalasi ya mkulu-mphamvu mowa. Komanso, mankhwala ena chakudya gulu komanso a kalasi mowa (munali mowa) katundu. Koma kugulitsa ritelo wa mowa ndi zakumwa pa maziko ake, chifukwa cha ichi muyenera chilolezo. Icho chinakhazikitsidwa pa mowa malonda chiletso malo ndi nthawi. Malamulo anayambitsa udindo (boma komanso zigawenga) zogulitsa a mowa (zakumwa mowa) kwa ana ndi sanali kugwilizana ndi malamulo.