Mitundu ya katundu

The zosiyanasiyana zimene timachita tsiku lililonse, tikuyembekezera kukumana ndi kufunika m'kagulu. Izi mosavuta pa mapeto, ndi ndondomeko akhale ndi kuwona akatswiri msika chitukuko ndi kulimbikitsa malonda.

Mitundu zotsatirazi katundu zigwire malinga ndi mfundo za tangibility:

1. Chogwirika kapena okhala mawonekedwe thupi:
   • zipangizo olimba - matabwa, zitsulo, malasha;
   • gaseous zipangizo - helium, wa hydrogen, mpweya woipa;
   • madzi mankhwala - mafuta, mafuta, gasi.
2. Wauzimu kapena chosaoneka ndi maso:
   • ndalama ndalama ndipo sanali ndalama, sheya, ndalama;
   • Chidule - mankhwala ena kuti phindu kwa mwini wake malinga ndi zolondola, panthawi yake ndi wathunthu;
   • misonkhano ya katundu osiyana - ndi malo kumene wogula amapeza phindu la utumiki ndi athandizi ake - amapindula makonzedwe awo.

Gulu la katundu mu malonda udzachitika pa malo ena. Pali mchitidwe mankhwala malonda mix, kukwera pa ndime ndi mtengo ndi njira Kukwezeleza ndi kufalitsa mankhwala. Kuti agule katundu, wogulitsa anakumana ndi kufunika kuphunzira msika ndi katundu akumufuna.

Malinga ndi mtundu wa msika, kumene chogulitsa, mungamvetse mitundu zotsatirazi katundu.

1. Katundu. Kuti anthu zopangidwa ndi misonkhano amene akulimbana pa ogula mapeto. Iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kukwaniritsa zolinga kapena banja tsiku ndi tsiku. Chakudya, nsapato ndi zovala, mipando, katundu m'nyumba ndi magalimoto.
2. Industrial katundu. Anafuna processing zina.

Khalidwe lalikulu yosiyana wina ndi mzake, izi mitundu ya mankhwala ndi cholinga chomwe iwo anapeza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kasitomala anagula lawnmower ndi izo akufuna kuthana ndi malo, ndiye mutu anakhala chofunika mafakitale. Koma ndi nzeru kuyamba ntchito kutchetcha udzu anu monga chida Yemweyo amapita ku gulu la katundu ogula.

Izi mitundu ya mankhwala ndi subspecies zawo. mankhwala Industrial anawagawa zipangizo, zigawo ndi zipangizo, zipangizo wothandiza, misonkhano, likulu katundu.

• Yaiwisi zipangizo - ulimi (dzinthu, nyama, masamba, zipatso, etc ...) Ndipo mankhwala achilengedwe (nkhuni, chitsulo miyala, mafuta).
• Zigawo ndi zipangizo. Zipangizo (chitsulo, simenti, thonje) Nthawi zambiri zina kukonzedwa, ndi zigawo (matayala, injini, ndi zina zotero. D.) Kodi mbali ya chomaliza mankhwala sichinasinthe.
• ntchito Support ndi zipangizo - kapena zipangizo ntchito (mafuta, makala pa pepala), kapena zipangizo ntchito yokonza kapena kukonza.
• katundu Capital - cholinga ntchito ndi wogula cha ntchito yake yopanga. Izi nyumba lonse, ndi maofesi munthu, komanso zida mafakitale.

Katundu alinso ndi khalidwe la ogula pa kugula ndi chikhalidwe cha kufunika mu subtypes zikuluzikulu.

• Mopupuluma kugula. Katundu anagula zokha mchikakamizo cha zinthu posakonzekera (mabuku, maswiti, kumatafuna chingamu , ndi zina zotero. D.). Nthawi zambiri anagula malo zosayembekezereka katundu wotereyu.
• Emergency kugula. Mankhwala anagulidwa ndi kusowa mwadzidzidzi anauka, monga mankhwala, zida zosinthira maambulera, etc.
• Substitutable mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo mankhwala ofanana kuti zikathandizire chomwecho. Awa ndi tiyi ndi khofi, margarine ndi batala.
• Kugwirizana mankhwala - CD-player ndi mbale kwa izo, makamera digito ndi makadi kukumbukira.

Pakuti mayiko ogula ndi ogulitsa ndi mafakitale, izo linatuluka pa classifier umodzi wa katundu, umene aliyense wa iwo nomenclature yake malamulo akaweruzidwa.